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Type of symmetric key cipher
stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher,
Stream_cipher
Methods to break a stream cipher
the WEP algorithm "Attacks in Stream Ciphers: A Survey" – a 2014 overview of different stream cipher attacks "Attacks on Stream Ciphers: A Perspective" –
Stream_cipher_attacks
Stream cipher
(also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR, meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher. While it is remarkable for its simplicity and speed in software, multiple
RC4
Stream cipher
Rabbit is a high-speed stream cipher from 2003. The algorithm and source code was released in 2008 as public domain software. Rabbit was first presented
Rabbit_(cipher)
Algorithm
can use either stream ciphers or block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bytes), or letters (in substitution ciphers) of a message
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Stream cipher
Trivium is a synchronous stream cipher designed to provide a flexible trade-off between speed and gate count in hardware, and reasonably efficient software
Trivium_(cipher)
Cryptography algorithm
that do not require padding because they effectively use a block cipher as a stream cipher. Historically, encryption modes have been studied extensively
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
are experts who found that the Turing stream cipher has a number of weaknesses when faced with chosen IV attacks. For instance, its key scheduling algorithm
Turing_(cipher)
Stream ciphers
ChaCha are stream ciphers developed by Daniel J. Bernstein. Salsa20, the original cipher, was designed in 2005, then later submitted to the eSTREAM European
Salsa20
Input to a cryptographic primitive
cipher construction, related-IVs and other IV-related attacks are a known security issue for stream ciphers, which makes IV loading in stream ciphers
Initialization_vector
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
symmetric-key ciphers typically involves looking for attacks against the block ciphers or stream ciphers that are more efficient than any attack that could
Cryptography
Crypyographic attack method
Shamir attack is a stream cipher attack on the widely used RC4 stream cipher. The attack allows an attacker to recover the key in an RC4 encrypted stream from
Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack
Fluhrer,_Mantin_and_Shamir_attack
Naderi, Majid; Mohajeri, Javad (May 7, 2007). A new distinguish attack against ABC stream cipher. pp. 1768–1770. doi:10.1109/ICACT.2007.358713. ISBN 978-89-5519-131-8
ABC_(stream_cipher)
Family of stream ciphers
SNOW is a family of word-based synchronous stream ciphers developed by Thomas Johansson and Patrik Ekdahl at Lund University. They have a 512-bit linear
SNOW
Type of cryptographic attack
cryptography, a related-key attack is any form of cryptanalysis where the attacker can observe the operation of a cipher under several different keys
Related-key_attack
Cryptographic attack
Correlation attacks are a class of cryptographic known-plaintext attacks for breaking stream ciphers whose keystreams are generated by combining the output
Correlation_attack
Stream cipher
is a synchronous stream cipher algorithm submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. In the final specification the cipher is called ACHTERBAHN-128/80
Achterbahn_(stream_cipher)
Stream cipher
Crypto1 is a proprietary encryption algorithm (stream cipher) and authentication protocol created by NXP Semiconductors for its MIFARE Classic RFID contactless
Crypto-1
dedicated Self-Synchronizing Stream Ciphers (SSSC) of the KNOT-MOSQUITO family are subject to differential chosen ciphertext attacks. Our results, combined
MOSQUITO
Stream cipher
a high-speed stream cipher with a built-in single-pass message authentication code (MAC) functionality, submitted in 2004 to the eSTREAM contest by Doug
Phelix
Authenticated encryption with associated data algorithm
encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithm, that combines the ChaCha20 stream cipher with the Poly1305 message authentication code. It has fast software
ChaCha20-Poly1305
Stream cipher
A5/1 is a stream cipher used to provide over-the-air communication privacy in the GSM cellular telephone standard. It is one of several implementations
A5/1
Project to identify new stream ciphers for widespread adoption
eSTREAM is a project to "identify new stream ciphers suitable for widespread adoption", organised by the EU ECRYPT network. It was set up as a result
ESTREAM
Type of cyber attack
engineering (most often by telephone or email). Stream cipher attacks – Methods to break a stream cipher Protocol spoofing – Benign simulation of a protocol
Spoofing_attack
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
blocks of symbols usually of a fixed size (block ciphers), or on a continuous stream of symbols (stream ciphers). By whether the same key is used for both encryption
Cipher
Cryptographic attack
000". Stream ciphers, such as RC4, are vulnerable to a bit-flipping attack, as are some block cipher modes of operation. See stream cipher attack. A keyed
Bit-flipping_attack
Stream cipher
Permutation Composition) for cryptography is a stream cipher similar to the well known and popular cipher RC4 designed by Ron Rivest. It was designed by
Variably Modified Permutation Composition
Variably_Modified_Permutation_Composition
Cryptographic number generator
count) is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator and a stream cipher designed by Robert J. Jenkins Jr. in 1993. The reference implementation
ISAAC_(cipher)
Stream cipher
Grain is a stream cipher submitted to eSTREAM in 2004 by Martin Hell, Thomas Johansson and Willi Meier. It has been selected for the final eSTREAM portfolio
Grain_(cipher)
Family of block ciphers
Salsa20 is a stream cipher with comparable performance, but it is difficult to use stream ciphers securely in some applications where block ciphers like Speck
Speck_(cipher)
Cipher algorithm
Dragon is a stream cipher developed at the Information Security Institute by William Millan with some help from Ed Dawson, Kevin Chen, Matt Henricksen
Dragon_(cipher)
Family of stream ciphers
In cryptography, SOBER is a family of stream ciphers initially designed by Greg Rose of QUALCOMM Australia starting in 1997. The name is a contrived acronym
SOBER
Stream cipher
Sosemanuk is a stream cipher developed by Come Berbain, Olivier Billet, Anne Canteaut, Nicolas Courtois, Henri Gilbert, Louis Goubin, Aline Gouget, Louis
SOSEMANUK
Stream cipher
In cryptography, the QUAD cipher is a stream cipher which was designed with provable security arguments in mind. QUAD relies on the iteration of a randomly
QUAD_(cipher)
Attacks against common ciphers
article summarizes publicly known attacks against block ciphers and stream ciphers. Note that there are perhaps attacks that are not publicly known, and
Cipher_security_summary
Stream cipher
Py is a stream cipher submitted to eSTREAM by Eli Biham and Jennifer Seberry. It is one of the fastest eSTREAM candidates at around 2.6 cycles per byte
Py_(cipher)
Stream cipher
LEVIATHAN is a stream cipher submitted to NESSIE by Scott Fluhrer and David McGrew. It is a seekable stream cipher, which means that the user may efficiently
LEVIATHAN_(cipher)
Stream cipher
In cryptography, SEAL (Software-Optimized Encryption Algorithm) is a stream cipher optimised for machines with a 32-bit word size and plenty of RAM with
SEAL_(cipher)
Stream cipher
KEYstream generator (MICKEY) is a stream cipher algorithm developed by Steve Babbage and Matthew Dodd. The cipher is designed to be used in hardware
MICKEY
Type of cipher
integral attacks, slide attacks, boomerang attacks, the XSL attack, impossible differential cryptanalysis, and algebraic attacks. For a new block cipher design
Block_cipher
Concept in cryptography
is a block mode that makes a block cipher produce a keystream and thus turns the block cipher into a stream cipher. In this simple example we use the
Keystream
Stream cipher
MUGI is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) designed for use as a stream cipher. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese
MUGI
Stream cipher
A5/2 is a stream cipher used to provide voice privacy in the GSM cellular telephone protocol. It was designed in 1992-1993 (finished March 1993) as a
A5/2
Stream cipher
E0 is a stream cipher used in the Bluetooth protocol. It generates a sequence of pseudorandom numbers and combines it with the data using the XOR operator
E0_(cipher)
Stream cipher algorithm
network. Nawaz, Yassir; Gong, Guang (2008-04-01). "WG: A family of stream ciphers with designed randomness properties". Information Sciences. 178 (7):
WG_(cipher)
Ability to easily switch cryptographic primitives
Langley, Adam. "Cryptographic Agility". Retrieved 2025-02-07. "OpenSSL 3.4 Cipher Suite Names". Retrieved 2025-02-07. McLean, Tim. "Critical vulnerabilities
Cryptographic_agility
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
mode Galois/Counter Mode Stream cipher Stream cipher attacks CCMP Dworkin, Morris (May 2004). Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CCM
CCM_mode
Cryptography primitive
cryptographic primitive which can be used both as a hash function and a stream cipher, but its hash function mode of operation has been broken and is not
Panama_(cryptography)
Stream cipher
cryptography, WAKE is a stream cipher designed by David Wheeler in 1993. WAKE stands for Word Auto Key Encryption. The cipher works in cipher feedback mode, generating
WAKE_(cipher)
Set of algorithms that help secure a network connection
A cipher suite is a set of algorithms that help secure a network connection. Suites typically use Transport Layer Security (TLS) or its deprecated predecessor
Cipher_suite
Key that is easy to break with a specific cipher
problems with weak keys than others, as modern block and stream ciphers do. The first stream cipher machines were also rotor machines and had some of the
Weak_key
Attack model in cryptanalysis
any case where a stream cipher like RC4 is used twice with the same key, it is open to ciphertext-only attack. See: stream cipher attack Wired Equivalent
Ciphertext-only_attack
Stream cipher algorithm
Thierry (20 April 2005). The Frogbit cipher, a data integrity algorithm (PDF) (Report). eSTREAM, ECRYPT Stream Cipher Project. Retrieved 2026-05-21. v t
Frogbit_(cipher)
Stream cipher algorithm
a stream cipher algorithm designed by Gregory Rose, Philip Hawkes, Michael Paddon, and Miriam Wiggers de Vries. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project
NLS_(cipher)
cryptography, Hermes8 is the name of a stream cipher designed by Ulrich Kaiser. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has
Hermes8
against some simple algebraic attacks, it is vulnerable to more elaborate known attacks. "eSTREAM - The ECRYPT Stream Cipher Project". www.ecrypt.eu.org
SFINKS
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting that creates the ciphertext (its output) by replacing units of the plaintext (its input)
Substitution_cipher
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
The Lorenz SZ40, SZ42a and SZ42b were German rotor stream cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II. They were developed by C. Lorenz
Lorenz_cipher
Encrypted information
block ciphers or stream ciphers. Block ciphers operate on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation. Stream ciphers encrypt
Ciphertext
Stream cipher
SOBER-128 is a synchronous stream cipher designed by Hawkes and Rose (2003) and is a member of the SOBER family of ciphers. SOBER-128 was also designed
SOBER-128
Stream cipher
HC-256 is a stream cipher designed to provide bulk encryption in software at high speeds while permitting strong confidence in its security. A 128-bit
HC-256
Encryption algorithm
In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A ⊕ {\displaystyle
XOR_cipher
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
the attack had been fixed with TLS 1.1 in 2006, but TLS 1.1 had not seen wide adoption prior to this attack demonstration. RC4 as a stream cipher is immune
Transport_Layer_Security
Stream cipher
The Scream cipher is a word-based stream cipher developed by Shai Halevi, Don Coppersmith and Charanjit Jutla from IBM. The cipher is designed as a software
Scream_(cipher)
Stream cipher algorithm
cryptographic attacks such as correlation, algebraic, or distinguishing attacks (Wang & Zhang, 2010). Li, An-Ping (May 13, 2008). "A New Stream Cipher: Dicing"
DICING
Stream cipher
SHrinking) stream cipher is a fast software based stream cipher using Lagged Fibonacci generators, plus a concept from the shrinking generator cipher. It was
FISH_(cipher)
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
The Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different
Vigenère_cipher
Stream cipher
Mir-1 is a software-oriented stream cipher algorithm developed by Alexander Maximov. The algorithm was submitted to the eSTREAM project of the eCRYPT network
Mir-1
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
and RadioGatún, output an arbitrarily long stream and can be used as a stream cipher, and stream ciphers can also be built from fixed-length digest hash
Cryptographic_hash_function
Complex Soviet pencil and paper cipher
certainly not as complex or secure as modern computer operated stream ciphers or block ciphers, in practice messages protected by it resisted all attempts
VIC_cipher
Block cipher
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products. Blowfish provides
Blowfish_(cipher)
Deprecated security algorithm for wireless networks
into 802.11i as part of TKIP, but not for the WEP protocol itself. Stream cipher attacks Wireless security Wi-Fi Protected Access IEEE Standard for Wireless
Wired_Equivalent_Privacy
Stream cipher
The Grain 128a stream cipher was first purposed at Symmetric Key Encryption Workshop (SKEW) in 2011 as an improvement of the predecessor Grain 128, which
Grain_128a
LEX is a stream cipher based on the round transformation of AES. LEX provides the same key agility and short message block performance as AES while handling
LEX_(cipher)
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
known. Distinguishing algorithm – the attacker can distinguish the cipher from a random permutation. Academic attacks are often against weakened versions
Cryptanalysis
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
correctly implemented. Side-channel attacks do not attack the cipher as a black box, and thus are not related to cipher security as defined in the classical
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense,
Differential_cryptanalysis
Block ciphers
The BEAR and LION block ciphers were invented by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham by combining a stream cipher and a cryptographic hash function. The algorithms
BEAR_and_LION_ciphers
Cipher Protocol
Sibert, H (2005). Decim, a new stream cipher for hardware applications (PDF) (Report). Estream (29 April 2008). "eSTREAM Phase 3 Candidates -- IP Status"
DECIM
Simple and widely known encryption technique
A Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which
Caesar_cipher
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
Song improved attacks on GOST by computing only 2101 GOST rounds. Isobe had already published a single key attack on the full GOST cipher, which Dinur
GOST_(block_cipher)
Stream cipher
The Pike stream cipher was invented by Ross Anderson to be a "leaner and meaner" version of FISH after he broke FISH in 1994. Its name is supposed to
Pike_(cipher)
Encryption algorithm used by DVB television standard
distinct ciphers: a block cipher and a stream cipher. When used in encryption mode the data are first encrypted using the 64-bit block cipher in CBC mode
Common_Scrambling_Algorithm
Set of telecommunications standards
stream cipher attacks. The varying levels of error correction are implemented by breaking P25 message frames into subframes. This allows an attacker to
Project_25
Feistel network based block cipher
current technology. There are no known successful attacks that weaken the cipher considerably. The cipher has been approved for use by the ISO/IEC, the European
Camellia_(cipher)
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
rate.[citation needed] There have also been attacks proposed against reduced-round versions of the cipher, that is, versions of DES with fewer than 16
Data_Encryption_Standard
Method of cryptanalysis
particular, this describes many stream ciphers based on LFSRs. DES and AES are believed to be immune to this attack. It works by summing an output bit
Cube_attack
Encryption technique
detect it. Because of their similarities, attacks on one-time pads are similar to attacks on stream ciphers. Standard techniques to prevent this, such
One-time_pad
Disused cipher that was used historically
potential attacks including known-plaintext attacks and chosen-plaintext attacks as well as chosen-ciphertext attacks. For these ciphers an attacker should
Classical_cipher
pseudorandom permutation that can be used to construct a hash function or stream cipher by using it in a sponge construction. One stated design goal is the
Gimli_(cipher)
Form of cryptanalysis
cryptography, the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999
Boomerang_attack
Authenticated encryption mode
Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers that provides both encryption and message authentication in a single pass
Galois/Counter_Mode
Cryptography construction
cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the
Feistel_cipher
Stream cipher
In cryptography, CryptMT is a stream cipher algorithm which internally uses the Mersenne twister. It was developed by Makoto Matsumoto, Mariko Hagita
CryptMT
Method of encryption
In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition)
Transposition_cipher
Wide-block cipher
Adiantum is a cipher composition for disk encryption. It uses a new cipher construction called HBSH (hash, block cipher, stream cipher, hash), specifically
Adiantum_(cipher)
Block cipher
algorithms. Although the cipher has not been included in the final NESSIE portfolio, its design is considered very strong, and no attacks have been found by
Anubis_(cipher)
Stream cipher
in cellular communications in order to protect data traffic. It is a stream cipher designed to have a very strong 96-bit key strength with a way to reduce
ORYX
non-controversial. However, it indirectly prohibits the use of stream ciphers, since stream ciphers require, for their security, that the same initial state
Disk_encryption_theory
Family of lightweight block ciphers
for iterated ciphers, reduced-round variants have been successfully attacked. The best published attacks on Simon in the standard attack model (CPA/CCA
Simon_(cipher)
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
Boy/Male
Tamil
Stream
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to unisex forename use, derived from Middle English pipere, PIPER means "pipe-player."
Boy/Male
Indian
Stream
Boy/Male
English
White stream; holy stream.
Boy/Male
Czech, Czechoslovakian, German
Tree; Stream
Girl/Female
English American
Piper.
Male
Hebrew
(עֵפֶר) Hebrew name EPHER means "calf" or "gazelle." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a son of Ezra.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places, for example in Hertfordshire, Kent, and Somerset, so named from Old English strǣt ‘paved highway’, ‘Roman road’ (Latin strata (via)). In the Middle Ages the word at first denoted a Roman road but later also came to denote the main street in a town or village, and so the surname may also have been a topographic name for someone who lived on a main street.Jewish : Americanized form of the Sephardic surname Chetrit, of uncertain origin.Americanized form of Ashkenazic Jewish Strasser and a number of other similar surnames.The Rev. Nicholas Street (1603–74) came from England to Taunton, MA, between 1630 and 1638, and later moved to New Haven, CT, where his descendant Augustus Russell Street, a leader in art education, was born in 1791 and went on to become one of the most important early benefactors of Yale College.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Ophir, OPHER means "gold" or "reducing to ashes."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English
Flute Player; A Young Dove; Piper
Girl/Female
Tamil
Stream
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire)
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire) : from Old English strēaw, hence a metonymic occupational name for a dealer in straw, or a nickname for an exceptionally thin man or someone with straw-colored hair.
Male
English
Short form of English Christopher, TOPHER means "Christ-bearer."Â
Male
Greek
(ΑιθήÏ) Greek name AITHER means "bright, upper air." In mythology, this is the name of one of the first gods, the son of Erebos and Nyx. He is the god of the pure, upper air that only the gods breathe, as opposed to the gloomy, lower "aer" breathed by mortals.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Street.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English streit ‘narrow’, ‘strict’ (Anglo-Norman French estreit).German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a quarrelsome person, from Middle High German strīt, German Streit ‘strife’, ‘argument’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cooper, from Middle English copere, found from the 12th century alongside cupere.English : metonymic occupational name for a worker in copper, Old English coper (Latin (aes) Cyprium ‘Cyprian bronze’).Respelling of German Kopper.
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, Dutch, Scottish
Stream
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Norwegian : habitational name from a farmstead in Agder named Strai, of uncertain derivation.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived beside a stream, Middle English streme.Americanized form of Swedish Ström or Danish Strøm (see Strom).
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, French, German, Hebrew, Italian
God is Bountiful; God of Plenty; Form of Elizabeth; God is My Oath
Girl/Female
Muslim
Praising (God)
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Red Sandal Wood
Girl/Female
Indian
Replacement (The daughter of Hazrat Ali)
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English
Deer Meadow; From the Roe Deer Meadow
Girl/Female
Hindu
Celestial Apsara
Girl/Female
Norse
Half protected.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Progressive
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Lord Krishna's Flute; Kind
Girl/Female
Indian, Modern, Tamil
Stable for Anything
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
STREAM CIPHER-ATTACKS
a.
Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.
v. i.
To issue in a stream of light; to radiate.
n. & v.
See Cipher.
n.
A continued current or course; as, a stream of weather.
v. t.
To decipher; as, to uncipher a letter.
n.
Anything issuing or moving with continued succession of parts; as, a stream of words; a stream of sand.
imp. & p. p.
of Cipher
a.
Resembling a stream; issuing in a stream.
v. i.
To issue or flow in a stream; to flow freely or in a current, as a fluid or whatever is likened to fluids; as, tears streamed from her eyes.
v. t.
To spread or scatter. See Strew, and Strow.
v. t.
To decipher.
imp. & p. p.
of Stream
n.
A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.
v. t.
To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.
v. t.
To send forth in a current or stream; to cause to flow; to pour; as, his eyes streamed tears.
n.
Current; drift; tendency; series of tending or moving causes; as, the stream of opinions or manners.
v. i.
To pour out, or emit, a stream or streams.
v. i.
To generate steam; as, the boiler steams well.
n.
A current of water or other fluid; a liquid flowing continuously in a line or course, either on the earth, as a river, brook, etc., or from a vessel, reservoir, or fountain; specifically, any course of running water; as, many streams are blended in the Mississippi; gas and steam came from the earth in streams; a stream of molten lead from a furnace; a stream of lava from a volcano.
adv.
Toward the higher part of a stream; against the current.