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Simple and widely known encryption technique
so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence. The encryption step performed by a Caesar cipher is often incorporated
Caesar_cipher
Method of encryption
In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition)
Transposition_cipher
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting that creates the ciphertext (its output) by replacing units of the plaintext (its input)
Substitution_cipher
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
The Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different
Vigenère_cipher
2003 studio album by Negative Format
Cipher Method is Negative Format's fourth CD. The album was built with complex beat and rhythm structures, mixing Negative Format's trance melodies with
Cipher_Method
Steganography method
Bacon's cipher or the Baconian cipher is a method of steganographic message encoding devised by Francis Bacon in 1605. In steganography, a message is
Bacon's_cipher
Disused cipher that was used historically
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern
Classical_cipher
Cipher method
The Chaocipher is a cipher method invented by John Francis Byrne in 1918 and described in his 1953 autobiographical Silent Years. He believed Chaocipher
Chaocipher
Type of substitution cipher
pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) is a geometric
Pigpen_cipher
Encryption and decryption method
A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key
Book_cipher
Cryptography algorithm
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a
Cipher
Early block substitution cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution
Playfair_cipher
Class of cipher
are: a cipher method should not be difficult to use it should not be possible for others to recover the plaintext (called 'reading the cipher') in some
Grille_(cryptography)
Cryptographic cipher
The Aristocrat Cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher in which plaintext is replaced with ciphertext and encoded into assorted letters
Aristocrat_Cipher
Simple form of encryption
null cipher, also known as concealment cipher, is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material
Null_cipher
Classic polyalphabet encryption system
An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from
Autokey_cipher
Set of algorithms that help secure a network connection
A cipher suite is a set of algorithms that help secure a network connection. Suites typically use Transport Layer Security (TLS) or its deprecated predecessor
Cipher_suite
Type of cipher
cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building
Block_cipher
German cipher machine during World War II
The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication
Enigma_machine
Set of three ciphertexts
The Beale ciphers are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold, silver and jewels estimated
Beale_ciphers
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, cryptography methods have become increasingly complex
Cryptography
Block cipher
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products. Blowfish provides
Blowfish_(cipher)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up cipher in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A cipher is a method of encryption or decryption. Cipher may also refer to: CIPHER (DOS command), an
Cipher_(disambiguation)
19-20th century cipher used by the US
In 1817, he developed a progressive cipher system based on a 1790 design by Thomas Jefferson, establishing a method that was continuously improved upon
Wadsworth's_cipher
Fundamental tool in cryptography
ciphers, including the Vigenère cipher and Blaise de Vigenère's less well-known autokey cipher. All polyalphabetic ciphers based on the Caesar cipher
Tabula_recta
Decryption of World War II cipher
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Musical algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
music ciphers as distinguished by both the method of encryption and the musical symbols used. Regarding the former, most are simple substitution ciphers with
Music_cipher
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
The Lorenz SZ40, SZ42a, and SZ42b were German rotor stream cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II. They were developed by C. Lorenz
Lorenz_cipher
Encryption and decryption tool consisting of two metal plates with alphabets
encryption method, one could use the much simpler cipher disk. This made both encryption and decryption faster, simpler and less prone to error. The cipher disk
Cipher_disk
Type of symmetric key cipher
stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each
Stream_cipher
Type of cipher used in World War I
In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a manually applied field cipher used by the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was used to transmit messages
ADFGVX_cipher
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
replacement encryption is "non-standard," which means that the symbols require a cipher or key to understand. This type of early encryption was used throughout
Encryption
Stream cipher
(also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR, meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher. While it is remarkable for its simplicity and speed in software, multiple
RC4
Method in cryptanalysis
Kasiski's test or Kasiski's method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenère cipher. It was first published by
Kasiski_examination
Serial killer in California in the 1960s
different cryptogram. They combined to form a 408-symbol cipher (Z408). The writer claimed, "In this cipher is my idenity. [sic]" He demanded the codes be printed
Zodiac_Killer
Type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher
In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide
Running_key_cipher
Fractionated cipher
trifid cipher is a classical cipher invented by Félix Delastelle and described in 1902. Extending the principles of Delastelle's earlier bifid cipher, it
Trifid_cipher
Type of code
Thus, after encryption, we get "xtrkykcy". A more complicated method involves a Bifid cipher without a key (or, in other words, with a key of plain alphabet):
Polybius_square
Puzzle
text. Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is
Cryptogram
Block cipher
In cryptography, FEAL (the Fast data Encipherment Algorithm) is a block cipher proposed as an alternative to the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and designed
FEAL
Cryptographic algorithm
use either stream ciphers or block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bytes), or letters (in substitution ciphers) of a message one
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Enciphered text written by English composer Edward Elgar
The Dorabella Cipher is an enciphered text written by composer Edward Elgar to Dora Penny, which accompanied a plaintext letter dated July 14, 1897. Penny
Dorabella_Cipher
Simple encryption method
substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. It is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed
ROT13
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher and other systems during World War II, it also made possible new methods of cryptography orders of magnitude
Cryptanalysis
Polyalphabetic substitution encryption and decryption system
The Alberti cipher, created in 1467 by Italian architect Leon Battista Alberti, was one of the first polyalphabetic ciphers. In the opening pages of his
Alberti_cipher
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
exchange or agree upon an encryption key and a cipher to use when encrypting data (see § Cipher). Among the methods used for key exchange/agreement are: public
Transport_Layer_Security
Device for decoding a substitution cipher
descendants of the cipher disk developed in the 15th century by Leon Battista Alberti. Rather than the complex polyalphabetic Alberti cipher method, the decoders
Secret_decoder_ring
Manually operated symmetric encryption cipher
In the history of cryptography, the Nihilist cipher is a manually operated symmetric encryption cipher, originally used by Russian Nihilists in the 1880s
Nihilist_cipher
Scavenger hunt based on Gravity Falls
The Cipher Hunt was an alternate reality game and international scavenger hunt created by Alex Hirsch based on his animated series Gravity Falls. The goal
Cipher_Hunt
Interwar Polish-intelligence cryptology agency
The Cipher Bureau (Polish: Biuro Szyfrów [ˈbʲurɔ ˈʂɨfruf] ) was the Second Department of Polish General Staff unit charged with SIGINT and both cryptography
Cipher_Bureau_(Poland)
Encryption technique
The one-time pad (OTP), also known as the Vernam cipher, is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked in cryptography. It requires the use of a single-use
One-time_pad
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers. The proposal was first published in 2007. The GCM algorithm belongs to
Galois/Counter_Mode
Polish decryption device
designed around October 1938 by Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologist Marian Rejewski to break German Enigma-machine ciphers. How the machine came to be called
Bomba_(cryptography)
How often each letter appears in written language
mathematician Al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873), who formally developed the method to break ciphers. Letter frequency analysis gained importance in Europe with the
Letter_frequency
Stream cipher
Rabbit is a high-speed stream cipher from 2003. The algorithm and source code was released in 2008 as public domain software. Rabbit was first presented
Rabbit_(cipher)
Cryptology method
the Polish Cipher Bureau in decrypting German Enigma machine ciphers. The Enigma rotor cipher machine changes plaintext characters into cipher text using
Grill_(cryptology)
15th-century codex in an unknown script
substitution cipher or polyalphabetic cipher. As noted in Bowern's review, the writer or writers of the manuscript may have used two methods of encoding
Voynich_manuscript
Unbroken cipher
The D'Agapeyeff cipher is an unsolved cipher that appears in the first edition of Codes and Ciphers, an elementary book on cryptography published by the
D'Agapeyeff_cipher
Input to a cryptographic primitive
while avoiding the re-issuing of a new key after each block cipher invocation, a method is needed to randomize the input data. In 1980, the NIST published
Initialization_vector
Cryptologic technique used in World War II
The method of Zygalski sheets was a cryptologic technique used by the Polish Cipher Bureau before and during World War II, and during the war also by
Zygalski_sheets
Block cipher
(TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher algorithm three times to each data block. At
Triple_DES
Form of cryptanalysis
In cryptography, the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published
Boomerang_attack
Overview of works by the English philosopher Francis Bacon
Scientiarum. In this later Latin translation, he also presented his cipher method. In this work of 1603, an argument for the progress of knowledge, Bacon
Works_by_Francis_Bacon
Cryptographic primitive
compression functions are often built from block ciphers. Some methods to turn any normal block cipher into a one-way compression function are Davies–Meyer
One-way_compression_function
Encryption technique
The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large
Two-square_cipher
Stream cipher
Trivium is a synchronous stream cipher designed to provide a flexible trade-off between speed and gate count in hardware, and reasonably efficient software
Trivium_(cipher)
Cryptography in the Indian classic treatise Kamasutra
other methods for secret communications like Gudhayojya, Gudhapada and Gudhavarna. Some modern writers on cryptography have christened the ciphers alluded
Mlecchita_vikalpa
Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical
History_of_cryptography
Form of cryptanalysis
affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two
Linear_cryptanalysis
transposition cipher In the serpentine or Route transposition cipher, the plaintext is written down as the cipher above. The only difference lies in the method of
General der Nachrichtenaufklärung Training Referat
General_der_Nachrichtenaufklärung_Training_Referat
Historical article manuscript
The Copiale cipher is an encrypted manuscript created in the 1700s and consisting of 75,000 handwritten characters filling 105 pages in a bound volume
Copiale_cipher
Cryptographic algorithm
PRESENT is a lightweight block cipher, developed by Orange Labs (France), Ruhr University Bochum (Germany) and the Technical University of Denmark in 2007
PRESENT
Message authentication code algorithm
a method of taking a block cipher and creating an efficient message authentication code that is reducible in security to the underlying block cipher. PMAC
PMAC_(cryptography)
Method for writing secret messages
solution is to obtain the grille itself. The method is slow and requires literary skill. Above all, any physical cipher device is subject to loss, theft and seizure;
Cardan_grille
Polish mathematician and cryptologist (1905–1980)
who in late 1932 reconstructed the sight-unseen German military Enigma cipher machine. Over the next nearly seven years, Rejewski and fellow mathematician-cryptologists
Marian_Rejewski
US cryptographic equipment
powerful method in theory, made many mistakes so the system was compromised, letting multiple Axis countries decipher it. Like most classical ciphers, strip
M-94_(cipher_machine)
Block cipher
In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Encrypted information
result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it
Ciphertext
an encryption method to store separate initial states for every sector on disk—seemingly a waste of space. The alternative, a block cipher, is limited to
Disk_encryption_theory
International standard
Codes (MACs) – Part 1: Mechanisms using a block cipher is an international standard that defines methods for calculating a message authentication code (MAC)
ISO/IEC_9797-1
Cryptographic method
of the same codebook. If they use a cipher, they will need appropriate keys. If the cipher is a symmetric key cipher, both will need a copy of the same
Key_exchange
Method in cryptography
Sorting [0,1,2,3] by weight gives [3,1,2,0], so the cipher is F(0) = 3 F(1) = 1 F(2) = 2 F(3) = 0 This method is only useful for small values of N. For larger
Format-preserving_encryption
Cryptographic cipher device
codes, designing the first variable length cipher, although this was still a substitution cipher: With that cipher, La vigilanza di papa Clemente fu grande
Straddling_checkerboard
Study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext
letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers. Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in
Frequency_analysis
Alternative Shakespeare authorship theory
$5,000 in damages. Orville Ward Owen had such conviction of his own cipher method that, in 1909, he began excavating the bed of the River Wye, near Chepstow
Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship
Baconian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship
Cipher system attributed to Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson disk, also called the Bazeries cylinder or wheel cypher, is a cipher system commonly attributed to Thomas Jefferson that uses a set of wheels
Jefferson_disk
Method of cryptanalysis
the paper has also been accepted for presentation at Eurocrypt 2009. A cipher is vulnerable if an output bit can be represented as a sufficiently low
Cube_attack
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, raising suspicions about a backdoor
Data_Encryption_Standard
Attack model for cryptanalysis with access to both plaintext and ciphertext
and keysettings of the Enigma. The Polish Cipher Bureau had likewise exploited "cribs" in the "ANX method" before World War II (the Germans' use of "AN"
Known-plaintext_attack
Methods to break a stream cipher
Stream ciphers, where plaintext bits are combined with a cipher bit stream by an exclusive-or operation (xor), can be secure if used properly.[citation
Stream_cipher_attacks
Aspect of WWII Allied intelligence gathering
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher was the process that enabled the British to read high-level German army messages during World War II. The British Government
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Lorenz_cipher
Cryptologic device
designed, "probably in 1934 or 1935," by Marian Rejewski of the Polish Cipher Bureau's German section (BS-4), to catalog the cycle structure of Enigma
Cyclometer
Symmetric encryption cipher
The four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was invented by the French cryptographer Felix Delastelle. The technique encrypts
Four-square_cipher
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
then be used to encrypt subsequent communications using a symmetric-key cipher. The scheme was published by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in 1976
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense,
Differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Prince is a block cipher targeting low latency, unrolled hardware implementations. It is based on the so-called FX construction. Its most notable feature
Prince_(cipher)
US Electronic Body Music and trance band
Exploration In Trance (with Massiv in Mensch, Artoffact Records, 2002) Cipher Method (Out Of Line, Sector 9 Studios, February 2003) Moving Past The Boundaries
Negative_Format
Method for decrypting German Enigma ciphers
cryptography, the clock was a method devised by Polish mathematician-cryptologist Jerzy Różycki, at the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau, to facilitate decrypting
Clock_(cryptography)
Block cipher
cryptography, Corrected Block TEA (often referred to as XXTEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in the original Block TEA. XXTEA is vulnerable
XXTEA
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