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Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
Cellular differentiation, also known as cellular specification, is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one. Usually
Cellular_differentiation
Very poor cellular differentiation, indicative of potential for cancer
πλάσις (plasis) 'formation') is a condition of cells with poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells and their
Anaplasia
Swarm behaviour in bacteria
to move across a surface. Swarming bacteria undergo morphological differentiation that distinguish them from their planktonic state. Cells localized
Swarming_motility
Development and formation of the human embryo
embryo. It is characterised by the processes of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development
Human_embryonic_development
Quality of a system having two stable equilibrium states
understanding basic phenomena of cellular functioning, such as decision-making processes in cell cycle progression, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. It is
Bistability
Biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape
along with the control of tissue growth and the patterning of cellular differentiation. The process controls the organized spatial distribution of cells
Morphogenesis
Structural support for biological cells
regulate many important cellular processes including cellular contraction, cell migration, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death (apoptosis)
Extracellular_matrix
Topics referred to by the same term
service is used Cellular differentiation, in biology Differentiation (journal), a peer-reviewed academic journal covering cell differentiation and cell development
Differentiation
Gamete-producing cell
the developing gonads. There, they undergo meiosis, followed by cellular differentiation into mature gametes, either eggs or sperm. It is debated whether
Germ_cell
Species of slime mold, model organism
used as a model organism for research into motility, cellular differentiation, chemotaxis, cellular compatibility, and the cell cycle. It is commonly cultivated
Physarum_polycephalum
Organism that consists of more than one cell
transition from temporal to spatial cell differentiation, rather than through a gradual evolution of cell differentiation, as affirmed in Haeckel's gastraea
Multicellular_organism
Instance of defined set in Homo sapiens with Reactome ID (R-HSA-6806560)
bacterial and viral infections. AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The structure of AP-1
AP-1_transcription_factor
Process by which animal embryos form and develop
divisions with no significant growth (a process known as cleavage) and cellular differentiation, leading to development of a multicellular embryo after passing
Animal_embryonic_development
Origination and development of an organism
development of form and shape of an organism; tissue growth; and cellular differentiation. The term ontogeny has also been used in cell biology to describe
Ontogeny
Period of reproduction
the sac in the center of the embryo, as well as cells which begin to differentiate into blood vessels. Endocardial cells begin to form the myocardium.
Pregnancy_(mammals)
Red blood cell with a cell nucleus
the cell's life, and the nucleus is ejected as a normal part of cellular differentiation before the cell is released into the bloodstream. The presence
Nucleated_red_blood_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
many critical functions including: transcriptional regulation, cellular differentiation and proliferation, DNA damage repair, viral suppression, and apoptosis
TRIM28
Taxonomic grouping of winged insects without a certain form of wing-folding
dual origin: the anterior and posterior regions develop through cellular differentiation, while the central region originates from yolk cells. In all other
Palaeoptera
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
of an epigenetic change in eukaryotic biology is the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various
Epigenetics
Formation of blood cellular components
exhibiting variable rates of cellular differentiation. For example, under the influence of erythropoietin (an erythrocyte-differentiation factor), a subpopulation
Haematopoiesis
embryo. It is characterised by the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development
Development_of_the_human_body
Theory that living organisms are made up of cells
hypothesis of living cells. Cell adhesion Cytoskeleton Cell biology Cellular differentiation Germ theory of disease Membrane models Schaefer, G. Bradley; Thompson
Cell_theory
Star-shaped organisms
proximal to distal direction until regeneration is completed. Cellular differentiation and completion of the main nervous components take place in the
Starfish_regeneration
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of p53. This strongly implicates p73 as playing a large role in cellular differentiation. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000078900 – Ensembl, May 2017
P73
Anti-cancer medication
metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which results in impaired cellular differentiation contributing to oncogenesis. By inhibiting the IDH1 and IDH2 mutated
Vorasidenib
First cloned mammal (1996–2003)
Eggan K (2005). "Nuclear Cloning, Epigenetic Reprogramming and Cellular Differentiation". Stem Cells: Nuclear Reprogramming and Therapeutic Applications
Dolly_(sheep)
Any function vital to living organisms
by the organism's heredity, diet, and external factors. Also: cellular differentiation, fermentation, fertilisation, germination, tropism, hybridisation
Biological_process
Species of alga
Driscoll, William (2013). "Cellular differentiation and individuality in the 'minor' multicellular taxa: Differentiation and individuality". Biological
Volvox_carteri
Category of cell regeneration
characterized by a much greater relative degree of cellular proliferation. Although cellular differentiation is active in both processes, in morphallaxis the
Morphallaxis
British biologist specialising in botany
doctoral thesis was supervised by Cathie Martin and investigated cellular differentiation in plants. After her PhD, Glover began her career as a junior research
Beverley_Glover
Cell organelle in animal cell helping in cell division
many cell types, the centrosome is replaced by a cilium during cellular differentiation. However, once the cell starts to divide, the cilium is replaced
Centrosome
Measure of the cell appearance in tumors and other neoplasms
lifespans and poor differentiation. The grade score (numerical: G1 up to G4) increases with the lack of cellular differentiation - it reflects how much
Grading_(tumors)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
orthologues of Staufen, Staufen1 (STAU1) and Staufen2 (STAU2) have distinct cellular functions. STAU1 is expressed in many cell types and tissues and STAU2
STAU1
Protein or other substance that stimulates cellular proliferation
stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation. Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone. Growth
Growth_factor
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
oncogenic transcription factor discovered. The proto-oncogene c-Jun is the cellular homolog of the viral oncoprotein v-jun (P05411). The viral homolog v-jun
Transcription_factor_Jun
Brain precursor structures
begin to generate neurons through the process of neurogenesis. Cellular differentiation Radial glial cell Gilbert, Scott F.; College, Swarthmore; Helsinki
Brain_vesicle
Process of stem cells differentiating into fat cells
regulated cellular differentiation process, in which mesenchymal stem cells committing to preadipocytes and preadipocytes differentiating into adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Biological term
meiosis). The epigenome is essential for normal development and cellular differentiation, enabling cells with the same genetic code to perform different
Epigenome
Effector molecule that inhibits cell growth and promotes cellular differentiation
well as DIF-1 does to induce differentiation in stalk cells. Despite this similarity in function during differentiation, DIFs -1 and -2 act very differently
Differentiation-inducing factor
Differentiation-inducing_factor
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well
Mitochondrion
Sphere of cells formed during early embryonic development in animals
factors, sugars, ions and other components which are necessary for cellular differentiation. The blastocoel also allows blastomeres to move during the process
Blastulation
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
imprinting. In development, X chromosome inactivation is a part of cellular differentiation. This is accomplished by normal Xist function. To confer pluripotency
Tsix
Protein complex
stabilizing this silencing and underlies cellular memory of silenced region after cellular differentiation. PRC1 also mono-ubiquitinates histone H2A
PRC2
Overview of and topical guide to cell biology
interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. Cellular differentiation – A concept in developmental biology whereby less specialized cells
Outline_of_cell_biology
Family of proteins
important roles in both the embryo and the adult, ranging from cellular differentiation and cell polarity to social behavior. There are three human genes
Dishevelled
Study of how organisms develop and grow
factor for neuronal differentiation, myogenin for muscle differentiation, and HNF4 for hepatocyte differentiation. Cell differentiation is usually the final
Developmental_biology
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
permanent shape, size and a function is called cellular differentiation. Cells of meristematic tissue differentiate to form different types of permanent tissues
Tissue_(biology)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
enables key epigenetic modifications essential for processes such as cellular differentiation and embryonic development, transcriptional regulation, heterochromatin
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A
DNA_(cytosine-5)-methyltransferase_3A
Biological cell regulation mechanisms
of glucose. In multicellular organisms, gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in the embryo, leading to the creation of different
Regulation_of_gene_expression
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cellular proliferation, while follistatin acts as safeguard against uncontrolled cellular proliferation and an instrument of cellular differentiation
Follistatin
Biological process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth
of gene regulation and involves the cellular processes of cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Regeneration in biology, however,
Regeneration_(biology)
Tissue inside seeds that is starchy in cereals and liquid in coconuts
endosperm contain hormones such as cytokinins, which regulate cellular differentiation and embryonic organ formation. Cereal crops are grown for their
Endosperm
Species of bacterium
multicellular life due to its filamentous characterization and cellular-differentiation capabilities. Mannan, R. M.; Pakrasi, H. B. (1993). "Dark heterotrophic
Anabaena_variabilis
Hierarchy of complex structures and systems within biological sciences
that hierarchical structures are stable". Abiogenesis Cell theory Cellular differentiation Composition of the human body Evolution of biological complexity
Biological_organisation
Structure formed around day 5 of mammalian embryonic development
amino acids, growth factors, and other molecules necessary for cellular differentiation. Multiple processes control cell lineage specification in the blastocyst
Blastocyst
Scientific study of animals
development, cellular differentiation, regeneration, asexual and sexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells
Zoology
Biological process of cartilage development
is formed and developed. This intricate and tightly regulated cellular differentiation pathway plays a crucial role in skeletal development, as cartilage
Chondrogenesis
Mass of cells which cannot spread throughout the body
Hamartomas are a group of benign tumors that have relatively normal cellular differentiation but exhibit disorganized tissue organization. Exceptions to the
Benign_tumor
Topics referred to by the same term
maturation, an aspect of developmental biology The final stages of cellular differentiation of cells, tissues, or organs Expiration (disambiguation) Maturity
Maturation
Embryonic cell structure
the blastocyst, which contains the inner cell mass, undergoes cellular differentiation into the two layers of the bilaminar embryonic disc. One of which
Bilaminar_embryonic_disc
Cell surface receptors
-A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including cancer. There
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor
Study of plant life
or partly autopolyploid organism, or during normal processes of cellular differentiation to produce some cell types that are polyploid (endopolyploidy)
Botany
Disease that causes scarring of the lungs
in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and cellular differentiation. It is a potent stimulator of fibrosis, and increased TGF-β signaling
Pulmonary_fibrosis
Vertebrate receptor protein and transcription factor
role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Despite lacking a clear endogenous ligand, AhR appears to play a role in the differentiation of many
Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor
Growth from the tips of roots or shoots of plants
adding length to the root. Finally, the cells undergo a process of cellular differentiation that converts them into the components of dermal, vascular or ground
Primary_growth
Practice of using chemical substances to lighten the skin
leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates melanocyte cellular differentiation as well as the transcription of melanogenic enzymes (tyrosinase
Skin_whitening
Type of cells of the immunological system
distinguished from lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) by hematopoietic lineage (cellular differentiation lineage). Lymphocytes can be further classified as T cells, B cells
White_blood_cell
Interconnected biochemical reactions releasing energy
to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibit cellular differentiation. A similar phenomenon is observed for the Jumonji C family of KDMs
Citric_acid_cycle
Genus of algae
for the Molecular and Genetic Origins of Multicellularity and Cellular Differentiation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45207-6. Nedelcu, AM;
Volvox
Topics referred to by the same term
specialist practices Specialty (medicine), a branch of medical practice Cellular differentiation, the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized
Specialization
Structure in early amniote embryogenesis
chemotactic cell movement, have been proposed to explain the nature of the cellular movements required to form the primitive streak. The marginal zone of a
Primitive_streak
Basic unit of life forms
called a zygote, that differentiates into hundreds of different cell types during the course of development. Differentiation of cells is driven by different
Cell_(biology)
Large-scale study of proteins
or under different conditions, for example during development, cellular differentiation, cell cycle, or carcinogenesis. Further increasing proteome complexity
Proteomics
Group of nuclear receptor proteins
regulating gene expression. PPARs play essential roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor
Enzyme found in humans
additional cellular functions that are independent of its role in apoptosis. Nonapoptotic roles of caspase-9 include regulation of necroptosis, cellular differentiation
Caspase-9
Structure preventing inter-cell leakage
Occludin is able to interact with signaling pathways controlling cellular differentiation, and has been shown to travel to the nucleus of cells in which
Tight_junction
plasma. cellular Of, relating to, consisting of, produced by, or resembling a cell or cells. cellular differentiation See differentiation. cellular immunity
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
Embryonic carcinoma cell line
The cellular mechanism that occurs during aggregation and differentiation is still not fully studied. However, some studies showed that the cellular communication
P19_cell
Ability of a cell to differentiate into other cell types
functional neurons. This result challenges the terminal nature of cellular differentiation and the integrity of lineage commitment; and implies that with
Cell_potency
Outer germ layer of embryonic development
been established, cellular differentiation can occur. The first major process here is neurulation, wherein the ectoderm differentiates to form the neural
Ectoderm
Biological ability of cells to distinguish between types of neighboring cells
cell behaviors ranging from simple adhesion to complex cellular differentiation. Like other cellular functions, cell–cell recognition is impacted by detrimental
Cell–cell_recognition
Layer of cells that covers leaves, flowers, roots of plants
MIXTA, or its analogue in other species, later in the process of cellular differentiation will cause the formation of conical cells over trichomes. MIXTA
Epidermis_(botany)
Biological model
(October 1969). "Positional information and the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation". J. Theor. Biol. 25 (1): 1–47. Bibcode:1969JThBi..25....1W. doi:10
French_flag_model
Lilly USA". "hcdm, Human Cell Differentiation Molecules". www.hcdm.org. Retrieved 2015-10-15. "hcdm, Human Cell Differentiation Molecules". www.hcdm.org.
List of human clusters of differentiation
List_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation
Collection of molecular regulators
signaling pathway controls both mitotic growth and post-mitotic cellular differentiation. Recently it was found that the network the Hippo signaling pathway
Gene_regulatory_network
cytoplasm. Studies suggest that intracrine VEGF contributes to cellular differentiation during cardiac organogenesis. In embryonic and progenitor cardiac
Intracrine_signaling
Species of bacterium
the regulation of the cell cycle, asymmetric cell division, and cellular differentiation. Caulobacter daughter cells have two very different forms. One
Caulobacter_crescentus
Chemical compound and essential nutrient
and adipogenesis, highlighting its role in energy storage and cellular differentiation. Thiamine and its metabolites (2-methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidine carboxylic
Thiamine
Contact-based cell-cell signalling
proliferate, or which cells are able to exit the cell cycle and differentiate. Cellular differentiation involves a cell changing its phenotypical or functional
Juxtacrine_signalling
Process of embryonic development in mammals
Mammalian embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation during early prenatal development which leads to the development of
Mammalian_embryogenesis
Hepatic sinusoidal blood vessel
particular interest. One problem to overcome is the reversing of cellular differentiation that has made these cells highly specialized phenotypically in
Liver_sinusoid
fetus – placenta - gamete – spermatid – ovum – zygote – embryo – cellular differentiation – morphogenesis – homeobox Immune system antibody – host – vaccine
Outline_of_biology
American scientist
Illinois. Huberman's fields of interest include cancer research, cellular differentiation and adult stem cell research. Huberman received a Master of Science
Eliezer_Huberman
Hormone-producing glands of a body
first 12 weeks of gestation, the anterior pituitary undergoes cellular differentiation. At 20 weeks of gestation, the hypophyseal portal system has developed
Endocrine_system
American cell biologist and cancer researcher
metabolite levels can contribute to the regulation of gene expression, cellular differentiation and oncogenic transformation. This work has contributed to the
Craig_B._Thompson
Medical condition
proliferation; Notch signaling pathway that in the cancer setting promotes cellular differentiation and proliferation; and NF-κB signaling that in the cancer setting
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
Extranodal_NK/T-cell_lymphoma,_nasal_type
Molecule that carries genetic information
transduction processes that control responses to environmental changes or cellular differentiation and development. The specificity of these transcription factors'
DNA
Species of opisthokont eukaryote
that move the cell colony through the water. Similar low level cellular differentiation and specification can also be seen in sponges. They also have collar
Salpingoeca_rosetta
of development such as morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation (e.g. Doursat 2008), gene regulatory networks (e.g. Guo et al.
Artificial_development
British biologist (1929–2021)
paper titled Positional Information and the Spatial Pattern of Cellular Differentiation in the Journal of Theoretical Biology. The model uses the French
Lewis_Wolpert
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
Girl/Female
Latin
Beautiful.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : from Middle High German kellaere ‘cellarman’, ‘cellar master’ (Latin cellarius, denoting the keeper of the cella ‘store chamber’, ‘pantry’). Hence an occupational name for the overseer of the stores, accounts, or household in general in, for example, a monastery or castle. Kellers were important as trusted stewards in a great household, and in some cases were promoted to ministerial rank. The surname is widespread throughout central Europe.English : either an occupational name for a maker of caps or cauls, from Middle English kellere, or an occupational name for an executioner, from Old English cwellere.Irish : reduced form of Kelleher.Scottish : variant of Keillor.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Without Differentiation
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : habitational name from Lyng in Norfolk, so named from Old English hlinc ‘hillside’, or from either of two places in Norfolk and Lincolnshire named Ling, from Old Norse lyng ‘ling’, ‘heather’. There is also a Lyng in Somerset, so named from Old English lengen ‘long place’.German : variant of Link.Chinese : from a word meaning ‘ice’. In ancient times, the imperial palace was able to enjoy ice in the summer by storing winter ice in a cellar, entrusting its care to an official called the iceman. This post was once filled during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc) by a descendant of Kang Shu, the eighth son of Wen Wang, who had been granted the state of Wei soon after the establishment of the Zhou dynasty. Descendants of this particular iceman adopted the word for ice, ling, as their surname.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Without Differentiation
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Butter 1.English : occupational name for a servant working in a wine cellar, Norman French boterie (see Buttery), with the Middle English genitive -s.German : variant of Butter 2.
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
Biblical
a man of Elkeshai
Boy/Male
Tamil
Apasyu | அபஸà¯à®¯à¯à®‚
Skilful, Active
Boy/Male
Tamil
Shataneek | ஷதாநீக
Another name of Ganesh, Warrior
Boy/Male
Indian
Son of Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Sikh
Absorbed in reflection, Strong
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lotus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Pious
Girl/Female
Indian
Illuminating, Shedding light, Bright and shining
Boy/Male
Teutonic
God's peace.
Boy/Male
Indian
Beloved of Allah, Friend of Allah, Dear to all
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION
n.
A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.
n.
A tumor produced by the escape of blood into the subcutaneous cellular tissue.
a.
Having the shape or appearance of little stars; radiated.
n.
Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney.
n.
The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar.
n.
A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular tissue.
n.
Induration of the cellular tissue.
a.
Marked with starlike spots of color.
n.
Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.
n.
Cellular slaggy lava; volcanic cinders.
a.
Cellular.
n.
An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue.
n.
Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.
n.
Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.
n.
Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.
n.
A small cell.
a.
Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.
n.
A swelling from effusion of watery fluid in the cellular tissue beneath the skin or mucous membrance; dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue.
n.
A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones.