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Brain cell involved in visual processing
Complex cells can be found in the primary visual cortex (V1), the secondary visual cortex (V2), and Brodmann area 19 (V3). Like a simple cell, a complex
Complex_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
higher-dimensional object Cell, an element of an abstract cell complex Cell, a basic unit of a cellular automaton Cell, an element of a CW complex Cell, a k-face of
Cell
Protein complex on the surface of T cells that recognizes antigens
The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex, located on the surface of T cells (also called T lymphocytes). They are responsible for recognizing fragments
T-cell_receptor
Neuron in the cerebral cortex used for visual processing
Hypercomplex cells were originally characterized as the superordinate class of visual processing cells above complex and simple cells. Whereas complex cells were
Hypercomplex_cell
Type of topological space
a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different
CW_complex
Multiprotein complex that forms a point of contact or adhesion in animal cells
Cell junctions or junctional complexes are a class of cellular structures consisting of multiprotein complexes that provide contact or adhesion between
Cell_junction
In mathematics, an abstract cell complex is an abstract set with Alexandrov topology in which a non-negative integer number called dimension is assigned
Abstract_cell_complex
Basic unit of life forms
organelles. Prokaryotic organelles are less complex, and are typically membrane-less. All prokaryotic cells secrete different substances from their membranes
Cell_(biology)
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
cellular organisms of the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya, which have a distinct cell nucleus (formed by a nuclear membrane), membrane-bound organelles and organization
Eukaryote
Brain cell
grating cell does not respond when seeing an isolated bar. Using the mathematical Gabor model with sine and cosine components (phases), complex cells are
Simple_cell
Process of forming the first eukaryotic cell
created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular
Eukaryogenesis
Common ancestor of eukaryotes
modern eukaryotes. This has led biologists to propose that the LECA was a complex cell with a nucleus with a nucleolus and eu/heterochromatin, an endoplasmic
Last eukaryotic common ancestor
Last_eukaryotic_common_ancestor
Events leading to cell division
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequence of events that take place in a cell and lead to its division into two daughter cells. These events
Cell_cycle
Thin fibrous layer between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue in animals
reticular lamina. The basement membrane also acts as a platform for complex cell signaling, for polarization, migration, and differentiation. It also
Basement_membrane
Aspect of cell metabolism
Ragulator-Rag complex is a regulator of lysosomal signalling and trafficking in eukaryotic cells, which plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism
Ragulator-Rag_complex
Mammalian protein found in humans
initially discovered in the early 1990s as a component of a mammalian cell adhesion complex: a protein responsible for cytoplasmatic anchoring of cadherins
Catenin_beta-1
Cell surface proteins, part of the adaptive immune system
histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large locus on vertebrate DNA containing a set of closely linked polymorphic genes that code for cell surface proteins
Major histocompatibility complex
Major_histocompatibility_complex
Biological process
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which
Cell_division
Protein involved in cell adhesion, cell growth, cell migration and differentiation
secreted by various cells, primarily fibroblasts, as a soluble protein dimer and is then assembled into an insoluble matrix in a complex cell-mediated process
Fibronectin
Eukaryotic organelle
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein, a non-membrane-bound organelle in most eukaryotic cells whose function is not yet fully understood. Discovered and isolated by Nancy
Vault_(organelle)
Delimited medium where some stimuli can evoke neuronal responses
fields of cells in the visual cortex into simple cells, complex cells, and hypercomplex cells. Simple cell receptive fields are elongated, for example with
Receptive_field
Organism that consists of more than one cell
multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, and more than one cell type, unlike unicellular organisms. All species of animals, land
Multicellular_organism
Openings in nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells
a family of proteins known as nucleoporins (Nups). Each pore complex in the human cell nucleus is composed of about 1,000 individual protein molecules
Nuclear_pore_complex
Multiprotein complex
The RNA-induced silencing complex, or RISC, is a multiprotein complex, specifically a ribonucleoprotein, which functions in gene silencing via a variety
RNA-induced_silencing_complex
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
A mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double
Mitochondria
Research field in deep learning
Each cell in a cell complex is homeomorphic to an open ball, attached together via attaching maps. Boundary cells of each cell in a cell complex are also
Topological_deep_learning
Type of artificial neural network
types of cells in the visual primary cortex called simple cell and complex cell, and also proposed a cascading model of these two types of cells for use
Neocognitron
Genus of bacteria
Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus's characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses. Mycobacteria are aerobic
Mycobacterium
simple cells, and simple cells in turn stimulate complex cells where then a combination of complex cells create depth perception. Three different cell types
Binocular_neurons
Protein complex and T cell co-receptor
complex and T cell co-receptor that is involved in activating both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ naive T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells)
CD3_(immunology)
Protein complex
multi-vulval class B (DREAM) complex is a protein complex responsible for the regulation of cell cycle-dependent gene expression. The complex is evolutionarily conserved
DREAM_complex
Ribosomal 43S Preinitiation Complex Bound to the Scanning Factor DHX29". Cell. 153 (5). Elsevier BV: 1108–1119. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.036. ISSN 0092-8674
43S_preinitiation_complex
Medical condition
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of inherited hemoglobin-related blood disorders. Sickle cell disease is caused by
Sickle_cell_disease
Chromatin remodeling complex
complex functions in DNA damage repair, cell cycle control, and preservation of cell identity. The mammalian BAF complex is disrupted frequently in human disease
Mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) complex
Mammalian_SWI/SNF_(BAF)_complex
Protein complex
membrane attack complex (MAC) or terminal complement complex (TCC) is a complex of proteins typically formed on the surface of pathogen cell membranes as
Complement membrane attack complex
Complement_membrane_attack_complex
Protein family
suggest that Orc2-3-6 may form a core complex. A 2020 report suggests that budding yeast ORC dimerizes in a cell cycle dependent manner to control licensing
Origin_recognition_complex
Tissue lining the surfaces of organs in animals
paracellular transport. There are 5 main types of cell junctions, each composed of different protein complexes: Tight junctions are a formed by pairs of trans-membrane
Epithelium
Site-specific recombinase technology
particularly useful to help neuroscientists to study the brain in which complex cell types and neural circuits come together to generate cognition and behaviors
Cre-Lox_recombination
Protein found in humans
and promotes nucleosome assembly and CRL4A complexes perform similar functions in human cells. CRL4 complexes also affect histone methylation events and
Cullin-4A
Type of white blood cell
to T cells as peptide pieces in complex with MHC-II molecules on the cell membrane. T helper (TH) cells, typically follicular T helper (TFH) cells recognize
B_cell
Specialized subunit within a cell
been likened to liquid-liquid phase separation. Eukaryotic cells are structurally complex, and by definition are organized, in part, by interior compartments
Organelle
Cell-cycle regulatory complex
Anaphase-promoting complex (also called the cyclosome or APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that marks target cell cycle proteins for degradation by the
Anaphase-promoting_complex
Immature ovum or egg cell
multiple cellular and developmental processes. The oocyte, a large and complex cell, must be able to direct the growth of the embryo and control cellular
Oocyte
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial
ACTR2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
which regulates cell proliferation. The encoded protein is found in many histone deacetylase complexes, including mSin3 co-repressor complex. It is also present
RBBP7
Most common type of skin cancer
Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal-cell cancer, basalioma, or rodent ulcer, is the most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as a
Basal-cell_carcinoma
Biological ability of cells to distinguish between types of neighboring cells
behaviors ranging from simple adhesion to complex cellular differentiation. Like other cellular functions, cell–cell recognition is impacted by detrimental
Cell–cell_recognition
Network of filamentous proteins that forms the internal framework of cells
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and
Cytoskeleton
Gene editing method
system. By delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell, the cell's genome can be cut at a desired location,
CRISPR_gene_editing
adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is a stable complex of four
AP2_adaptor_complex
Protein-coding gene in humans
deacetylase complex. It also interacts with retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein and this complex is a key element in the control of cell proliferation
HDAC1
Immune system messenger protein which induces inflammation
cell survival, and complex II, which leads to cell death. By default, TNFR1 activation triggers cell proliferation and inflammation rather than cell death
Tumor_necrosis_factor
complex cells, and consisted of several orientation selective simple cells inputting into a single Complex cell. This was believed to result in a cell selective
Orientation_selectivity
Protein-coding gene in humans
binding protein RbAp48 interacts with a complex of CREB binding protein and phosphorylated CREB". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (14): 4970–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.20
RBBP4
Cell that displays antigen bound by MHC proteins on its surface
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays an antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its
Antigen-presenting_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex". Cell. 125 (5): 887–901. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043. PMID 16751099. Faller M, Matsunaga M
Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8
Microprocessor_complex_subunit_DGCR8
Immune cell found in connective tissue
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a resident cell that develops and lives in connective or mucosal tissue and contains many small
Mast_cell
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated
Cellular_differentiation
Protein complex
as mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, is a protein kinase complex that functions as a nutrient/energy/redox
MTORC1
Protein found in humans
cell may develop into a tumor. The APC protein helps control how often a cell divides, how it attaches to other cells within a tissue, how the cell polarizes
Adenomatous_polyposis_coli
Biological process
process by which a cell makes exact copies of its DNA. This process occurs in all organisms and is essential to biological inheritance, cell division, and
DNA_replication
Protein-coding gene in humans
(Sep 1998). "A human RNA polymerase II complex containing factors that modify chromatin structure". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (9): 5355–63. doi:10.1128/MCB
PCAF
Undesirable occurrence in eukaryotic cells
recognition complexes (ORCs) assemble to begin replication. The repetition of these sequences may be the most important to origin recognition. In animal cells, replication
DNA_re-replication
Macromolecular protein complex
important for processes like cell locomotion, phagocytosis, and the intracellular motility of lipid vesicles. The Arp2/3 complex was identified in 1994 (preliminarily
Arp2/3_complex
Type of immune cell
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune
T_helper_cell
Discrete model of computation
cell in terms of the current state of the cell and the states of the cells in its neighborhood. Typically, the rule for updating the state of cells is
Cellular_automaton
T cell that kills infected, damaged or cancerous cells
cell. If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of the class I MHC molecule and the antigen, and the T cell destroys the cell.
Cytotoxic_T_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(Oct 1999). "A novel clathrin adaptor complex mediates basolateral targeting in polarized epithelial cells". Cell. 99 (2): 189–98. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81650-5
AP1G1
group theory, a presentation complex is a 2-dimensional cell complex associated to any presentation of a group G. The complex has a single vertex, and one
Presentation_complex
Enzyme found in humans
2013). "The yeast ski complex: crystal structure and RNA channeling to the exosome complex". Cell. 154 (4): 814–26. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.017. PMID 23953113
Superkiller_complex_protein_2
RNA that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein
transcription/export complex (TREX). Multiple mRNA export pathways have been identified in eukaryotes. In spatially complex cells, some mRNAs are transported
Messenger_RNA
Protein complex formed during initiation of DNA replication
on the oriC that DnaA binds to determines if the cell has a bORC (bacterial Origin Recognition Complex) or a pre-RC. The archaeal pre-RC is very different
Pre-replication_complex
Protease, is Recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) Death-Inducing Signaling Complex". Cell. 85 (6): 817–27. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81266-0. PMID 8681377. Xiao
Death-inducing signaling complex
Death-inducing_signaling_complex
Computer program for working with tabular data
accounting worksheets. The program operates on data entered in cells of a table. Each cell may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas
Spreadsheet
Protein-coding gene in humans
way, the APC/CCdc20 complex inactivates itself by the end of mitosis. However, because the cell does not immediately enter the cell cycle, Cdks can not
CDC20
Type of malignant cancer
extremely complex malignant tissue admixtures. C-SCLC is the only currently recognized subtype of SCLC. Very rarely, the primary site for small-cell carcinoma
Small-cell_carcinoma
Protein pathway in cells
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins are part of a pathway inside cells that helps sort and move other proteins. One
ESCRT
Protein complex
particular in humans. The COMPASS complex, or similar protein complexes, have been identified in species ranging from single-celled fungi to humans. They play
COMPASS_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
class II HDACs is dependent on a multiprotein complex containing HDAC3 and SMRT/N-CoR". Molecular Cell. 9 (1): 45–57. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00429-4
Histone_deacetylase_2
Type of eukaryotic cell present in green plants
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls
Plant_cell
Protein complex
assembled in Xenopus egg extracts. Many eukaryotic cells possess two different types of condensin complexes, known as condensin I and condensin II, each of
Condensin
Ribonuclease III enzyme
Drosha complex also contains several auxiliary factors such as EWSR1, FUS, hnRNPs, p68, and p72. Both Drosha and DGCR8 are localized to the cell nucleus
Drosha
System of communication
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the biological process by which a cell interacts with itself, with other cells, and with the environment
Cell_signaling
Series of molecular signals
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell signaling system present in most animals. Mammals possess four different notch receptors, referred
Notch_signaling_pathway
Outermost layer of some cells
A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes
Cell_wall
Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule
primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex". Cell. 125 (5): 887–901. Bibcode:2006Cell..125..887H. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043. PMID 16751099. Conrad
MicroRNA
Nuclear membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
number of nuclear pore complexes. In eukaryotes such as yeast which undergo closed mitosis, the nuclear membrane stays intact during cell division. The spindle
Nuclear_envelope
Type of stable macromolecular complex
many (if not most) biological processes. The cell is seen to be composed of modular supramolecular complexes, each of which performs an independent, discrete
Protein_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Jacobs MD, Harrison SC (1998). "Structure of an IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB complex". Cell. 95 (6): 749–58. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81698-0. PMID 9865693. S2CID 7003353
IκBα
Protein family
consists of the B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain (CD79A/Igα) and the B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein
CD79
Federal supermax prison in Fremont County, Colorado, US
the cell, which can occur at any time of day or night, they are kept under restraint (handcuffed, shackled, or both). The hour outside of the cell is for
ADX_Florence
Protein complex that degrades RNA
(ribonucleic acid) molecules. Exosome complexes are found in both eukaryotic cells and archaea, while in bacteria a simpler complex called the degradosome carries
Exosome_complex
Type of cells of the immunological system
White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes), also called immune cells or immunocytes, are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting
White_blood_cell
(2005). "Deconstructing the cadherin-catenin-actin complex". Cell. 123 (5): 889–901. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.020. PMC 3368712. PMID 16325582. Arikkath
Cadherin–catenin complex in learning and memory
Cadherin–catenin_complex_in_learning_and_memory
Mammalian protein found in humans
a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and transcription
MTOR
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
(Feb 2004). "Structure of the human transferrin receptor-transferrin complex". Cell. 116 (4): 565–76. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00130-8. PMID 14980223.
Transferrin
Protein and coding gene in humans
Hall MN (Nov 2004). "Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the actin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitive". Nature Cell Biology. 6 (11): 1122–8. doi:10.1038/ncb1183
FKBP1A
Protein-coding gene in humans
polyubiquitination and protein stability through MDM2 and CUL4A/DDB1 complexes". Cell Cycle. 5 (15): 1719–29. doi:10.4161/cc.5.15.3150. PMID 16861890. Higa
DTL_(gene)
Type of plant tissue involved in cell proliferation
In cell biology, the meristem is a structure composed of specialized tissue found in plants, consisting of stem cells, known as meristematic cells, which
Meristem
Type of white blood cell
of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell surface. T cells are born from hematopoietic stem cells, found in the bone marrow. Developing T cells then migrate
T_cell
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COMPLEX CELL
COMPLEX CELL
COMPLEX CELL
COMPLEX CELL
COMPLEX CELL
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