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Method of cryptanalysis
The cube attack is a method of cryptanalysis applicable to a wide variety of symmetric-key algorithms, published by Itai Dinur and Adi Shamir in a September
Cube_attack
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
In cryptography, a brute-force attack or exhaustive key search is a cryptanalytic attack that consists of an attacker submitting many possible keys or
Brute-force_attack
American rapper and actor (born 1969)
O'Shea Jackson (born June 15, 1969), known professionally as Ice Cube, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor, and film producer. His efforts on N.W
Ice_Cube
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
messages. Ferguson and Saarinen independently described how an attacker can perform best attacks against GCM authentication, which meets the lower bound on
Galois/Counter_Mode
Cryptographic attack
In cryptography, a timing attack is a side-channel attack in which the attacker attempts to compromise a cryptosystem by analyzing the time taken to execute
Timing_attack
Block cipher
2: Block ciphers RFC 6114 Tezcan, Cihangir. "The Improbable Differential Attack: Cryptanalysis of Reduced-Round CLEFIA". Proceedings of INDOCRYPT, 2010
CLEFIA
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
with 2-uniformity. They exist in odd fields (such as GF(27)) using either cubing or inversion (there are other exponents that can be used as well). For instance
Differential_cryptanalysis
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
This attack requires the attacker to be able to run programs on the same system or platform that is performing AES. In December 2009 an attack on some
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Block cipher
computer performance, as predicted by the Moore's law, made brute-force attacks increasingly possible and practical. Triple DES increases the effective
Triple_DES
Block cipher
cipher was first presented. A later paper (den Boer, 1988) describes an attack requiring 100–10000 chosen plaintexts, and Sean Murphy (1990) found an improvement
FEAL
Set of cryptographic algorithms by the NSA
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite
Commercial_National_Security_Algorithm_Suite
Cryptographic algorithm
successful attack.[citation needed] It is also possible to increase the key length or the rounds in the encryption process to better protect against attack. This
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Concept in cryptography
the hash function being exposed to attacks including collision attacks, length extension attacks, and preimage attacks. Constructing a cipher or hash to
Avalanche_effect
Cryptography construction
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Feistel_cipher
Stream cipher
cryptanalytic attacks better than brute-force attack are known, but several attacks come close. The best published practical cube attacks recover the key
Trivium_(cipher)
Input to a cryptographic primitive
whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between (potentially similar) segments of the encrypted
Initialization_vector
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
meaningful word or phrase) with a code word (for example, "wallaby" replaces "attack at dawn"). A cypher, in contrast, is a scheme for changing or substituting
Cryptography
Block cipher
64-bit block size and therefore it could be vulnerable to Sweet32 birthday attacks. Schneier designed Blowfish as a general-purpose algorithm, intended as
Blowfish_(cipher)
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
oracle attacks, which allow the attacker to gain knowledge of the plain text without attacking the block cipher primitive itself. Padding oracle attacks can
Padding_(cryptography)
Cryptography algorithm
was encrypted with the same key before (this is known as the TLS CBC IV attack). For some keys, an all-zero initialization vector may generate some block
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Family of authenticated ciphers
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Ascon_(cipher)
Attacks against common ciphers
to date. No known successful attacks — attack only breaks a reduced version of the cipher Theoretical break — attack breaks all rounds and has lower
Cipher_security_summary
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
Authenticated encryption EAX mode Galois/Counter Mode Stream cipher Stream cipher attacks CCMP Dworkin, Morris (May 2004). Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes
CCM_mode
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
(strengthened against differential cryptanalysis, but weakened against brute-force attacks), which was published as an official Federal Information Processing Standard
Data_Encryption_Standard
Block cipher
on the plaintext and secret key in order to produce the ciphertext. An attacker uses this knowledge to search for weaknesses in the cipher which may allow
FROG
Generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack
The meet-in-the-middle attack (MITM), a known-plaintext attack, is a generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack against encryption schemes that rely
Meet-in-the-middle_attack
Block cipher
technology. In 1999, Niels Ferguson published an impossible differential attack that breaks 6 rounds out of 16 of the 256-bit key version using 2256 steps
Twofish
Basic component of symmetric key algorithms
they had been carefully tuned to increase resistance against this specific attack such that it was no better than brute force. Biham and Shamir found that
S-box
Block cypher operating mode
smart card proposals. In 1984, to protect DES against exhaustive search attacks, Ron Rivest proposed DESX: XOR a pre-whitening key to the plaintext, encrypt
Xor–encrypt–xor
Tables for the Data Encryption Standard
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
DES_supplementary_material
Type of cipher
square and integral attacks, slide attacks, boomerang attacks, the XSL attack, impossible differential cryptanalysis, and algebraic attacks. For a new block
Block_cipher
Type of cryptographic attack
In cryptography, a related-key attack is any form of cryptanalysis where the attacker can observe the operation of a cipher under several different keys
Related-key_attack
Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key
in order to resist such forms of cryptanalysis as related-key attacks and slide attacks, many modern ciphers use more elaborate key schedules to generate
Key_schedule
Film by Vincenzo Natali
Cube is a 1997 Canadian science fiction horror film directed and co-written by Vincenzo Natali. A product of the Canadian Film Centre's First Feature Project
Cube_(1997_film)
Authenticated encryption mode with resistance against nonce reuse
is encrypted multiple times with the same nonce. When that happens, an attacker is able to observe repeat encryptions, since encryption is a deterministic
AES-GCM-SIV
Form of cryptanalysis
a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two most widely used attacks on block ciphers;
Linear_cryptanalysis
Israeli private intelligence and cyber-espionage firm
Black Cube (BC Strategy Ltd) is a private intelligence agency based in London, Tel Aviv, and Madrid. The company was founded in 2010 by former Israeli
Black_Cube
2019 video game
Cube World is an action role-playing game developed and published by Picroma for Microsoft Windows. Wolfram von Funck, the game's designer, began developing
Cube_World
Variant of the meet-in-the-middle method of cryptanalysis
extend the number of possibly attacked rounds by the MITM attack. Since biclique cryptanalysis is based on MITM attacks, it is applicable to both block
Biclique_attack
Block cipher
In that respect, it is similar to Salsa20, TEA, and the SHA-3 candidates CubeHash and BLAKE. Threefish and the Skein hash function were designed by Bruce
Threefish
Type of cryptanalytic attack
to maximal) degree to defy this attack. Cube attacks have been considered a variant of higher-order differential attacks. Works for small or low algebraic
Higher-order differential cryptanalysis
Higher-order_differential_cryptanalysis
Cipher design construction
very complex manner. If an attacker somehow obtains one plaintext corresponding to one ciphertext – a known-plaintext attack, or worse, a chosen plaintext
Substitution–permutation network
Substitution–permutation_network
Wide-block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Adiantum_(cipher)
Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard
taken when implementing AES in software, in particular around side-channel attacks. The algorithm operates on plaintext blocks of 16 bytes. Encryption of
AES_implementations
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
MAGENTA
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
SEED
Type of cryptographic attack
cryptography, the Davies attack is a dedicated statistical cryptanalysis method for attacking the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The attack was originally created
Davies_attack
Block cipher
button press. This provides protection against brute-force attack and capture and replay attack, known as RollJam for Samy Kamkar's work. For simplicity
KeeLoq
Chinese block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
SM4_(cipher)
Earliest civilian block ciphers
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Lucifer_(cipher)
Family of block ciphers
successfully attacked. The best published attacks on Speck in the standard attack model (CPA/CCA with unknown key) are differential cryptanalysis attacks; these
Speck_(cipher)
Form of cryptanalysis
1994, the differential-linear attack is a mix of both linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis. The attack utilises a differential characteristic
Differential-linear_attack
Family of block ciphers
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Secure and Fast Encryption Routine
Secure_and_Fast_Encryption_Routine
Cryptographic algorithm
methods. A truncated differential attack on 26 out of 31 rounds of PRESENT was suggested in 2014. Several full-round attacks using biclique cryptanalysis have
PRESENT
Cryptographic hardware
even a small nonprofit organization such as the EFF to mount a realistic attack.[non-primary source needed] DES was a federal standard, and the US government
EFF_DES_cracker
Family of lightweight block ciphers
successfully attacked. The best published attacks on Simon in the standard attack model (CPA/CCA with unknown key) are differential cryptanalysis attacks; these
Simon_(cipher)
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
effective key size can be increased to 610 bits; however, a chosen-key attack can recover the contents of the S-boxes in approximately 232 encryptions
GOST_(block_cipher)
Block cipher
cycle. Different multiples of a magic constant are used to prevent simple attacks based on the symmetry of the rounds. The magic constant, 2654435769 or
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Block cipher
was revised with a modified key schedule in 1996 to counter a related-key attack; this version is sometimes referred to as NewDES-96. In 2004, Scott posted
NewDES
Symmetric-key block cipher
best attack applied to all keys could break IDEA reduced to 6 rounds (the full IDEA cipher uses 8.5 rounds). Note that a "break" is any attack that requires
International Data Encryption Algorithm
International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm
Block cipher
rectangle attack on 36 rounds of XTEA, breaking more rounds than any previously published cryptanalytic results for XTEA. The paper presents two attacks, one
XTEA
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
CRYPTON
Classified National Security Agency Type 1 encryption algorithm
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
SAVILLE
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
RC6
Process of developing the AES standard
relatively small 56-bit key which was becoming vulnerable to brute-force attacks. In addition, the DES was designed primarily for hardware and was relatively
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Block cipher
whitening. Subkeys with long runs of ones or zeroes may lead to efficient attacks on MARS. The two least significant bits of round keys used in multiplication
MARS_(cipher)
American conspiracy website (1997–2015)
the Time Cube." Ray also spoke about Time Cube at the Georgia Institute of Technology in April 2005, delivering a speech in which he attacked the instruction
Time_Cube
Form of cryptanalysis
cryptography, the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999
Boomerang_attack
Block cipher
the designers deemed 16 rounds to be sufficient against known types of attack but specified 32 rounds as insurance against future discoveries in cryptanalysis
Serpent_(cipher)
Form of cryptanalysis
cryptography, a distinguishing attack is any form of cryptanalysis on data encrypted by a cipher that allows an attacker to distinguish the encrypted data
Distinguishing_attack
Block cipher
Twelve-round RC5 (with 64-bit blocks) is susceptible to a differential attack using 244 chosen plaintexts. 18–20 rounds are suggested as sufficient protection
RC5
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
IAPM_(mode)
Cryptanalytic attacks using a system of multivariate equations
described use case of algebraic attack using linear cryptanalysis. Cube attacks later developed are one of the algebraic attack sub method by which the Bluetooth
Algebraic_attack
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
the eXtended Sparse Linearization (XSL) attack is a method of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. The attack was first published in 2002 by researchers
XSL_attack
Block cipher
weak keys that each have 230 equivalent keys each. In response to this attack, Schroeppel modified the key expansion algorithm to include one additional
Hasty_Pudding_cipher
Block cipher
link] K. Jia and J. Chen and M. Wang and X. Wang (2010), Practical-time Attack on the Full MMB Block Cipher (PDF), retrieved 2010-04-24 Joan Daemen; René
MMB_(cipher)
Ability to easily switch cryptographic primitives
algorithm were found by NIST to have a key length that made it vulnerable to attacks, thus prompting the transition to SHA-2. With the rise of secure transport
Cryptographic_agility
Method of bit-shuffling used to diffuse bits across S-box inputs
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Permutation_box
2002 film by Andrzej Sekula
Cube 2: Hypercube (stylized on-screen as Cube²: Hypercube) is a 2002 Canadian science fiction horror film directed by Andrzej Sekuła, written by Sean
Cube_2:_Hypercube
Feistel network based block cipher
Camellia (and AES) using an algebraic attack, such as extended sparse linearisation, in the future, provided that the attack becomes feasible. Although Camellia
Camellia_(cipher)
Block cipher
implementation would be required to protect against side-channel attacks, especially timing attacks. Although DFC was designed using Vaudenay's decorrelation
DFC_(cipher)
Type of cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
Product_cipher
Family of block ciphers
cryptanalysis uses), thus improving LOKI91's immunity to this attack, as detailed by the attacks authors (Biham and Shamir 1991). The changes to the key schedule
LOKI
Film by Yasuhiko Shimizu
Cube is a 2021 Japanese science fiction horror film written by Koji Tokuo and directed by Yasuhiko Shimizu [ja]. It is a remake of the 1997 Canadian film
Cube_(2021_film)
Block cipher
claimed attack against the full cipher was published in 2002, but a later paper with attack designer as a co-author clarified in 2009 that no attack on the
Skipjack_(cipher)
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
DEAL
Block cipher
and 18 rounds for 512-bit keys. Independent researchers proposed some attacks on reduced-round variants of Kalyna, but all of them have a very high complexity
Kalyna_(cipher)
Sculpture at Astor Place in Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Alamo, also known as the Astor Place Cube or simply The Cube, is an outdoor sculpture by Tony Rosenthal, located on Astor Place, in the East Village neighborhood
Alamo_(sculpture)
Authenticated encryption mode of operation for block ciphers
existential forgery attack against OCB2 that requires only a single prior encryption query and almost no computational power or storage. The attack does not extend
OCB_mode
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
BATON
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
CAST-128
Exploitation of impossible differences in block ciphers
cipher algorithm. Lars Knudsen appears to be the first to use a form of this attack, in the 1998 paper where he introduced his AES candidate, DEAL. The first
Impossible differential cryptanalysis
Impossible_differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
a 6-round Feistel network structure. The round function is based on the cube operation in the finite field GF(233). The designers did not specify any
KN-Cipher
Block cipher
Tang; Bing Sun; Ruilin Li; Chao Li (March 30, 2010). "A Meet-in-the-Middle Attack on ARIA". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Retrieved April 24, 2010. "KISA: Block
ARIA_(cipher)
Type of cryptanalytic attack
In cryptography, integral cryptanalysis is a cryptanalytic attack that is particularly applicable to block ciphers based on substitution–permutation networks
Integral_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
E2_(cipher)
Block cipher
2001). "An Evaluation of the Security of CIPHERUNICORN-E Against Certain Attacks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2007. Retrieved
CIPHERUNICORN-E
Block cipher
Nakahara Jr.; B. Preneel & J. Vandewalle (2003), The Biryukov-Demirci Attack on IDEA and MESH Ciphers (PDF/PostScript), retrieved 4 October 2007{{citation}}:
MESH_(cipher)
2018 single by Ice Cube
charged by Rolling Stone and Pitchfork, NME called the song an "attack" on Trump, saying Ice Cube "couldn't be clearer" on its refrain. Russian interference
Arrest_the_President
Block cipher
transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Algebraic Cube attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up
BassOmatic
travel, tourism, insurance
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
CUBE ATTACK
travel, tourism, insurance