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Immature ovum or egg cell
An oocyte (/ˈoʊəsaɪt/, oöcyte, or ovocyte) is a female germ cell involved in sexual reproduction. An oocyte is an immature ovum, an immature egg cell produced
Oocyte
Procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes)
Oocyte cryopreservation (commonly referred to as OC or egg freezing) is a form of Assisted reproductive technology used to preserve human eggs (oocytes)
Oocyte_cryopreservation
Technique used in in vitro fertilization
oocyte retrieval (TVOR), also referred to as oocyte retrieval (OCR), is a technique used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to remove oocytes from
Transvaginal_oocyte_retrieval
Processes in fertilization
Oocyte (or ovum/egg) activation is a series of processes that occur in the oocyte during fertilization. Sperm entry causes calcium release into the oocyte
Oocyte_activation
Egg cell production process
Oocyte —(Meiosis I)—> First Polar body (Discarded afterward) + Secondary oocyte —(Meiosis II)—> Second Polar Body (Discarded afterward) + Ovum Oocyte
Oogenesis
Egg cell abnormalities
Oocytes are immature egg cells that develop to maturity within a follicle in the ovary. Oocyte abnormalities can occur due to several factors, including
Oocyte_abnormalities
Procedure performed prior to IVF
Oocyte selection is a procedure that is performed prior to in vitro fertilization, in order to use oocytes with maximal chances of resulting in pregnancy
Oocyte_selection
Union of a human egg and sperm
or copulation shortly after ovulation. Upon encountering the secondary oocyte, the acrosome of the sperm produces enzymes which allow it to burrow through
Human_fertilization
Structure containing a single egg cell
of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), known as an oocyte. The nucleus of such an oocyte is called a germinal vesicle (see picture). Cumulus oophorus
Ovarian_follicle
final maturation of oocytes is a procedure that is usually performed as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to render the oocytes fully developed
Final_maturation_induction
Release of egg cells from the ovaries
luteinizing hormone (LH). The ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the egg will be
Ovulation
process of oogenesis to become an ovum. It can be an oogonium, an oocyte, or an ootid. An oocyte, in turn, can be either primary or secondary, depending on how
Immature_ovum
Cell division producing haploid gametes
all the oocytes needed for future ovulations, and these oocytes are arrested at the prophase I stage of meiosis. In humans, as an example, oocytes are formed
Meiosis
The oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) is an inhibitory factor created by follicular cells during a primary oocyte maturation. It is believed to be the
Oocyte_maturation_inhibitor
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
providing ATP necessary for the development from germinal vesicle to mature oocyte, a decreased mitochondria function can lead to inflammation, resulting in
Mitochondria
Cluster of cells surrounding an oocyte
cumulus oophorus (discus proligerus) is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. In the antral follicle
Cumulus_oophorus
Artificial maturation of harvested immature egg cells
is the technique of letting the contents of ovarian follicles and the oocytes inside mature in vitro. It can be offered to women with infertility problems
In_vitro_maturation
Method of assisted reproduction
Egg donation (also referred to as "oocyte donation") is the process by which a woman donates eggs to enable another woman to conceive as part of an assisted
Egg_donation
Process of maturation of primordial follicles
follicle, a densely packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. Folliculogenesis describes the progression of a number of small primordial
Folliculogenesis
Resumption of meiosis occurs as a part of oocyte meiosis after meiotic arrest has occurred. In females, meiosis of an oocyte begins during embryogenesis and will
Resumption_of_meiosis
Guidance of sperm
concentration gradient of a chemoattractant secreted from the oocyte and thereby reach the oocyte. Since the discovery of sperm attraction to the female gametes
Sperm_chemotaxis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
envelope around oocytes called the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida binds to sperm and functions as a “gatekeeper”, preventing an oocyte from being fertilized
ZP1
secretory organelles (ranging from 0.2 μm to 0.6 μm in diameter) found within oocytes and are most associated with polyspermy prevention after the event of fertilization
Cortical_granule
In vitro fertilization procedure
the same. In terms of insemination, ICSI needs only one sperm cell per oocyte, while IVF needs 50,000–100,000. This is because the acrosome reaction has
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection
Latter part of the menstrual cycle
to begin the menstrual cycle again. After ovulation and release of the oocyte, the anterior pituitary hormones–follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
Luteal_phase
Mammal reproductive system cell
that is closely associated with the developing female gamete (called an oocyte or egg) in the ovary of mammals. In the primordial ovarian follicle, and
Granulosa_cell
post birth. At 17 days, primordial follicles, each of consists of a small oocyte (with no zona pellucida) and a single layer of flattened pre-granulosa cells
Canine_follicle_development
Natural changes in the human female reproductive system
the follicle stimulating hormone prompts the production and growth of oocytes (immature egg cells). The hormone estrogen stimulates the uterus lining
Menstrual_cycle
British molecular biologist
who along with colleagues Gerard Marbaix and John Gurdon discovered the oocyte exogenous mRNA expression system – a system that not only reveals aspects
Charles_Daniel_Lane
Cellular mantle around egg cell
the cell.[citation needed] It is formed by follicle cells adhering to the oocyte before it leaves the ovarian follicle, and originates from the squamous
Corona_radiata_(embryology)
Tubes in the human female reproductive system
secondary oocyte is released from the ovary. The follicle and the ovary's wall rupture, allowing the secondary oocyte to escape. The secondary oocyte is caught
Fallopian_tube
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
somatic cells directly affect oocyte growth and function. Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) is expressed in oocytes and is thought to be required
Growth differentiation factor 9
Growth_differentiation_factor_9
Gamete-producing cell
chromosome). Oocyte maturation is the following phase of oocyte development. It occurs at sexual maturity when hormones stimulate the oocyte to complete
Germ_cell
Ovum quality is the measure of the ability of an oocyte (the female gamete) to achieve successful fertilisation and develop into a viable embryo. The quality
Ovum_quality
Procedure to retain reproductive ability
or reversible, dependent on many factors. A study indicated that fewer oocytes are recovered from cancer patients wanting to perform embryo preservation
Fertility_preservation
Ovarian stem cells are oocytes formed in ovarian follicle before birth in female mammals. Interest has recently been devoted to OSCs (ovarian stem cells)
Ovarian_stem_cell
Medical condition
fertilize a normal oocyte to make a XXXY zygote. In the case where the oocyte is the genetic cause of 48,XXXY syndrome the oocyte would contain three
XXXY_syndrome
Female reproductive organ that produces egg cells
ovaries, the developing egg cells (or oocytes) mature in the fluid-filled follicles. Typically, only one oocyte develops at a time, but others can also
Ovary
Sampling of a polar body of an oocyte
Polar body biopsy is the sampling of a polar body of an oocyte. It was first applied clinically in humans in 1987 after extensive animal studies. A polar
Polar_body_biopsy
Form of cloning
transfer is a form of cloning. The step involves removing the DNA from an oocyte (unfertilised egg), and injecting the nucleus which contains the DNA to
Nuclear_transfer
Genus of amphibians
of gene function and high-throughput biochemistry. Furthermore, Xenopus oocytes are a leading system for studies of ion transport and channel physiology
Xenopus
Diploid eukaryotic cell formed by fertilization between two gametes
mechanisms. In human fertilization, a released ovum (a haploid secondary oocyte with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid sperm cell (male gamete)
Zygote
Medical condition
as Pergonal, and administration of hCG to induce final oocyte maturation and/or trigger oocyte release, often in conjunction with in vitro fertilisation
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Ovarian_hyperstimulation_syndrome
Assisted reproductive technology procedure
granulosa, which are easily aspirated during oocyte retrieval. These cells are closely associated with the oocyte and share the same microenvironment, and
In_vitro_fertilisation
Byproduct of oogenesis
body of an oocyte. After sampling of a polar body, subsequent analysis can be used to predict viability and pregnancy chance of the oocyte, as well as
Polar_body
Process to preserve biological matter
Tissue samples like tumors and histological cross sections Eggs (oocytes) in oocyte cryopreservation Embryos at cleavage stage (that are 2, 4, 8 or 16
Cryopreservation
Japanese researcher
and environmental factors that control the differentiation process of the oocyte lineage leading to eggs by reconstructing this process using pluripotent
Katsuhiko_Hayashi
Prolonged resting phase in oogenesis
shortly before ovulation by the LH surge. Thus, although the majority of oocytes are produced in female fetuses before birth, these pre-eggs remain arrested
Dictyate
Female reproductive cell
on humans, dogs, and cats in the 1870s suggested that the production of oocytes (immature egg cells) stops at or shortly after birth. A review of reports
Egg_cell
Single-celled hybrid of human and hamster
A humster is a hybrid cell line made from a zona-free hamster oocyte fertilized with human sperm. It always consists of single cells and cannot form a
Humster
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in humans is encoded by the PAIP2B gene. It is mainly expressed in the oocytes and fertilized eggs in mice. Most mRNAs, except for histones, contain a
Poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 2B
Poly(A)_binding_protein_interacting_protein_2B
Protein-coding gene
expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in oocyte secondary oocyte vena cava tendon of biceps brachii nipple mucosa of pharynx cerebellar
AMBRA1
Sperm-meets-egg process
inside the oocyte then fuse to the outer membrane, and a quick fast block reaction occurs. Furthermore, the cortical granules inside the oocyte fuse with
Acrosome_reaction
Glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes
specialized area surrounding mammalian oocytes (eggs). It is also known as an egg coat. The zona pellucida is essential for oocyte growth and fertilization. The
Zona_pellucida
fertilised egg. In 1948, John Rock and Miriam Menkin retrieved over 800 oocytes, of which 138 were exposed to spermatozoa in vitro. They published their
History of in vitro fertilisation
History_of_in_vitro_fertilisation
Medical technique
multiple ovarian follicles. These multiple follicles can be taken out by oocyte retrieval (egg collection) for use in in vitro fertilisation (IVF), or be
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Controlled_ovarian_hyperstimulation
cortex cerebellar vermis right adrenal gland right adrenal cortex oocyte secondary oocyte apex of heart right frontal lobe Top expressed in cerebellar cortex
Shisa-8
Undifferentiated female germ cell
or ovoid in shape and are found amongst neighboring somatic cells and oocytes at different phases of development. Oogonia can be distinguished from neighboring
Oogonium
Gene in Humans
eminence sural nerve Achilles tendon internal globus pallidus ventricular zone oocyte tendon of biceps brachii corpus epididymis amniotic fluid thymus Top expressed
ZFP62
American medical doctor and reproductive endocrinologist
of oocyte donation to extend fertility in older women and for contributions to understanding endometrial receptivity, natural-cycle IVF, and oocyte cryopreservation
Richard_Paulson
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expressed in blastocyst zygote decidua morula secondary oocyte mesenteric lymph nodes embryo primary oocyte proximal tubule spleen More reference expression
HAVCR1
Follicles moving from inactive to growing phase
cells, formation of the protective zona pellucida layer, and growth of the oocyte. It is widely understood that androgens act primarily on preantral follicles
Ovarian_follicle_activation
German molecular biologist
Multidisciplinary Sciences. She is known for her work on meiosis in mammalian oocytes, for her studies on the mechanisms leading to the age-related decline in
Melina_Schuh
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in jejunum yolk sac duodenum zygote left lobe of liver secondary oocyte primary oocyte spleen thymus stomach More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
C11orf53
Australian sociologist (born 1957)
understanding of the post-Fordist regime of labor". Waldby’s 2019 publication, The Oocyte Economy: The Changing Meaning of Human Eggs, focused on a framework based
Catherine_Waldby
Union of opposite-sex gametes in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
non-linear motility pattern as sperm approach the oocyte. The capacitated spermatozoon and the oocyte meet and interact in the ampulla of the fallopian
Fertilisation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
marrow cell mucosa of sigmoid colon Top expressed in secondary oocyte zygote primary oocyte granulocyte lumbar spinal ganglion lacrimal gland Paneth cell
Multiple C2 domains, transmembrane 2
Multiple_C2_domains,_transmembrane_2
expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in oocyte secondary oocyte sperm gonad buccal mucosa cell testicle left testis right testis
LIN28
Protein found in humans
ganglion endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel primary oocyte pituitary gland secondary oocyte stroma of bone marrow trigeminal ganglion calvaria habenula
MCUB
Species of dragonfly
female sex cells, or oocytes. The nucleus of the panoistic oocyte likely contains all the necessary genetic material to develop the oocyte on its own, form
Downy_emerald
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
right kidney proximal tubule suprachiasmatic nucleus secondary oocyte primary oocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression
Cystatin_A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expressed in granulocyte right kidney proximal tubule zygote secondary oocyte primary oocyte Rostral migratory stream embryo dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
RAD51L3
Organs involved in reproduction
of mammal, oocytes continue to be replenished in females well after birth. In male germ cells and spermatozoa, and also in female oocytes, special DNA
Human_reproductive_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of the histone H1 family. The related mouse gene is expressed only in oocytes. It incorporates into sperm chromatin after fertilisation. GRCh38: Ensembl
H1FOO
Male reproductive cell
essential parts to the oocyte: (1) a signalling or oocyte-activating factor (OAF), which causes the metabolically dormant oocyte to activate; (2) the haploid
Sperm
Retention of sperm by female after mating
temporarily retained within a specific part of the reproductive tract before the oocyte, or egg, is fertilized. This process takes place in some species of animals
Female_sperm_storage
Protein found in humans
Epithelium of choroid plexus Top expressed in zygote secondary oocyte primary oocyte spermatid spermatocyte testicle ovary hypothalamus granulocyte embryo
DNAI7
fibroblast was then inserted into the enucleated oocyte of another dog, leading to the generation of dog oocytes expressing the red fluorescent protein. These
Ruppy
Protein-coding gene in humans
Northern blot analysis BMP-15 mRNA is locally expressed within the ovaries in oocytes only after they have started to undergo the primary stages of development
Bone_morphogenetic_protein_15
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
oocyte sperm decidua Brodmann area 23 right testis left testis Top expressed in tail of embryo zygote secondary oocyte embryo embryo primary oocyte genital
LIN28B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ventricle molar choroidal fissure lip secondary oocyte skin of abdomen body of femur primary oocyte lumbar spinal ganglion More reference expression
FAM167A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sural nerve secondary oocyte ventricular zone gonad prostate ganglionic eminence testicle stromal cell
NCAPD3
Epigenetic phenomenon
active process, before DNA replication (blue line in Figure). In the mature oocyte, about 40% of its CpG sites are methylated. Demethylation of the maternal
Reprogramming
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
muscle tissue muscle of thigh thoracic diaphragm heart secondary oocyte primary oocyte esophagus lens More reference expression data BioGPS More reference
RAPSN
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
RM (2012). "Single-cell expression analysis of BMP15 and GDF9 in mature oocytes and BMPR2 in cumulus cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing
BMPR2
Area of the ovaries
secondary oocyte is released along with surrounding granulosa cells, from the region of the cumulus oophorus, and follicular fluid. The secondary oocyte needs
Stigma_(anatomy)
Protein found in humans
right ovary myometrium testicle Top expressed in zygote oocyte secondary oocyte primary oocyte Gonadal ridge vas deferens sciatic nerve lumbar spinal ganglion
Zinc finger protein basonuclin-2
Zinc_finger_protein_basonuclin-2
Formation of yolk to be used for embryonic nutrition
Vitellogenesis is the process of yolk protein formation in the oocytes during sexual maturation. The term vitellogenesis comes from the Latin vitellus
Vitellogenesis
Protein and coding gene in humans
layer of sigmoid colon cingulate gyrus Top expressed in primary oocyte secondary oocyte zygote stroma of bone marrow lumbar spinal ganglion facial motor
R-spondin_2
Species of amphibian
create xenobots. Xenopus oocytes provide an important expression system for molecular biology. By injecting DNA or mRNA into the oocyte or developing embryo
African_clawed_frog
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expressed in testicle gonad ventricular zone left testis right testis secondary oocyte ganglionic eminence bone marrow sperm bone marrow cell Top expressed in
DBF4
American biologist
Connecticut. Her research considers the physiological mechanisms that regulate oocyte cell and fertilization. She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences
Laurinda_Jaffe
Protein-coding gene in humans
expressed in primary oocyte quadriceps femoris muscle zygote skeletal muscle tissue muscle of thigh granulocyte secondary oocyte urinary bladder right
EOLA1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
saphenous vein sperm stromal cell of endometrium oocyte granulocyte Achilles tendon secondary oocyte Top expressed in spermatid hand tail of embryo spermatocyte
RNF216
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad buccal mucosa cell oocyte testicle secondary oocyte trabecular bone biceps brachii Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps
MCM8
Middle membrane of Ovum
space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum. In the slow block to polyspermy, the cortical granules
Perivitelline_space
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lumbar spinal ganglion spermatocyte morula embryo secondary oocyte zygote primary oocyte tibiofemoral joint More reference expression data BioGPS More
PMFBP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ventricular zone gonad ganglionic eminence testicle left ventricle secondary oocyte right ventricle apex of heart Achilles tendon rectum Top expressed in spermatocyte
LIN9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
globus pallidus Top expressed in zygote secondary oocyte medial ganglionic eminence primary oocyte endocardial cushion genital tubercle atrioventricular
SAP30
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and are coexpressed in various neuronal populations. Studies in Xenopus oocytes suggest that this protein alone and in combination with pannexin 2 may
PANX1
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Girl/Female
Latin
A nymph.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Companion. Follower.
Female
Hebrew
(עֵיפָה) Variant spelling of Hebrew unisex Eyphah, EFAH means "darkness" or "gloomy."Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ocean, Sea, Stream, Wave
Boy/Male
Hindu
Anthor name for Vishnu and Krishna
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Light of Moon
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Ease; Wealth
Boy/Male
Tamil
Morning/ dawn
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Given by God
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE