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Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
Lorenz SZ40, SZ42a, and SZ42b were German rotor stream cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II. They were developed by C. Lorenz AG
Lorenz_cipher
Aspect of WWII Allied intelligence gathering
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher was the process that enabled the British to read high-level German army messages during World War II. The British Government
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Lorenz_cipher
World War II German cipher machine and teleprinter
role to the Lorenz cipher machines in the German Army. The British cryptanalysts of Bletchley Park codenamed the German teleprinter ciphers Fish, with
Siemens_and_Halske_T52
Early British cryptanalysis computer
codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean and
Colossus_computer
WWII code-breaking site
communications of the Axis powers – most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox,
Bletchley_Park
Mechanical cipher machine
It was a rotor machine similar to a telecipher machine, such as the Lorenz cipher and the Geheimfernschreiber. Basic operation of the M-209 is relatively
M-209
British designation for intelligence from decrypted enemy communications
were used, principally the Lorenz SZ 40/42 (codenamed "Tunny" by the British) and Geheimfernschreiber ("Sturgeon"). These cipher systems were cryptanalysed
Ultra_(cryptography)
German electrical and electronics company
tubes, and Germany's most secure communications device, the Lorenz cipher machine. Lorenz owned 25% of Focke-Wulf, the German aircraft firm that built
C._Lorenz_AG
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
engineering. (And on occasion, ciphers have been broken through pure deduction; for example, the German Lorenz cipher and the Japanese Purple code, and
Cryptanalysis
Military code use and breaking during the Second World War
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, was eventually called Ultra. A similar break into the most secure Japanese diplomatic cipher, designated Purple by
World_War_II_cryptography
English computer scientist (1912–1954)
against the Lorenz cipher messages produced by the Germans' new Geheimschreiber (secret writer) machine. This was a teleprinter rotor cipher attachment
Alan_Turing
British-Canadian codebreaker and mathematician (1917–2002)
he made a fundamental advance in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, a major Nazi German cipher system which was used for top-secret communications within
W._T._Tutte
Decryption of World War II cipher
Ultra communications intelligence from the decrypting of Enigma, Lorenz, and other ciphers shortened the war substantially and may even have altered its
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
British codebreaking device of WW2
of the Lorenz cipher. This achieved the decryption of messages in the German teleprinter cipher produced by the Lorenz SZ40/42 in-line cipher machine
Heath Robinson (codebreaking machine)
Heath_Robinson_(codebreaking_machine)
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
programmable computer, which assisted in the decryption of ciphers generated by the German Army's Lorenz SZ40/42 machine. Extensive open academic research into
Cryptography
Methods to break a stream cipher
Tiltman accomplished this with the Lorenz cipher (dubbed "Tunny"). With an average personal computer, such ciphers can usually be broken in minutes. If
Stream_cipher_attacks
Cryptanalytic process developed by Alan Turing during World War II
applied in Turingery and all the other methods used for breaking the Lorenz cipher. The aim of Banburismus was to reduce the time required of the electromechanical
Banburismus
British businessman and wartime codebreaker (1920–2014)
1945. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on the Lorenz cipher system – Hitler's most top-level code. Jerry Roberts was born in Wembley
Jerry_Roberts
British military officer and cryptographer (1894–1982)
association with Bill Tutte on the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, the German teleprinter cipher, called "Tunny" (for tunafish) at Bletchley Park, led
John_Tiltman
Former British intelligence agency
understanding the German Enigma machine and Lorenz ciphers. In 1940, GC&CS was working on the diplomatic codes and ciphers of 26 countries, tackling over 150 diplomatic
Government Code and Cypher School
Government_Code_and_Cypher_School
level. These were the Enigma machine, the teleprinter cipher attachment (Lorenz cipher), and the cipher teleprinter the Siemens and Halske T52, (Siemens T-43)
German Army cryptographic systems of World War II
German_Army_cryptographic_systems_of_World_War_II
Allied codename for Nazi German teleprinter stream ciphers
transmissions were known as Fish at Bletchley Park. (See Lorenz cipher, Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher.) The German army used Fish for communications between
Fish_(cryptography)
2014 film by Morten Tyldum
suggestion that Enigma was the only German cipher broken at Bletchley Park. The breaking of the Lorenz cipher, codenamed "Tunny", arguably made just as
The_Imitation_Game
German cipher machine during World War II
Ultra communications intelligence from the decrypting of Enigma, Lorenz, and other ciphers shortened the war substantially and may even have altered its
Enigma_machine
WWII-era Allied cipher system
codebreakers had much success reading the equivalent German machine, the Lorenz cipher, their German counterparts, although performing some initial analysis
Combined_Cipher_Machine
Manual codebreaking method
was for use in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher produced by the SZ40 and SZ42 teleprinter rotor stream cipher machines, one of the Germans' Geheimschreiber
Turingery
Electromechanical multi-pole switch controlled by a chain of pulses
than a series of pulses in the Colossus to cryptanalyse the German Lorenz ciphers. In a uniselector, the stepping switch steps only along or around one
Stepping_switch
English engineer (1905–1998)
cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. This was a high-level German code generated by a teletypewriter in-line cipher machine, the Lorenz SZ40/42, one of their
Tommy_Flowers
Type of symmetric key cipher
stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each
Stream_cipher
Serbian WWII double agent (1912–1981)
for this deception, which corroborated Bletchley Park's decryption of Lorenz cipher machine messages.[citation needed] Popov was famous for his playboy
Duško_Popov
Type of parallel computing architecture of tightly coupled nodes
seen in Colossus, which was an early computer used to break German Lorenz ciphers during World War II. Due to the classified nature of Colossus, they
Systolic_array
American cryptographer (1890–1960)
operator's mistake of this sort famously allowed the Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher by the British at Bletchley Park during World War II. They diagnosed
Gilbert_Vernam
British electronic engineer
His booklet Colossus 1943–1996 outlines the breaking of the German Lorenz cipher and his remarkable rebuilding of the Colossus computer. As a result
Tony_Sale
Device control code used to alert operators
(PDF) from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-11. "The Lorenz Cipher and how Bletchley Park broke it". www.codesandciphers.org.uk. Retrieved
Bell_character
British signals intelligence agency
understanding the German Enigma machine and Lorenz ciphers. In 1940, GC&CS was working on the diplomatic codes and ciphers of 26 countries, tackling over 150 diplomatic
GCHQ
The Post Office Research Laboratories in London, to crack the German Lorenz cipher (SZ42). Colossus was used at Bletchley Park during World War II – as
Timeline_of_cryptography
Colossus computer for Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Georges Painvin French, broke the ADFGVX cipher during the First World War. Marian Rejewski
List_of_cryptographers
transmitter and a machine transmitter from the company C Lorenz AG, the company which made the Lorenz cipher machine. However, the machine transmitter had numerous
Stadelheim_Transmitter
Government organisations in the UK
Turing, worked on cryptanalysis of the Enigma (codenamed Ultra) and Lorenz cipher, and also a large number of other enemy systems. Winston Churchill was
British_intelligence_agencies
Museum in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
secure 12-rotor Lorenz SZ teleprinter cipher attachments, which is told in these two galleries. The Tunny gallery exhibits one of the few Lorenz SZ42 machines
The National Museum of Computing
The_National_Museum_of_Computing
British artificial intelligence researcher
Park, contributing to the effort to solve "Tunny", a German teleprinter cipher. He founded The Turing Institute in Glasgow in 1982, alongside Peter Mowforth
Donald_Michie
World War 2 codebreaker
computer, that helped to decode encrypted German messages using the Lorenz cipher. After the war, he designed ERNIE, a machine based on Colossus engineering
Harry_Fensom
Japanese diplomatic code named Purple by the US
for European Characters" (九七式欧文印字機 kyūnana-shiki ōbun injiki) or "Type B Cipher Machine", codenamed Purple by the United States, was an encryption machine
Type_B_Cipher_Machine
Town in Brandenburg, Germany
Strausberg housed a switching centre for teleprinter links encrypted by the Lorenz cipher from Hitler and the High Command to various Army Group commanders (see
Strausberg
Cipher system attributed to Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson disk, also called the Bazeries cylinder or wheel cypher, is a cipher system commonly attributed to Thomas Jefferson that uses a set of wheels
Jefferson_disk
Early system for transmitting text over wires
attachment (German: Schlüssel-Zusatz, "cipher attachment") that was used for enciphering telegrams, using the Lorenz cipher, between German High Command (OKW)
Electrical_telegraph
1977 English TV series
Speer. This episode covers the story of the Enigma machine and the Lorenz cipher and how, after valuable initial work by the Polish intelligence service
The_Secret_War_(TV_series)
Topics referred to by the same term
solutions Lorenz gauge condition, in electromagnetism Lorenz curve, an income distribution curve Lorenz cipher, a German cryptography machine St. Lorenz, Nuremberg
Lorenz_(disambiguation)
Type of Morse code operating signal
maintain circuit connections. In particular: QEP was to indicate the Lorenz cipher machine setting for each message and, QZZ to indicate that the daily
Q_code
Role and use of available technology in World War II
Cipher Bureau, which had been decoding early versions of Enigma before the war. Later, they also accomplished the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher.
Technology during World War II
Technology_during_World_War_II
British cipher machine
Typex (also spelled Type X or TypeX) was the primary cipher machine used by the British military during World War II, and into the early Cold War. Based
Typex
British engineer
intelligence gained from cryptanalysis of the Enigma and cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher Joseph Desch — the research director of the project to design and manufacture
Harold_Keen
Class of electromechanical encryption devices, used widely from the 1920s to the 1970s
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting messages. Rotor machines were the cryptographic
Rotor_machine
Tommy Flowers of the GPO to decipher the coded messages of the German Lorenz cipher machine. Also developed at this time were advanced clandestine radio
History of electrical engineering
History_of_electrical_engineering
First generation programmable computers
(cryptanalysis) electronic digital computer. It was used in breaking the German Lorenz cipher; and superseded the Heath Robinson (codebreaking machine). A working
List_of_vacuum-tube_computers
via YouTube. "Scorpion Ciphers". Cipher Mysteries. Retrieved 2024-07-04. Elonka Dunin's list of famous unsolved codes and ciphers Noita's Eye Messages
List_of_ciphertexts
Intelligence-gathering by interception of signals
Cypher School at Bletchley Park. Properly used, the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers should have been virtually unbreakable, but flaws in German cryptographic
Signals_intelligence
British electrical engineer (born 1942)
electronic computer, used to break German wartime codes, particularly the Lorenz cipher. He played an important role in the development of the world's first
Andrew_Karney
US cryptographic equipment
back and forth in a frame; with 30 being selected for each cipher session. The strip cipher could interoperate with the M-94 if suitable strips were provided
M-94_(cipher_machine)
British research institution
Mark 2s. These were used at Bletchley Park in Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Dollis Hill also built the predecessor of Colossus, the Heath Robinson
Post_Office_Research_Station
the British Tunny machine which was used in decoding messages in the Lorenz Cipher Lady Jean Fforde Harold Fletcher; Hut 6, involved in Bombe administration
List of people associated with Bletchley Park
List_of_people_associated_with_Bletchley_Park
Japanese World War II cipher machine
War II cipher machine. The Imperial Japanese Navy used the machine for communications from late 1942 until 1944. JADE was similar to another cipher machine
JADE_(cipher_machine)
Calendar year
United States waters are taken into "protective custody". A German Lorenz cipher machine operator sends a 4,000-character message twice, allowing British
1941
Segura, Spanish monk – Ruy Lopez opening in chess. Carl Lorenz, German businessman - Lorenz cipher. Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist – Lorentz force, Lorentz
List_of_eponyms_(L–Z)
Cipher machine
Rockex, or Telekrypton, was an offline one-time tape Vernam cipher machine known to have been used by Britain and Canada from 1943. It was developed by
Rockex
Codebreaker Bill Tutte (1917–2002) developed the Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, which Hitler used to communicate with his generals in World War II
List of English inventions and discoveries
List_of_English_inventions_and_discoveries
Encryption and decryption tool consisting of two metal plates with alphabets
A cipher disk is an enciphering and deciphering tool developed in 1470 by the Italian architect and author Leon Battista Alberti. He constructed a device
Cipher_disk
New Zealand codebreaker (1923–2008)
responsible for the teleprinter room in the Newmanry, where Tunny (Lorenz cipher) messages were received from the main intercept station located in Kent
Catherine_Caughey
19-20th century cipher used by the US
Wadsworth's cipher, or Wheatstone's cipher, was a cipher invented by Decius Wadsworth, a Colonel in the United States Army Ordnance Corps. In 1817, he
Wadsworth's_cipher
LOKI97 • Lorenz cipher • Louis W. Tordella • Lsh • Lucifer (cipher) • Lyra2 M6 (cipher) • M8 (cipher) • M-209 • M-325 • M-94 • MacGuffin (cipher) • Madryga
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Section at Bletchley Park
and employ statistical and machine methods in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. It worked very closely with the Testery where a complementary set of
Newmanry
Encryption tool used to perform a transposition cipher
cylinder", also σκύταλον skútalon) is a tool used to perform a transposition cipher, consisting of a cylinder with a strip of parchment wound around it on which
Scytale
American television documentary series
a wavy line called Mem to represent water. During World War II, the Lorenz cipher turned letters into numbers. In Britain, Colossus was the name of an
Big_History_(TV_series)
American engineer
German Lorenz Cipher was Broken at Bletchley Park. Dallas, TX: Cragon Books. OCLC 1123934032. Cragon, Harvey (2005). Royal Navy Codes and Ciphers in the
Harvey_Cragon
British accountant and administrator
supervised a section named the Testery for breaking Tunny (a Fish cipher). The Lorenz cipher machine had twelve wheels, and was thus most advanced, complex
Ralph_Tester
Section at Bletchley Park
three shifts working round the clock. Allen Coombs Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher Cryptanalysis of the Enigma Kenyon 2019, p. 23. Good, Michie & Timms
Testery
Japanese cipher machine
Typewriter for European Characters") or Angōki Taipu-A (暗号機 タイプA; Type A Cipher Machine), codenamed Red by the United States, was a diplomatic cryptographic
Type_A_Cipher_Machine
1950s cipher machines by Crypto AG
(Hagelin) C-52 and CX-52 were cipher machines manufactured by Crypto AG starting 1951/1952. These pin-and-lug type cipher machines were advanced successors
C-52_(cipher_machine)
City in Buckinghamshire, England
British and American cryptographers at Bletchley Park broke a large number of Axis codes and ciphers, including the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers.
Milton_Keynes
Caesar cipher ROT13 Affine cipher Atbash cipher Keyword cipher Polyalphabetic substitution Vigenère cipher Autokey cipher Homophonic substitution cipher Polygraphic
Outline_of_cryptography
1930s invention by Swede Boris Hagelin
C-35 and C-36 were cipher machines designed by Swedish cryptographer Boris Hagelin in the 1930s. These were the first of Hagelin's cipher machines to feature
C-36_(cipher_machine)
German cipher system
The Reihenschieber (English: Row Slider) was a hand cipher system used by the German Bundeswehr. It was developed during 1957 and used until the early
Reihenschieber
Swedish mathematician, professor, and author (1925–2012)
Gripenstiernas cipher-Machine 1786, the National Defense Radio Establishment, Bromma, 1999 Thus the Z machine was broken - reconstruction of the Lorenz SZ40 /
Bengt_Beckman
Encrypted telephone system
C-36 C-52 CD-57 Cipher disk HC-9 Kryha Jefferson disk M-94 M-209 Reihenschieber Scytale Teleprinter 5-UCO BID 770 DUDEK KW-26 KW-37 Lorenz SZ 40/42 Siemens
Secure_Terminal_Equipment
Cryptographic device
bits (determined by the machine's initial settings), as a component in a cipher machine. A pinwheel consisted of a rotating wheel with a certain number
Pinwheel_(cryptography)
communications of the Axis powers – most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. According to Sir Harry Hinsley, the "Ultra" intelligence produced at
Women_in_Bletchley_Park
Telephone that provides encrypted calls
C-36 C-52 CD-57 Cipher disk HC-9 Kryha Jefferson disk M-94 M-209 Reihenschieber Scytale Teleprinter 5-UCO BID 770 DUDEK KW-26 KW-37 Lorenz SZ 40/42 Siemens
Secure_telephone
cryptanalyst. Le Couteur worked on the Enigma machines, and then the Lorenz cipher, codenamed Tunny by the British. The codebreaking process was partly
Kenneth_Le_Couteur
Soviet cipher machine
In cryptography, Fialka (M-125) is the name of a Cold War-era Soviet cipher machine. A rotor machine, the device uses 10 rotors, each with 30 contacts
Fialka
Telephone
STU-III/Inter Working Function (IWF) STU-III/Secure Data Device (SDD) STU-III/CipherTAC 2000 (CTAC) Most STU-III units were built for use with what NSA calls
STU-III
Largest moon of Saturn
Coustenis & Taylor (2008), pp. 154–155. Biagioli, Mario (2012). "From ciphers to confidentiality: secrecy, openness and priority in science". The British
Titan_(moon)
Rotor cipher machine
de:Heinrich Emil Weber Geoff Sullivan and Frode Weierud: The Swiss NEMA Cipher Machine. Cryptologia, 23(4), October 1999, pp310–328. Walter Schmid: Die
NEMA_(machine)
Field of mathematics and science based on non-linear systems and initial conditions
deterministic chaos, or simply chaos. The theory was summarized by Edward Lorenz as: Chaos: When the present determines the future but the approximate present
Chaos_theory
Encryption device
improved HF performance, synchronous out-of-sync detection, asynchronous cipher text, plain text, bypass, and European TELEX protocol. The KG-84 (A/C) is
KG-84
Rotor cipher machine
The Schlüsselgerät 41 ("Cipher Machine 41"), also known as the SG-41 or Hitler mill, was a rotor cipher machine, first produced in 1941 in Nazi Germany
Schlüsselgerät_41
US standard for secure communications
SCIP uses a block cipher operating in counter mode. A new Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) is negotiated for each call. The block cipher is fed a 64-bit state
Secure Communications Interoperability Protocol
Secure_Communications_Interoperability_Protocol
Rotor encryption machine
cipher machine to use electronics (vacuum tubes), apart from the British ROCKEX, which was developed during World War 2. It was also the first cipher
KL-7
British cipher machine
Mercury was a British cipher machine used by the Air Ministry from 1950 until at least the early 1960s. Mercury was an online rotor machine descended from
Mercury_(cipher_machine)
Enigma cipher machine, but an important minority were produced by the even more complicated twelve-rotor Lorenz SZ42 on-line teleprinter cipher machine
Signals intelligence in modern history
Signals_intelligence_in_modern_history
The Schlüsselgerät 39 (SG-39) was an electrically operated rotor cipher machine, invented by the German Fritz Menzer during World War II. The device was
Schlüsselgerät_39
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LORENZ CIPHER
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LORENZ CIPHER
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LORENZ CIPHER
LORENZ CIPHER
LORENZ CIPHER
LORENZ CIPHER
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