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Network of filamentous proteins that forms the internal framework of cells
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and
Cytoskeleton
Basic unit of life forms
including species of Borrelia which causes Lyme disease. The prokaryotic cytoskeleton in bacteria is involved in the maintenance of cell shape, polarity and
Cell_(biology)
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
membrane-bound organelles and often complex cellular architecture supported by cytoskeleton. Extant eukaryotes are traditionally grouped into four kingdoms, namely
Eukaryote
Medical condition
which holds the membrane onto the cytoskeleton, causing the formation of blebs and the breakdown of the cytoskeleton and the membrane, and ultimately the
Diffuse_axonal_injury
Structural filaments in prokaryotes
The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural protein filaments in prokaryotes. Some of these proteins are analogues of those
Prokaryotic_cytoskeleton
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
glycocalyx, as well as the intracellular network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton. In the field of synthetic biology, cell membranes can be artificially
Cell_membrane
Cytoskeleton regulator RNA is a long non-coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the CYTOR gene. CYTOR plays a role in breast cancer. It regulates genes
Cytoskeleton_regulator_RNA
Filament in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton. They are primarily composed of polymers of actin, but are modified by
Actin_filament
Academic journal
Cytoskeleton is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering cytoskeletal research. The journal publishes original research pertaining to cell motility
Cytoskeleton_(journal)
Long chain of protein monomers
muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength
Protein_filament
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CKAP4 gene. CKAP4 also historically known as CLIMP-63 (cytoskeleton-linking
CKAP4
Protein family
Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) which is a protein network that associates the nuclear envelope (the membrane surrounding the nucleus) to the cytoskeleton, outside
Nesprin
Dutch biophysicist (born 1967)
University of Technology. She is notable for her research of the cell cytoskeleton. She was awarded the 2018 Spinoza Prize for her research. Dogterom was
Marileen_Dogterom
Israeli-Russian scientist
אלכסנדר ברשדסקי) is a Russian-Israeli cell biologist who studies the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. His research has contributed to the understanding
Alexander_Bershadsky
All of the contents of a cell including organelles but excluding the nucleus
material. This consists of a porous, elastic solid framework (including the cytoskeleton, organelles, and macromolecules) immersed in an interstitial fluid called
Cytoplasm
Material or tissue between a eukaryotic organism's cells
cytoskeleton. The name integrin is based on the word integrate, integrins are in a position to transmit signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton and
Matrix_(biology)
Structures projecting from cells
processes can be supported by any of the three major components of the cytoskeleton—microfilaments (actin filaments), intermediate filaments (IFs), or microtubules—
Cellular_extensions
Bulge in the plasma membrane of a cell
"blister-like", bulky morphology. It is characterized by the decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane, degrading the internal structure of the cell
Bleb_(cell_biology)
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
modifications of their mitochondria. Almost all protists have a complex cytoskeleton composed of relatively conserved structures across evolution, namely
Protist
Species of protist
which lacks a cytoplasmic microtubule cytoskeleton, to a flagellate, which has an elaborate microtubule cytoskeleton, including flagella. This "transformation"
Naegleria_gruberi
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
components of the cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. In addition, plectin links the cytoskeleton to junctions found
Plectin
Layer on the inner face of a cell membrane
The cell cortex, also known as the actin cortex, cortical cytoskeleton or actomyosin cortex, is a specialized thin layer of cross-linked actomyosins attached
Cell_cortex
Protein domain
various proteins at the interface between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. The FERM domain is located at the N terminus in the majority of proteins
FERM_domain
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes. It
Bacterial_cell_structure
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
abnormal aggregation of the tau protein within cells. Every neuron has a cytoskeleton, an internal support structure partly made up of organelles called microtubules
Alzheimer's_disease
Protein-coding gene in humans
in the anchoring of membrane proteins for the actin cytoskeleton. Remodeling of the cytoskeleton is central to the modulation of cell shape and migration
Filamin-A
German structural biochemist
scientist and structural biologist specializing in membrane proteins, the cytoskeleton, toxins, and sarcomere structural biochemistry. Since 2014, he has been
Stefan_Raunser
the fate map. A biochemical basis for the signal transduction from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus resulting in changes in gene expression was first proposed
Embryonic differentiation waves
Embryonic_differentiation_waves
Polymer of tubulin that forms part of the cytoskeleton
Microtubules are biopolymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton to provide structure and shape to a eukaryotic cell. Microtubules can be as
Microtubule
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein is a plasticity protein that in humans is encoded by the ARC gene. The gene is believed to derive from
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein
Activity-regulated_cytoskeleton-associated_protein
Class of molecular proteins
Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They do this by converting chemical energy into mechanical
Motor_protein
Ability to move using metabolic energy
mechanically with their environment... Eucaryotic cells have developed... the cytoskeleton... pulls the chromosomes apart at mitosis and then splits the dividing
Motility
Chemical compound
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. PtdIns(4
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate
Structural fibrous protein
keratin filaments and other intermediate filaments function as part of the cytoskeleton to mechanically stabilize the cell against physical stress. It does this
Keratin
Part of the body that forms the supporting structure
contractions and expansions of muscles along the animal's length. The cytoskeleton (cyto- meaning 'cell') is used to stabilize and preserve the form of
Skeleton
Protein found in humans
barrier function of epithelia, the organization and dynamics of the cytoskeleton, as well as the regulation of Rho-GTPase family. CGNL1 was originally
Cingulin-like_protein_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
adenylate cyclase-associated protein, 2 (yeast), cyclase associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 External IDs OMIM: 618385; MGI: 1914502; HomoloGene:
CAP2
Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity
shown that the epithelioid cell cytoskeleton formed by filaments differs significantly from the macrophage cytoskeleton. A large increase in the number
Epithelioid_cell
Macromolecular complex
major role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. It is a major component of the actin cytoskeleton and is found in most eukaryotic cells. Two
Arp2/3_complex
Microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney
these nephron segments can be distinguished by the shapes of their actin cytoskeleton visualized by confocal microscopy of fluorescent phalloidin. Blood from
Nephron
Protein found in humans
or low traction force and cytoskeleton tension. The expression of calponin 2 in NIH/3T3 cells was decreased when cytoskeleton tension was reduced after
Calponin_2
regulating various cellular processes ranging from organization of the actin cytoskeleton, transcription, and cellular adhesion to regulating the cell cycle. IQGAP1
IQGAP1
Cell organelle that processes proteins
called cisternae. These sac-like structures are held together by the cytoskeleton. The phospholipid membrane encloses the cisternal space (or lumen), which
Endoplasmic_reticulum
Protein family
involved in the protein complex responsible for connecting the muscle fibre cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, preventing damage to the muscle fibre sarcolemma
Sarcoglycan
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein that binds actin and regulates the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This protein has been associated with coronary artery disease and migraines
Phosphatase and actin regulator 1
Phosphatase_and_actin_regulator_1
Liquid found in cells
understood. Protein molecules that do not bind to cell membranes or the cytoskeleton are dissolved in the cytosol. The amount of protein in cells is extremely
Cytosol
Tilney is known for studying the cytoskeleton of animal cells, specifically how different components affect the cytoskeleton's overall properties. Tilney's
Lewis_Tilney
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex microtubule cytoskeleton stress fiber actin cytoskeleton cytoplasm non-motile cilium septin ring microtubule cytoskeleton Biological process cell
SEPT9
Membrane-bound organelle in cells containing fluid
Vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus (or, Golgi body) Cytoskeleton Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Vacuole Cytosol (fluid that
Vacuole
Small protrusion on a dendrite that receives input from a single axon
magnitude larger. The cytoskeleton of dendritic spines is particularly important in their synaptic plasticity; without a dynamic cytoskeleton, spines would be
Dendritic_spine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and it may coordinate membrane transport with the function of the cytoskeleton. RhoD has been shown to interact
RhoD
Proteins interacting with microtubules
(MAPs) are proteins that interact with the microtubules of the cellular cytoskeleton. MAPs are integral to the stability of the cell and its internal structures
Microtubule-associated protein
Microtubule-associated_protein
Kingdom of archaea
N-glycosylation pathway homologs. Asgard archaea have a regulated actin cytoskeleton, and the profilins and gelsolins they use can interact with eukaryotic
Asgard_archaea
Tubular structure to conduct male gametes of plants to the female gametes
grain. The elongation of the tube is achieved with elongation of the cytoskeleton and it extends from the tip, which is regulated by high levels of calcium
Pollen_tube
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 is a microtubule-associated protein that in humans is encoded by the CKAP5 gene. It is the homolog of the Xenopus protein
CKAP5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
centrosome membrane focal adhesion cell cortex actin cytoskeleton extracellular exosome cytoskeleton plasma membrane actin filament bundle Biological process
MARCKS
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cellular component cytoplasm plasma membrane cytoskeleton synaptic vesicle septin ring microtubule cytoskeleton septin complex septin filament array Biological
SEPT5
Cellular process
are moved to the rear of the cell by direct attachment to the actin cytoskeleton. The molecular mechanism for how this could be achieved is unclear, since
Cap_formation
Cytoskeletal protein
blood cell could still be seen as the spectrin-containing submembranous cytoskeleton preserved the shape of the cell in outline. This became known as a red
Spectrin
Protein found in humans
protein alpha isoforms with specific expression patterns". Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 38 (2): 120–32. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1997)38:2<120::AID-CM2>3
Capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1
Capping_protein_(actin_filament)_muscle_Z-line,_alpha_1
Type of kidney cell
responsible for congenital kidney failure. CD2AP regulates the podocyte cytoskeleton and stabilizes the slit diaphragm. A podocyte has a complex structure
Podocyte
French embryologist
embryologist and a theoretician of developmental biology. He coined the term cytoskeleton (cytosquelette) in 1931. He held radical epigenetic views. In his 60s
Paul_Wintrebert
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
myofibrillogenesis in cultured cardiomyocytes". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 54 (3): 254–65. doi:10.1002/cm.10102. PMID 12589684. Pashmforoush M
PDLIM3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
sufficient to induce microtubule reorganization". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 54 (4): 317–36. doi:10.1002/cm.10105. PMID 12601693. Chapin SJ, Bulinski
MAP4
American lawyer and professor
apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity, and is entitled CTL Cytotoxicity and the Cytoskeleton: A Microscopial Study. From 2000 to 2003, Attaran held a junior academic
Amir_Attaran
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
actin cytoskeleton cytoskeleton Biological process axonogenesis regulation of exocytosis Golgi to plasma membrane transport cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
LLGL1
Spanish-born microbiologist
how the cell wall of bacteria is controlled and explores the role of cytoskeleton in this process. She is an editor of The Cell Surface, a scientific journal
Rut_Carballido_Lopez
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
broad. The same way that coronin-1a helps with the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and dynamic activity with other proteins in vertebrates, Coronin can
CORO1A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
healing regulation of epithelium regeneration cytoskeleton organization intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization intermediate filament bundle assembly
Epiplakin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by the DMTN gene (formerly EPB49). Dematin functions to stabilize the cytoskeleton structure of red blood cells. In particular, it binds to actin, and induces
Dematin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane membrane cytoplasmic vesicle cytoplasm cytoskeleton cytosol plasma membrane actin cytoskeleton cell junction Biological process establishment
Rho GTPase-activating protein 21
Rho_GTPase-activating_protein_21
One of three major types of muscle
organelles such as the mitochondria by intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. The costamere attaches the sarcomere to the sarcolemma. Every single
Skeletal_muscle
membranes and protrusions. Studies regarding the degradation of actin cytoskeleton due to aging relied on LifeAct for the analysis of cytoskeletal organization
LifeAct
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1), is a protein associated with the cytoskeleton that in humans is encoded by the EPB41 gene. Protein 4.1 is a major structural
Protein_4.1
Tubulin protein
Molecular function nucleotide binding GTP binding structural constituent of cytoskeleton protein binding GTPase activity identical protein binding Cellular component
TUBG1
Protein-coding gene in humans
clusters neurotransmitter receptors by mediating interaction with the cytoskeleton. Moreover, GABARAP has an important function in autophagosome mediated
GABARAP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cells. It associates with stress fibers and constitutes part of the cytoskeleton. This gene is localized to chromosome 22q12.3, distal to the TUPLE1 locus
SMTN
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
complex 3D branching network inside the cell with the cytoskeleton. The association with the cytoskeleton determines mitochondrial shape, which can affect
Mitochondria
Protein found in humans
the creation of drug addiction. On top of that, Cdk5 modulates actin-cytoskeleton dynamics by phosphorylating Pak1 and filamin 1 and regulates the microtubules
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_5
implicated in the regulation of a number of cellular processes, including cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptosis and the MAP kinase signaling pathway. The protein
PAK6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cell junction Z discdkac cytoskeleton focal adhesion actin cytoskeleton nucleus lamellipodium Biological process actin cytoskeleton reorganization cilium
PARVA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and participate in the anchoring of membrane proteins for the actin cytoskeleton. However, the precise function of the Filamin-C isoform is still under
Filamin-C
Protein found in humans
segment plasma membrane ciliary rootlet actin cytoskeleton centriole extracellular exosome cytoskeleton cytoplasm cytosol microtubule organizing center
Rootletin
nucleus movement is the movement of the cell nucleus in plants by the cytoskeleton. An important aspect of plant behavior includes responding to directional
Plant_nucleus_movement
Protein-coding gene in humans
constituent of cytoskeleton protein binding structural constituent of eye lens Cellular component cell cortex intermediate filament cytoskeleton membrane cytoplasm
BFSP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
component cytosol plasma membrane extracellular exosome cytoskeleton nucleoplasm actin cytoskeleton cytoplasm Biological process insulin receptor signaling
BAIAP2L1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
vesicle chaperonin-containing T-complex microtubule extracellular exosome cytoskeleton Biological process tubulin complex assembly positive regulation of protein
T-complex_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cellular component cytoplasm plasma membrane sarcomere myofibril cytoskeleton actin cytoskeleton Biological process positive regulation of Rho protein signal
ABRA_(gene)
Conversion of mechanical stimulus of a cell into electrochemical activity
can transmit forces from the linked extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton - actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments act as force-transmitting
Mechanotransduction
Biological response in plants
(morphê, "shape"), and γένεσις (génesis, "creation").[citation needed] The cytoskeleton, composed of microtubules and actin filaments, plays a vital role in
Thigmomorphogenesis
Process in multicellular organisms
generally involves drastic changes in cell shape which are driven by the cytoskeleton. Two very distinct migration scenarios are crawling motion (most commonly
Cell_migration
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cytoskeleton associated protein 2 like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CKAP2L gene. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a mitotic
Cytoskeleton associated protein 2 like
Cytoskeleton_associated_protein_2_like
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a key components of the cytoskeleton. It binds two molecules of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta-chain
Tubulin_beta-4A_chain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
involved in the contractile system of striated and smooth muscles and the cytoskeleton of non-muscle cells. Tm is a 32.7 kDa protein composed of 284 amino acids
TPM1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transduction regulation of transcription, DNA-templated cytoskeleton organization microtubule cytoskeleton organization cell morphogenesis transcription, DNA-templated
SS18
Physical force that originates from thermodynamics instead of fundamental interactions
biological cells are typically driven by molecular motors associated with the cytoskeleton. However, a growing body of evidence shows that contractile forces may
Entropic_force
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein-containing complex binding Cellular component cell projection cytoskeleton stereocilium actin cytoskeleton filamentous actin cytoplasm Biological process actin
FSCN2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Cellular component nucleolus microtubule microtubule associated complex cytoskeleton cytoplasm cytosol dendrite cell projection intracellular anatomical structure
Microtubule-associated protein 2
Microtubule-associated_protein_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex binding Cellular component cytoplasm cell body neurofilament cytoskeleton nuclear envelope synaptic vesicle spindle chromosome microtubule organizing
NDEL1
Protein in Eukaryotes
crucial for the regulation of the cell cytoskeleton. Changes in the cytoskeleton are important because the cytoskeleton is a scaffold required for many cellular
Stathmin
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