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One-way cryptographic tool
In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a trapdoor function is a function that is easy to compute in one direction, yet difficult to compute
Trapdoor_function
Sliding or hinged door that is flush with the surface of a floor, ceiling, or roof
mills, however, its list of uses has grown over time. The trapdoor has played a pivotal function in the operation of the gallows, cargo ships, trains, booby
Trapdoor
Scheme often used with RSA encryption
plaintext prior to asymmetric encryption. When combined with any secure trapdoor one-way permutation f {\displaystyle f} , this processing is proved in
Optimal asymmetric encryption padding
Optimal_asymmetric_encryption_padding
Quantum-safe key encapsulation mechanism
variant of the learning with errors lattice problem as its basic trapdoor function. It won the NIST competition for the first post-quantum cryptography
ML-KEM
Function used in computer cryptography
existence of one-way functions. A trapdoor one-way function or trapdoor permutation is a special kind of one-way function. Such a function is hard to invert
One-way_function
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
cryptographic hash function is computed, and only the resulting hash is digitally signed. Cryptographic hash functions are functions that take a variable-length
Cryptography
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
to N, then signed with the reverse trapdoor function. This forgery attack, then, only produces the padded hash function output that corresponds to σ, but
Digital_signature
Public-key encryption scheme
based on a trapdoor function whose security, like that of RSA, is related to the difficulty of integer factorization. The Rabin trapdoor function has the
Rabin_cryptosystem
Random data used as an additional input to a hash function
cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend against
Salt_(cryptography)
U.S. government cryptographic standard
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
FIPS_140-3
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
exchange Key management Key size Public-key cryptography Rabin signature Trapdoor function e = 2 is also possible (and even faster) but qualitatively different
RSA_cryptosystem
Key agreement protocol
key from x k {\displaystyle x_{k}} using some hash-based key derivation function. The shared secret calculated by both parties is equal, because d A ⋅ Q
Elliptic-curve_Diffie–Hellman
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master
Key_derivation_function
Cryptographic algorithm for digital signatures
{\displaystyle e={\textrm {HASH}}(m)} . (Here HASH is a cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-2, with the output converted to an integer.) Let z {\displaystyle
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
ISBN 978-1584885511. Andrew Chi-Chih Yao. Theory and applications of trapdoor functions Archived 2019-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. In Proceedings of the
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Surveillance strategy
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Harvest_now,_decrypt_later
Encoding for text messages
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Tap_code
Set of cryptographic algorithms by the NSA
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite
Commercial_National_Security_Algorithm_Suite
Type of data structure
use many more child nodes under each node. Usually, a cryptographic hash function such as SHA-2 is used for the hashing. If the hash tree only needs to protect
Merkle_tree
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
MAC functions are similar to cryptographic hash functions, they possess different security requirements. To be considered secure, a MAC function must
Message_authentication_code
Password cracking dataset
is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not
Rainbow_table
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
g, ga mod p, and gb mod p. Such a function that is easy to compute but hard to invert is called a one-way function. Once Alice and Bob compute the shared
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
Standard in public cryptography
(RSA keys, X.509 certificates, DES/Triple DES keys, etc.) and all the functions needed to use, create/generate, modify and delete those objects. Most
PKCS_11
Computer communications authentication algorithm
type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function and a secret cryptographic key. As with any MAC, it may be used to simultaneously
HMAC
Mechanism for authenticating cryptographic keys
essentially unaffected by such things as company failures, and has continued to function with little change. However, a related problem does occur: users, whether
Web_of_trust
Archive file format for cryptography objects
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
PKCS_12
Substitution cipher
Atbash cipher may then be enciphered and deciphered using the encryption function for an affine cipher by setting a = b = (m − 1): E ( x ) = D ( x ) = (
Atbash
Method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions
Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from collision-resistant one-way compression functions. This construction
Merkle–Damgård_construction
Type of cryptographic attack
values of a hash function, with H = 2 l {\textstyle H=2^{l}} . With a birthday attack, it is possible to find a collision of a hash function with 50 % {\textstyle
Birthday_attack
English cryptanalyst (1917–1996)
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Joan_Clarke
System that can issue, distribute and verify digital certificates
(manual or auto-enrollment). In the case of Microsoft Standalone CAs, the function of RA does not exist since all of the procedures controlling the CA are
Public_key_infrastructure
Simple and widely known encryption technique
communications security. Wikifunctions has a Latin alphabet Caesar cipher function. The transformation can be represented by aligning two alphabets; the cipher
Caesar_cipher
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
Codes typically have direct meaning from input to key. Codes primarily function to save time. Ciphers are algorithmic. The given input must follow the
Cipher
Puzzle
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Cryptogram
Key derivation function
cryptography, PBKDF1 and PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function 1 and 2) are key derivation functions with a sliding computational cost, used to reduce vulnerability
PBKDF2
Digital verification standard
a single key pair for one user. Choose an approved cryptographic hash function H {\displaystyle H} with output length | H | {\displaystyle |H|} bits.
Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Simple encryption method
are 26 letters in the basic Latin alphabet and 26 = 2 × 13, the ROT13 function is its own inverse: ROT 13 ( ROT 13 ( x ) ) = x {\displaystyle
ROT13
Payment protocol for Bitcoin
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Lightning_Network
Collection of efficiently-computable functions which emulate a random oracle
In cryptography, a pseudorandom function family, abbreviated PRF, is a collection of efficiently-computable functions which emulate a random oracle in
Pseudorandom_function_family
Public-key cryptosystem
m {\displaystyle m} of G {\displaystyle G} using a reversible mapping function. Choose an integer y {\displaystyle y} randomly from { 1 , … , q − 1 }
ElGamal_encryption
Type of substitution cipher
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Pigpen_cipher
Authenticated encryption with associated data algorithm
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
ChaCha20-Poly1305
Obsolete cryptographic hash function
The MD2 Message-Digest Algorithm is an obsolete cryptographic hash function developed by Ronald Rivest in 1989. The algorithm is optimized for 8-bit computers
MD2_(hash_function)
Non-federated cryptographic protocol
Hash-based cryptography Non-commutative cryptography RSA problem Trapdoor function Tropical cryptography Standardization CRYPTREC IEEE P1363 NESSIE NSA
Signal_Protocol
Function computed by two parties that emulates a random oracle
An oblivious pseudorandom function (OPRF) is a cryptographic function, similar to a keyed-hash function, but with the distinction that in an OPRF two
Oblivious pseudorandom function
Oblivious_pseudorandom_function
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
given only its digest. In particular, a hash function should behave as much as possible like a random function (often called a random oracle in proofs of
Cryptographic_hash_function
Used for encoding or decoding ciphertext
storage devices. Thus, a deterministic algorithm called a key derivation function (KDF) uses a password to generate the secure cryptographic keying material
Key_(cryptography)
Cryptographic method
Hash-based cryptography Non-commutative cryptography RSA problem Trapdoor function Tropical cryptography Standardization CRYPTREC IEEE P1363 NESSIE NSA
Falcon_(signature_scheme)
German cipher machine during World War II
are not considered to be Enigma derivatives as their internal ciphering functions are not mathematically identical to the Enigma transform. A unique rotor
Enigma_machine
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
constructed by feeding blocks of data into the GHASH function and encrypting the result. This GHASH function is defined by GHASH ( H , A , C ) = X m + n +
Galois/Counter_Mode
Cryptographic attack
compiler optimizations. Countermeasures include blinding and constant-time functions. Many cryptographic algorithms can be implemented (or masked by a proxy)
Timing_attack
Cryptographic hash function
Wikifunctions has an SHA-1 function. In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte)
SHA-1
Early block substitution cipher
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Playfair_cipher
Fundamental tool in cryptography
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Tabula_recta
Approach to public-key cryptography
based on the Diffie–Hellman scheme, X25519 and X448 are Diffie–Hellman functions specified by the IRTF for use with Montgomery-form curves, The Elliptic
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
Stream cipher
number generator originally based on RC4. The API allows no seeding, as the function initializes itself using /dev/random. The use of RC4 has been phased out
RC4
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
This idea is also known as a CPU cost function, client puzzle, computational puzzle, or CPU pricing function. Another common feature is built-in incentive-structures
Proof_of_work
International standard
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Cryptographic_Message_Syntax
Project by NIST to standardize post-quantum cryptography
authenticated encryption schemes Lattice-based cryptography NIST hash function competition "Post-Quantum Cryptography PQC". 3 January 2017. "Post-Quantum
NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization
NIST_Post-Quantum_Cryptography_Standardization
Cryptographic hash function
cryptography, Whirlpool (sometimes styled WHIRLPOOL) is a cryptographic hash function. It was designed by Vincent Rijmen (co-creator of the Advanced Encryption
Whirlpool_(hash_function)
Discontinued source-available disk encryption utility
512-bit salt and 1000 or 2000 iterations, depending on the underlying hash function used. TrueCrypt supports a concept called plausible deniability, by allowing
TrueCrypt
Cryptographic hash function
BLAKE is a cryptographic hash function based on Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants
BLAKE_(hash_function)
Cryptography construction
similar operations, and both consist of iteratively running a function called a "round function" a fixed number of times. Many modern symmetric block ciphers
Feistel_cipher
Type of transposition cipher
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Rail_fence_cipher
Type of cryptosystem
Perhaps the first system with complete threshold properties for a trapdoor function (such as RSA) and a proof of security was published in 1994 by Alfredo
Threshold_cryptosystem
Stream ciphers
new round function that increases diffusion and increases performance on some architectures. Both ciphers are built on a pseudorandom function based on
Salsa20
2015 password-based key derivation function
Argon2 is a key derivation function that was selected as the winner of the 2015 Password Hashing Competition. It was designed by Alex Biryukov, Daniel
Argon2
Encryption method
programming interface for an AE implementation provides the following functions: Encryption Input: plaintext, key, and optionally a header (also known
Authenticated_encryption
Cryptography standard
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
PKCS_7
Password-based key derivation function
bcrypt is a password-hashing function designed by Niels Provos and David Mazières. It is based on the Blowfish cipher and presented at USENIX in 1999.
Bcrypt
Augmented password-authenticated key exchange protocol
N ∗ {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathbb {Z} _{N}^{*}} . H() is a hash function; e.g., SHA-256. k is a parameter derived by both sides; in SRP-6, k = 3
Secure Remote Password protocol
Secure_Remote_Password_protocol
Hiding messages in other messages
digital text such as spacing and font choice, chaffing and winnowing, mimic functions, modifying the echo of a sound file (echo steganography)[citation needed]
Steganography
Cryptographic hash function
Skein is a cryptographic hash function and one of five finalists in the NIST hash function competition. Entered as a candidate to become the SHA-3 standard
Skein_(hash_function)
one-way trapdoor function and a random function (hash function); EPOC-2 uses a one-way trapdoor function, two random functions (hash functions) and a symmetric-key
Efficient Probabilistic Public-Key Encryption Scheme
Efficient_Probabilistic_Public-Key_Encryption_Scheme
Cryptographic key management algorithm
exchange (DH) and a ratchet based on a key derivation function (KDF), such as a hash function, and is therefore called a double ratchet. The algorithm
Double_Ratchet_Algorithm
Hash function phenomenon
the same hash value. The hash value in this case is derived from a hash function which takes a data input and returns a fixed length of bits. Although hash
Hash_collision
Open competition to select password hash functions
after the successful Advanced Encryption Standard process and NIST hash function competition, but directly organized by cryptographers and security practitioners
Password_Hashing_Competition
data to be hashed, the hash function produces a fixed-length output. Essentially, anything passed through the hash function should resolve to the same
History_of_cryptography
Hash functions
pseudorandom function and can also be used as a secure message authentication code (MAC). SipHash, however, is not a general purpose key-less hash function such
SipHash
Message-digest hashing algorithm
Wikifunctions has a function related to this topic. The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5
MD5
Steganography method
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Bacon's_cipher
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
Electronic Security Act (US) Dictionary attack Disk encryption Encrypted function Enigma machine Export of cryptography Geo-blocking Indistinguishability
Encryption
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
pseudonymous developer Satoshi Nakamoto. It used SHA-256, a cryptographic hash function, in its proof-of-work scheme. In April 2011, Namecoin was created as an
Cryptocurrency
Digital signature scheme
Typically a Schnorr group is used. All users agree on a cryptographic hash function H : { 0 , 1 } ∗ → Z / q Z {\displaystyle H:\{0,1\}^{*}\rightarrow \mathbb
Schnorr_signature
Unsolved problem in cryptography
Hash-based cryptography Non-commutative cryptography RSA problem Trapdoor function Tropical cryptography Standardization CRYPTREC IEEE P1363 NESSIE NSA
RSA_problem
Message sent to a certificate authority to apply for a certificate
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Certificate_signing_request
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
Cryptographic key length Distributed.net Hail Mary Cloud Key derivation function MD5CRK Metasploit Express Side-channel attack TWINKLE and TWIRL Unicity
Brute-force_attack
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
algebraic properties, the S-box is constructed by combining the inverse function with an invertible affine transformation. The S-box is also chosen to avoid
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Algorithm
standard. Another application is to build hash functions from block ciphers. See one-way compression function for descriptions of several such methods. Many
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
ciphertext. This combination is done using the Boolean "exclusive or" (XOR) function, symbolised by ⊕. This is represented by the following "truth table", where
Lorenz_cipher
Set of cryptographic hash functions
built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block
SHA-2
Free and open-source disk encryption utility
VeraCrypt includes optimizations to the original cryptographic hash functions and ciphers, which boost performance on modern central processing units
VeraCrypt
Form of public key cryptography
"disguised" version of W {\displaystyle W} . The private key also contains some "trapdoor" information that can be used to transform a hard knapsack problem using
Merkle–Hellman knapsack cryptosystem
Merkle–Hellman_knapsack_cryptosystem
Cryptographic primitives that involve lattices
as a worst-case lattice problem. She then showed a cryptographic hash function whose security is equivalent to the computational hardness of SIS. In 1998
Lattice-based_cryptography
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
HKDF is a multi-purpose key derivation function (KDF) based on the HMAC message authentication code. HKDF follows "extract-then-expand" paradigm, where
HKDF
Russian cryptographic hash function
The GOST hash function, defined in the standards GOST R 34.11-94 and GOST 34.311-95 is a 256-bit cryptographic hash function. It was initially defined
GOST_(hash_function)
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
attack on cryptographic hash functions tries to find a message that has a specific hash value. A cryptographic hash function should resist attacks on its
Preimage_attack
Encryption technique
Arlington Hall's ability to read the VENONA messages was spotty, being a function of the underlying code, key changes, and the lack of volume. Of the message
One-time_pad
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block
Substitution_cipher
Topics referred to by the same term
series Trapdoor (software), a piece of computer software used for network administration Trapdoor (company), a video game developer Trapdoor function, a type
Trapdoor_(disambiguation)
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian functionary.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex)
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex) : occupational name for a designer or engineer, from a Middle English reduced form of Old French engineor ‘contriver’ (a derivative of engaigne ‘cunning’, ‘ingenuity’, ‘stratagem’, ‘device’). Engineers in the Middle Ages were primarily designers and builders of military machines, although in peacetime they might turn their hands to architecture and other more pacific functions.German : from the Latin personal name Januarius (see January 1). Jänner is a South German word for ‘January’, and so it is possible that this is one of the surnames acquired from words denoting months of the year, for example by converts who had been baptized in that month, people who were born or baptized in that month, or people whose taxes were due in January.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by the gates of a medieval walled town. The Middle English singular gate is from the Old English plural, gatu, of geat ‘gate’ (see Yates). Since medieval gates were normally arranged in pairs, fastened in the center, the Old English plural came to function as a singular, and a new Middle English plural ending in -s was formed. In some cases the name may refer specifically to the Sussex place Eastergate (i.e. ‘eastern gate’), known also as Gates in the 13th and 14th centuries, when surnames were being acquired.Americanized spelling of German Götz (see Goetz).Translated form of French Barrière (see Barriere).In New England, Gates was the preferred English version of the name of an extensive French family, called Barrière dit Langevin.
Biblical
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Male
Egyptian
, a high Egyptian functionary.
Male
Egyptian
, Functionary of the Interior.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a dresser of cloth, Old English fullere (from Latin fullo, with the addition of the English agent suffix). The Middle English successor of this word had also been reinforced by Old French fouleor, foleur, of similar origin. The work of the fuller was to scour and thicken the raw cloth by beating and trampling it in water. This surname is found mostly in southeast England and East Anglia. See also Tucker and Walker.In a few cases the name may be of German origin with the same form and meaning as 1 (from Latin fullare).Americanized version of French Fournier.Samuel Fuller (1589–1633), born in Redenhall, Norfolk, England, was among the Pilgrim Fathers who sailed on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a deacon of the church and until his death functioned as Plymouth Colony’s physician.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian functionary.
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian, Japanese
Mysterious Function
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from the animal, Middle English catte ‘cat’. The word is found in similar forms in most European languages from very early times (e.g. Gaelic cath, Slavic kotu). Domestic cats were unknown in Europe in classical times, when weasels fulfilled many of their functions, for example in hunting rodents. They seem to have come from Egypt, where they were regarded as sacred animals.English : from a medieval female personal name, a short form of Catherine.Variant spelling of German and Dutch Katt.
Male
Egyptian
, the son of the functionary Heknofre.
Male
Celtic
, great justiciary, or functionary.
Male
Egyptian
, a great functionary.
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
Boy/Male
Hindu
Goddess Lakshmi, Lucky
Girl/Female
Australian, Hebrew
My Delight is in her; Diminutive of Hephzibah
Biblical
son; building; understanding
Male
Welsh
Welsh myth name of the lord of Dyfed and father of Pryderi, PWYLL means "sense."
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Master; Friend
Boy/Male
Arabic
Intelligent; Learned
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
The Biggest; Name of Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Egyptian Muslim
He shall add.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Bird in Arabic
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
One who Moves in the Sky
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
TRAPDOOR FUNCTION
n.
The doctrine that all the functions of a living organism are due to an unknown vital principle distinct from all chemical and physical forces.
v. i.
To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.
a.
Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.
n.
A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor.
n.
A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level.
pl.
of Functionary
n.
The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.
n. pl.
A division of Arachnida including those spiders which have four lungs, or pulmonary sacs. It includes the bird spiders (Mygale) and the trapdoor spiders. See Mygale.
v. t.
To assign to some function or office.
adv.
In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.
n.
One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.
n.
A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; -- called also weather door.
n.
A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x.
a.
Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.
v. i.
Alt. of Functionate
n.
A genus of very large hairy spiders having four lungs and only four spinnerets. They do not spin webs, but usually construct tubes in the earth, which are often furnished with a trapdoor. The South American bird spider (Mygale avicularia), and the crab spider, or matoutou (M. cancerides) are among the largest species. Some of the species are erroneously called tarantulas, as the Texas tarantula (M. Hentzii).
n.
A certain function relating to a system of forces and their points of application, -- first used by Clausius in the investigation of problems in molecular physics.
n.
A small portion of certain anthers, which opens like a trapdoor to allow the pollen to escape, as in the barberry.
a.
Belonging or relating to life, either animal or vegetable; as, vital energies; vital functions; vital actions.
a.
Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.