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Disk encryption is a special case of data at rest protection when the storage medium is a sector-addressable device (e.g., a hard disk). This article presents
Disk_encryption_theory
Data security technology
people or processes. Disk encryption uses disk encryption software or hardware to encrypt every bit of data that goes on a disk or disk volume. It is used
Disk_encryption
Computer security software
Disk encryption software is a computer security software that protects the confidentiality of data stored on computer media (e.g., a hard disk, floppy
Disk_encryption_software
This is a technical feature comparison of different disk encryption software. Hidden containers: Whether hidden containers (an encrypted container (A)
Comparison of disk encryption software
Comparison_of_disk_encryption_software
and encryption theory, see disk encryption theory. The encryption of data can take place in many points in a storage network. The point of encryption may
Array controller based encryption
Array_controller_based_encryption
Attack on disk encryption methods
on disk encryption methods where the presence of a specially crafted piece of data can be detected by an attacker without knowing the encryption key
Watermarking_attack
components used for cryptography, encryption, digital signatures, authentication, secure communication, disk encryption, public-key infrastructure, and
List of cryptographic software
List_of_cryptographic_software
Encryption techniques where an adversary cannot prove that the plaintext data exists
In cryptography and steganography, plausibly deniable encryption describes encryption techniques in which the existence of an encrypted file or message
Deniable_encryption
Encryption system for FreeBSD
GBDE, standing for GEOM Based Disk Encryption, is a block device-layer disk encryption system written for FreeBSD, initially introduced in version 5.0
GBDE
Cryptography algorithm
XTS) and wide-block encryption modes (CMC and EME) are designed to securely encrypt sectors of a disk (see disk encryption theory). Many modes use an
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
In cryptography, encryption (more specifically, encoding) is the process of transforming information in a way that, ideally, only authorized parties can
Encryption
media or in computer memory. Disk encryption Disk encryption theory Disk encryption software Comparison of disk encryption software BitLocker Encrypting
List of cybersecurity information technologies
List_of_cybersecurity_information_technologies
Disk encryption software
superuser. The fact that disk encryption (volume encryption) software like dm-crypt only deals with transparent encryption of abstract block devices
Dm-crypt
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography
Coding_theory
Apple disk encryption software
FileVault is a disk encryption program in Mac OS X 10.3 Panther (2003) and later. It performs on-the-fly encryption with volumes on Mac computers. FileVault
FileVault
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛindaːl], RAIN-dahl), is a specification for
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Discontinued source-available disk encryption utility
source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption (OTFE). It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt a partition, or encrypt
TrueCrypt
Security and privacy measure
Database encryption can generally be defined as a process that uses an algorithm to transform data stored in a database into "cipher text" that is incomprehensible
Database_encryption
Type of cipher
then some interesting new operation modes become possible. The disk encryption theory article describes some of these modes. Block ciphers traditionally
Block_cipher
Secure communications method
disk encryption is also distinct from E2EE because it does not prevent the service provider from viewing the information, as they have the encryption
End-to-end_encryption
Block cypher operating mode
mode), it is one of the more popular modes of operation for whole-disk encryption. XEX is also a common form of key whitening, and part of some smart
Xor–encrypt–xor
Electro-mechanical data storage device
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical computer data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data
Hard_disk_drive
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
"Probabilistic encryption & how to play mental poker keeping secret all partial information". Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
RSA_cryptosystem
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, converting readable information (plaintext) to unintelligible nonsense
Cryptography
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a
Cipher
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
Retrieved 26 December 2012. M. Henson and S. Taylor "Beyond full disk encryption:protection on security-enhanced commodity processors", "Proceedings
Digital_data
Clemens (2005-07-18). "New Methods in Hard Disk Encryption" (PDF). Institute for Computer Languages, Theory and Logic Group, Vienna University of Technology
TrueCrypt_version_history
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
and so on. Traditionally spaces and punctuation are removed prior to encryption and reintroduced afterwards. In this example the tenth letter of the plaintext
Vigenère_cipher
Encryption technique
the OTP the only known encryption system that is mathematically proven to be unbreakable under the principles of information theory. Digital versions of
One-time_pad
(called the host) to behave like another computer system. encryption In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding information. This process converts
Glossary_of_computer_science
Simple and widely known encryption technique
A Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each
Caesar_cipher
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
signature detection is to use simple encryption to encipher (encode) the body of the virus, leaving only the encryption module and a static cryptographic
Computer_virus
Malicious software used in ransom demands
implementation mistakes, leaked cryptographic keys or a complete lack of encryption in the ransomware. Ransomware attacks are typically carried out using
Ransomware
Legislation that requires individuals to surrender cryptographic keys to law enforcement
discovered. The device was seized and powered-down, at which point disk encryption technology made the evidence unavailable. The judge held that it was
Key_disclosure_law
Journaling file system for Linux
journal is one of the most used files of the disk. This feature has a side benefit: it can safely avoid a disk I/O wait during journaling, improving performance
Ext4
Communications Security Establishment • Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems • Comparison of disk encryption software • Comparison of SSH clients • Completeness
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Check Sequence FDC—Floppy-Disk Controller FDD—Frequency-Division Duplexing FDD—Floppy Disk Drive FDE—Full disk encryption FDDI—Fiber Distributed Data
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
1977 – RSA public key encryption invented. 1978 – Robert McEliece invents the McEliece cryptosystem, the first asymmetric encryption algorithm to use randomization
Timeline_of_cryptography
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
computation, formulation or composition), processing (including encoding, encryption, compression, packaging), transmission (including all telecommunication
Information
for SuperMac Mass Storage Products. The company merged with Data Recovery Disk Repair in 1994 and retained the DriveSavers name. In 2008, DriveSavers invested
DriveSavers
Form of message tampering
to be able to perform. Evil maid attack – attack used against full disk encryption systems Interlock protocol – a specific protocol to circumvent a MITM
Man-in-the-middle_attack
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
no-cloning theorem, and the principle of superposition to perform encryption tasks. Quantum encryption plays a crucial role in the secure processing, storage, and
Quantum_cryptography
Encryption tool used to perform a transposition cipher
hypothesis is that the scytale was used for message authentication rather than encryption. Only if the sender wrote the message around a scytale of the same diameter
Scytale
American computer scientist (born c. 1981)
cold boot attack against disk encryption, which allows an attacker with physical access to a computer device to extract encryption keys or other secrets
J._Alex_Halderman
American cryptographer, computer security expert
Elinor (July 30, 2008), Disk encryption is no silver bullet, researchers say: Researchers tell how to steal disk encryption key and sensitive data off
Nadia_Heninger
Copy-on-write file system
support for encryption was planned for Btrfs. In the meantime, a workaround for combining encryption with Btrfs is to use a full-disk encryption mechanism
Btrfs
Method of bypassing authentication or encryption in a computer
backdoor is a typically covert method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer, product, embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment
Backdoor_(computing)
American cipher machine
ECM Mark II was a cipher machine used by the United States for message encryption from World War II until the 1950s. The machine was also known as the SIGABA
SIGABA
Property of some cryptosystems
Ciphertext indistinguishability is a property of many encryption schemes. Intuitively, if a cryptosystem possesses the property of indistinguishability
Ciphertext indistinguishability
Ciphertext_indistinguishability
Proprietary file system developed by Microsoft
(to prevent disk checking from being impractically slow or disruptive), along with abstraction or virtualization between physical disks and logical volumes
ReFS
Musical algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a music cipher is an algorithm for the encryption of a plaintext into musical symbols or sounds. Music-based ciphers are related to, but
Music_cipher
Japanese diplomatic code named Purple by the US
"Type B Cipher Machine", codenamed Purple by the United States, was an encryption machine used by the Japanese Foreign Office from February 1939 to the
Type_B_Cipher_Machine
Computing concept
WOM technology, because they are programmed at a factory with certain encryption keys that can not directly be read by a card reader. Instead the keys
Write-only memory (engineering)
Write-only_memory_(engineering)
RAID acronyms. Row diagonal parity (RDP) is a scheme where one dedicated disk of parity is in a horizontal "row" like in RAID 4, but the other dedicated
Non-standard_RAID_levels
Overview of computer engineering topics
SDRAM Flash memory Memory scrubbing Data striping Hard disk drive performance characteristics Disk sector Operating system Multiprocessing Concurrent computing
Computer engineering compendium
Computer_engineering_compendium
Albert Einstein's hypothetical situations to argue scientific points
technological advances in quantum computing, quantum encryption, and quantum information theory. Einstein was very disappointed in the physics curriculum
Einstein's thought experiments
Einstein's_thought_experiments
domains: Medical tomography Network packet transfer Distributed storage on disks or networks Image fingerprinting and image cryptography schemes After one
Mojette_transform
Data storage device
access storage, unlike a hard disk drive, which provides direct access storage. A disk drive can move to any position on the disk in a few milliseconds, but
Tape_drive
Type of cryptographic attack
vulnerabilities associated with the birthday attack, it cannot be used to break an encryption scheme any faster than a brute-force attack. As an example, consider the
Birthday_attack
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
blocking behavior, large bulk reads from /dev/random, such as filling a hard disk drive with random bits, can often be slow on systems that use this type of
Random_number_generation
German cipher machine during World War II
positions, although it did not move during encryption. In the Abwehr Enigma, the reflector stepped during encryption in a manner similar to the other wheels
Enigma_machine
Consistency among data between source and target data stores
mobile device synchronization. Data synchronization can also be useful in encryption for synchronizing public key servers. Data synchronization is needed to
Data_synchronization
Stream ciphers
(256 GiB). For applications where this is not enough, such as file or disk encryption, RFC 7539 proposes using the original algorithm with 64-bit nonce.
Salsa20
Hiding messages in other messages
interest and may in themselves be incriminating in countries in which encryption is illegal. Whereas cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents
Steganography
Remembered information in a computer system
streams of data, such as parsers, firewalls, communication protocols and encryption. Serial programs operate on the incoming data characters or packets sequentially
State_(computer_science)
Software designed to enable access to unauthorized locations in a computer
in this way can be used to attack full disk encryption systems. An example of such an attack on disk encryption is the "evil maid attack", in which an
Rootkit
American journalist and author (born 1975)
writes in detail about Le Roux's evolution from encryption programmer and the author of E4M disk encryption software, to creator of an online pill empire
Evan_Ratliff
Blakey's scheme Shamir's secret sharing Symmetric (secret key) encryption: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), winner of NIST competition, also known as Rijndael
List_of_algorithms
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
China since May 2015. This was done after Wikipedia started to use HTTPS encryption, which made selective censorship more difficult. In 2017–18, after a barrage
Wikipedia
Interface used for connecting storage devices
maintaining service availability during migration, Key Per I/O for applying encryption keys at a per-operation level, NVMe-MI High Availability Out of Band Management
NVM_Express
Set of technologies introduced for the Classic Mac OS
installations, and a number of additional technologies such as Open Directory, encryption, and digital signature support. AOCE and PowerTalk were heavily marketed
Apple Open Collaboration Environment
Apple_Open_Collaboration_Environment
2006 Microsoft operating system version
computer's motherboard, or with a USB key. However, as with other full disk encryption technologies, BitLocker is vulnerable to a cold boot attack, especially
Windows_Vista
Model of concurrent computation
etc. operating systems as in capability-based systems signing and/or encryption of actors and their addresses A delicate point in the actor model is the
Actor_model
Monitoring of computer or network activity
interception of data in transit, encryption is a key defense. When properly implemented with end-to-end encryption, or while using tools such as Tor
Computer and network surveillance
Computer_and_network_surveillance
US cryptographic equipment
well as to failure of embassies to get updated keys and strips. Jefferson disk "M-94 Cipher Device". International Spy Museum. Retrieved 2023-02-14. Friedman
M-94_(cipher_machine)
Computing concept
of its main goals and has always worked on increasing its entropy for encryption but also for randomising many parts of the OS, including various internal
Entropy_(computing)
Organized collection of data in computing
comprise, concluding specific valid credit-card numbers; e.g., see data encryption). Change and access logging records who accessed which attributes, what
Database
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
Retrieved 28 March 2019. Crothers, Brooke. "SanDisk to begin making 'X4' flash chips". CNET. Crothers, Brooke. "SanDisk ships 'X4' flash chips". CNET. Archived
Flash_memory
Anti-virus software
uninfected system disk. Most often, this can either be the rescue disk created, or the original MS-DOS system installation disk, followed by the Norton
Norton_AntiVirus
Libsodium – fork of NaCl VeraCrypt – disk encryption software forked from TrueCrypt LUKS – standard for disk encryption on Linux systems Nym (mixnet) - mix
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
Device used to perform financial transactions
included an encoded card reader and described a system that utilized encryption techniques to assure telephone link security while entering personal ID
ATM
Branch of forensic science
including the increasing size of digital media, the wide availability of encryption to consumers, a growing variety of operating systems and file formats
Digital_forensics
October 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2015. "British Document Outlines Early Encryption Discovery". archive.nytimes.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-08
Timeline of computing 1950–1979
Timeline_of_computing_1950–1979
Cryptographic hash function
accidental corruption. Linus Torvalds said about Git in 2007: If you have disk corruption, if you have DRAM corruption, if you have any kind of problems
SHA-1
Mathematical concept in graph theory
applied to encryption and decryption problems. In these applications, efficient dominating nodes serve as centers of subnetworks in the encryption scheme
Efficient_dominating_set
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
modular framework that provides RAID (levels 0, 1, 3 currently), full disk encryption, journaling, concatenation, caching, and access to network-backed storage
FreeBSD
Annual computing prize
contributions" to computer security, including the Blowfish and Twofish encryption algorithms. Erickson also noted that Schneier was the author of eight
Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming Award
Dr._Dobb's_Excellence_in_Programming_Award
Peer-to-peer Internet platform for censorship-resistant communication
knowing anything about files except Hyphanet has caching, a layer of strong encryption, and no reliance on centralized structures. This allows users to publish
Hyphanet
Virtual private network provider
solely on random-access memory (RAM), without the need of hard disk drives. In theory, as soon as a computer is shut down, all information on the server
ExpressVPN
Computational concept
generate a longer pseudo-random key, which then can be used for public key encryption. More specifically, when a strong extractor is used its output will appear
Randomness_extractor
Computer malware timeline
process stole all available disk space. When users tried to save files, the operating system advised them that the disk was full and that they needed
Timeline of computer viruses and worms
Timeline_of_computer_viruses_and_worms
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
another operating system or tool from a CD-ROM or other bootable media. Disk encryption and the Trusted Platform Module standard are designed to prevent these
Computer_security
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
communications. End-to-end encryption generally protects both confidentiality and integrity. Examples of end-to-end encryption include HTTPS for web traffic
Computer_network
Software to protect against malicious software
hampered by active anti-virus software. For example, TrueCrypt, a disk encryption program, states on its troubleshooting page that anti-virus programs
Antivirus_software
Media needing electronic means for access
pulse-code modulation (PCM) for telephone communications. Electronic encryption, which allowed for the secure transmission of information over electronic
Electronic_media
Programmable machine that processes data
successes in breaking encrypted German military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical
Computer
Phenomenon associated with solid state storage
to remove all user data from a drive. With an SSD without integrated encryption, this command will put the drive back to its original out-of-box state
Write_amplification
Rapid Web app development platform
search engine, the server scope, and template encoding (called then "encryption"). Version 3.1, released in Jan 1998, added RDS support as well as a port
Adobe_ColdFusion
27710174×1057), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 192-bit key space (symmetric cipher). Cosmology: 8×1060
Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)
of moving images over a radio system used mechanical rotating perforated disks to scan a scene into a time-varying signal that could be reconstructed at
History_of_television
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
Boy/Male
Teutonic American English German Shakespearean
Rules the people.
Male
Egyptian
, the most lovely Disk.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Swedish, Teutonic
Rich and Powerful Ruler; Powerful; Rich Ruler; Dominant Ruler; Peaceful Ruler; Strong Power; Hardy Power; Powerful Ruler; Brave; First of the People
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Ruler of People
Male
Egyptian
, disk.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Scandinavian
Fisherman; Fish
Boy/Male
Swedish English
Fisherman.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : unexplained. The name has been recorded in Glastonbury, Somerset, since 1705.Perhaps a variant of Czech LiÅ¡ka, (see Liska), Slovak LÃÅ¡ka, or German Liske.
Male
Dutch
, people's ruler.
Girl/Female
Norse
Spirited.
Girl/Female
Norse Greek
Spirited.
Male
German
 Short form of German Diederick, DIRK means "first of the people; king of nations."
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Greek, Norse, Scandinavian, Swedish
Active Spirit; Goddess; Double
Boy/Male
German Teutonic American Dutch English
Dagger.
Male
English
 Short form of English Richard, DICK means "powerful ruler." Compare with another form of Dick.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Diss in Suffolk, which gets its name from a Norman pronunciation of Middle English diche, Old English dīc ‘ditch’, ‘dike’ (see Dyke).German : habitational name from Dissen near the Teutoburg forest.
Girl/Female
British, English
Direction
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : metonymic occupational name for a fisherman or fish seller, or a nickname for someone supposedly resembling a fish in some way, from Old Norse fiskr ‘fish’ (cognate with Old English fisc).
Boy/Male
Australian, Egyptian
Sun Disk
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Indian, Netherlands, Scandinavian, Swedish, Swiss, Teutonic
Ruler of the People; Form of Derek; First of the People; King of Nations
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
Male
Croatian
, silent peace.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sanmugha | ஸஂமà¯à®•à®¾Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Marudham | மாரà¯à®¤à®¾à®®
From the lush green fields
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German, Latin, Romanian, Swiss
In Bloom; Florence; Blooming
Boy/Male
Tamil
Quite nature
Boy/Male
Hindu
Full-moon day, Ruler
Girl/Female
Indian
Elegant, Witty, Graceful
Girl/Female
English French
Medieval male name adopted as a feminine name.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Beautiful One
Male
Slovene
Short form of Slovene FranÄiÅ¡ek, FRANÄŒ means "French."
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
DISK ENCRYPTION-THEORY
v. t.
To put in a dish, ready for the table.
v. t.
To make concave, or depress in the middle, like a dish; as, to dish a wheel by inclining the spokes.
n.
Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as, the dusk of the evening.
n.
A flat, circular plate; as, a disk of metal or paper.
v. t.
To stab with a dirk.
n.
A disk. See Disk.
a.
Disk-shaped; discoid.
n.
To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication.
n.
The lower side of the body of some invertebrates, especially when used for locomotion, when it is often called a creeping disk.
n.
A circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood disc, a germinal disc, etc. Same as Disk.
n.
The state of being concave, or like a dish, or the degree of such concavity; as, the dish of a wheel.
n.
The food served in a dish; hence, any particular kind of food; as, a cold dish; a warm dish; a delicious dish. "A dish fit for the gods."
v. t.
To make dusk.
v. i.
To grow dusk.
n.
In owls, the space around the eyes.
v. t.
To shut up, as in a desk; to treasure.
n.
A circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood disk; germinal disk, etc.
n.
To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle.