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Set of cryptographic hash functions
that are 224, 256, 384 or 512 bits: SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, SHA-512/256. SHA-256 and SHA-512 are hash functions whose digests
SHA-2
Set of cryptographic hash functions
of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2. SHA-3 is a subset of the broader cryptographic
SHA-3
Cryptographic hash function
against SHA-1 are practical. As such, it is recommended to remove SHA-1 from products as soon as possible and instead use SHA-2 or SHA-3. Replacing SHA-1 is
SHA-1
Family of cryptographic hash functions
SHA), FIPS PUB 180-1 (SHA-1), FIPS PUB 180-2 (SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512). NIST has updated Draft FIPS Publication 202, SHA-3 Standard separate
Secure_Hash_Algorithms
Computer communications authentication algorithm
key prior to communication. Any cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-2 or SHA-3, may be used in the calculation of an HMAC; the resulting MAC algorithm
HMAC
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
Documents may refer to SHA-1 as just "SHA", even though this may conflict with the other Secure Hash Algorithms such as SHA-0, SHA-2, and SHA-3. RIPEMD (RACE
Cryptographic_hash_function
Computer network management and monitoring protocol
(Proposed|Historic) — HMAC-SHA-2 Authentication Protocols in the User-based Security Model (USM) for SNMPv3 RFC 7860 (Proposed) — HMAC-SHA-2 Authentication Protocols
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
Message-digest hashing algorithm
for further use", and most U.S. government applications now require the SHA-2 family of hash functions. In 2012, the Flame malware exploited the weaknesses
MD5
Type of data structure
child nodes under each node. Usually, a cryptographic hash function such as SHA-2 is used for the hashing. If the hash tree only needs to protect against
Merkle_tree
Competition to develop SHA-3
function called SHA-3 to complement the older SHA-1 and SHA-2. The competition was formally announced in the Federal Register on November 2, 2007. "NIST
NIST hash function competition
NIST_hash_function_competition
Password-based key derivation function
('md5crypt') $2$: Blowfish-based crypt ('bcrypt') $sha1$: SHA-1-based crypt ('sha1crypt') $5$: SHA-256-based crypt ('sha256crypt') $6$: SHA-512-based crypt
Bcrypt
Cryptographic hash function
block, XORed with round constants, is added before each ChaCha round. Like SHA-2, there are two variants differing in the word size. ChaCha operates on a
BLAKE_(hash_function)
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
versions before 1.2, the input data is split in halves that are each processed with a different hashing primitive (SHA-1 and SHA-2) then XORed together
Message_authentication_code
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
idea of "reusable proof of work" using the 160-bit secure hash algorithm 1 (SHA-1). Proof of work was later popularized by Bitcoin as a foundation for consensus
Proof_of_work
Cryptographic hash function
competition. Entered as a candidate to become the SHA-3 standard, the successor of SHA-1 and SHA-2, it ultimately lost to NIST hash candidate Keccak.
Skein_(hash_function)
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
MD5, but cryptanalysts have identified attacks against it; the SHA-2 family improves on SHA-1, but is vulnerable to clashes as of 2011; and the US standards
Cryptography
Chinese actor (born 1998)
Eleven All tracks are written by Dylan Wang, Wang Qiming (WatchMe) and Pu Sha. "《苍兰诀》热播中，西航明星学长王鹤棣再被考古上热搜" ["Love Between Fairy and Devil" is a hit, Southwest
Dylan_Wang
Key derivation function
therefore, when using HMAC-SHA1, it is pre-hashed using SHA-1 into: SHA1 (hex): 65426b585154667542717027635463617226672a Which can be
PBKDF2
Password cracking dataset
variety of character sets and hashing algorithms, including LM hash, MD5, and SHA-1. In the simple case where the reduction function and the hash function
Rainbow_table
Version of Windows Server, released in 2008
Windows updates with the SHA-2 algorithm. As a result of this Microsoft released several updates throughout 2019 to add SHA-2 signing support to Windows
Windows_Server_2008
Attack against cryptographical hash functions
MD5, SHA-1 and most of SHA-2 that are based on the Merkle–Damgård construction are susceptible to this kind of attack. Truncated versions of SHA-2, including
Length_extension_attack
Hash functions
attacker to find two messages X and Y such that SHA(X) = SHA(Y), even though anyone may compute SHA(X). SipHash instead guarantees that, having seen
SipHash
Method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions
was used in the design of many popular hash algorithms such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2. The Merkle–Damgård construction was described in Ralph Merkle's Ph
Merkle–Damgård_construction
Theory of cryptography
Retrieved March 27, 2023. Boutin, Chad (2 October 2012). "NIST Selects Winner of Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-3) Competition". NIST. Retrieved 4 October
Sponge_function
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
"AES-GCM for Efficient Authenticated Encryption – Ending the Reign of HMAC-SHA-1?" (PDF). Workshop on Real-World Cryptography. Retrieved 8 February 2013
Galois/Counter_Mode
Techniques to protect against brute-force attack
usually SHA-2 (up to 512 bits), or used as an encryption key to encrypt static data. These examples assume that a consumer CPU can do about 65,000 SHA-1 hashes
Key_stretching
Cryptography algorithm
for the next message is insecure (for example, this method was used by SSL 2.0). If an attacker knows the IV (or the previous block of ciphertext) before
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
derivation of a supplied key input". php.net. Eastlake, Donald; Hansen, Tony (2011). "US Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)". IETF.
HKDF
2015 password-based key derivation function
a Creative Commons CC0 license (i.e. public domain) or the Apache License 2.0. The Argon2 function uses a large, fixed-size memory region (often called
Argon2
Cryptographic attack
Application to Full SHA-1" (PDF). Gaëtan Leurent; Thomas Peyrin (2020-01-05). "SHA-1 is a Shambles - First Chosen-Prefix Collision on SHA-1 and Application
Collision_attack
Cryptographic hash function
is 128 bits. The algorithm has influenced later designs, such as the MD5, SHA-1 and RIPEMD algorithms. The initialism "MD" stands for "Message Digest"
MD4
Encryption method
different authenticated encryption modes (namely offset codebook mode 2.0, OCB 2.0; Key Wrap; counter with CBC-MAC, CCM; encrypt then authenticate then
Authenticated_encryption
Software that calculates and verifies SHA-1 hashes
sha512sum, which use a specific SHA-2 hash function and b2sum, which uses the BLAKE2 cryptographic hash function. The SHA-1 variants are proven vulnerable
Sha1sum
Suite of IETF specifications
Deliberately Unvalidatable Root Zone (DURZ). The zone uses signatures of a SHA-2 (SHA-256) hash created using the RSA algorithm, as defined in RFC 5702. As
Domain Name System Security Extensions
Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions
Cryptographic hash function
result is necessary. While RIPEMD functions are less popular than SHA-1 and SHA-2, they are used, among others, in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies
RIPEMD
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
2020-03-29. Bruce Morton; Clayton Smith (2014-01-30). "Why We Need to Move to SHA-2". Certificate Authority Security Council. "Google Online Security Blog:
Preimage_attack
Set of cryptographic algorithms by the NSA
CNSA 1.0, CNSA 2.0: Suggests separate post-quantum algorithms (XMSS/LMS) for software/firmware signing for use immediately Allows SHA-512 Announced the
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite
Commercial_National_Security_Algorithm_Suite
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
Function (PBKDF) with an approved Pseudorandom Function such as HMAC with SHA-3 as the hash function of the HMAC. The NIST recommendation is also to perform
Pepper_(cryptography)
Additionally, these browsers are incapable of using SHA-2 family signature hash algorithms like SHA-256. Certification authorities are trying to phase
Server-Gated_Cryptography
Digital signature scheme
signature scheme using SHA-512 (SHA-2) and an elliptic curve related to Curve25519 where q = 2 255 − 19 , {\displaystyle q=2^{255}-19,} E / F q {\displaystyle
EdDSA
Type of cryptographic attack
suppose that the digital signature of a string is the first byte of its SHA-256 hash. The pair found is indicated in green – note that finding a pair
Birthday_attack
Key derivation function of password hash
based on the SHA-2 (SHA-256 and SHA-512) hash functions. The printable form of these hashes starts with $5$ (for SHA-256) or $6$ (for SHA-512) depending
Crypt_(C)
64-bit extension of the ARM architecture
floating-point format Fully IEEE 754 compliant AES encrypt/decrypt and SHA-1/SHA-2 hashing instructions also use these registers A new exception system:
AArch64
2000 studio album by Ben Kweller
Sha Sha is the debut album by American indie rock singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and former Radish member Ben Kweller. The album was originally
Sha_Sha_(album)
Cryptographic hash function
Interagency Report 7764 (February 2011). "Status Report on the Second Round of the SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition" (PDF): 20–21. {{cite journal}}:
Shabal
History of web browser protocol support
Symantec. Archived from the original on 2015-12-31. Retrieved 2014-07-28. "SHA-256 Compatibility". Archived from the original on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2015-06-12
Version history for TLS/SSL support in web browsers
Version_history_for_TLS/SSL_support_in_web_browsers
Cryptographic algorithm for digital signatures
e={\textrm {HASH}}(m)} . (Here HASH is a cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-2, with the output converted to an integer.) Let z {\displaystyle z} be the
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Cryptographic network protocol
SHA-256 Algorithm with RSA, Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), and Elliptic Curve DSA (ECDSA) in SSHFP Resource Records (April 2012) RFC 6668 – SHA-2
Secure_Shell
Publicly known attacks against cryptographic hash functions
Reduced SHA-0 and SHA-1. Crypto 2008. Kazumaro Aoki; Jian Guo; Krystian Matusiewicz; Yu Sasaki; Lei Wang (2009-12-10). Preimages for Step-Reduced SHA-2. Asiacrypt
Hash function security summary
Hash_function_security_summary
Israeli political party
Shas (Hebrew: ש״ס) is a Haredi religious political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained
Shas
2009 password-based key derivation function
attacks CostFactor (N): Integer CPU/memory cost parameter – Must be a power of 2 (e.g. 1024) BlockSizeFactor (r): Integer blocksize parameter, which fine-tunes
Scrypt
2001 Microsoft operating system version
the Windows Update service for SHA-1 endpoints for older Windows versions. Since Windows XP did not get an update for SHA-2, Windows Update Services are
Windows_XP
Password-based key derivation function
The function is more resistant to offline password-cracking attacks than SHA-512. It is based on scrypt. It was designed by Alexander Peslyak, also known
Yescrypt
Cryptographic hash function
compatibility with protocols assuming a particular hash size. Unlike the SHA-2 family, no distinguishing initialization values are defined; they are simply
Tiger_(hash_function)
District in Hong Kong
Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Sha Tin District. Sha Tin is one of the neighbourhoods of the Sha Tin New Town project. The new town was founded
Sha_Tin
Cryptographic hash function
number generators. The algorithm is public and is considered similar to SHA-256 in security and efficiency. SM3 can be used with Transport Layer Security
SM3_(hash_function)
Russian cryptographic hash function
defined in the old standard GOST R 34.11-94, and as an asymmetric reply to SHA-3 competition by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology. The
Streebog
Urban area in Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tsim Sha Tsui (Chinese: 尖沙咀), often abbreviated as TST, is an area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong
Tsim_Sha_Tsui
instances to be ϕ k n ( t ) := 2 n / 2 ϕ (Sha) ( 2 n t − k ) {\displaystyle \phi _{k}^{n}(t):=2^{n/2}\phi ^{\text{(Sha)}}(2^{n}t-k)} where the parameter
Shannon_wavelet
Concept in cryptography
stateful schemes. Hash functions appropriate for these schemes include SHA-2, SHA-3 and BLAKE. The stateless hash-based scheme SLH-DSA is specified in FIPS-205
Hash-based_cryptography
Concept in cryptography
ISBN 0-387-16463-4. Vaughn, R.; Borowczak, M. Strict Avalanche Criterion of SHA-256 and Sub-Function-Removed Variants. Cryptography 2024, 8, 40. https://doi
Avalanche_effect
Tables comparing general and technical information for common hashes
speed on various platforms The ECRYPT Hash Function Website – A wiki for cryptographic hash functions SHA-3 Project – Information about SHA-3 competition
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
Comparison_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Meitei dragon lion
Meitei mythology and Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur, Kanglā shā (Meitei: ꯀꯡꯂꯥ ꯁꯥ, lit. 'beast of the Kangla') is a sacred guardian beast
Kanglā_shā
Universal hash family used for message authentication in cryptography
i − 16 ] + 2 8 m [ 16 i − 15 ] + 2 16 m [ 16 i − 14 ] + ⋯ + 2 120 m [ 16 i − 1 ] + 2 128 , {\displaystyle c_{i}=m[16i-16]+2^{8}m[16i-15]+2^{16}m[16i-14]+\cdots
Poly1305
American rapper
Chalim Perry (born April 8, 2003), known professionally as Sha EK (Sha Everything K), is an American rapper. He is signed to Warner Music and Defiant
Sha_EK
2019 studio album by Fontaines D.C.
9) Tom Coll – drums (1–11), tambourine (8, 10), miscellaneous percussion (2) Conor Deegan – bass guitar (1–11), piano (4), baritone guitar (5), surf guitar
Dogrel
Cryptographic hash function
to the NIST SHA-3 competition. However, on July 1, 2009, Rivest posted a comment at NIST that MD6 is not yet ready to be a candidate for SHA-3 because of
MD6
Decentralized digital cryptocurrency
blockchain is implemented as an ordered list of blocks. Each block contains a SHA-256 hash of the previous block, chaining them in chronological order. The
Bitcoin
Obsolete cryptographic hash function
status in 2011, citing "signs of weakness". It is deprecated in favor of SHA-256 and other strong hashing algorithms. Nevertheless, as of 2014[update]
MD2_(hash_function)
Chinese actor
Ci Sha (Chinese: 此沙; born May 3, 1997) is a Chinese actor of Yi ethnicity. He is known for his roles Guo Jing in the TV series The Legend of Heroes and
Ci_Sha
Cryptographic hash function
ISBN 978-3-642-13857-7. "NIST Selects Winner of Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-3) Competition" (Press release). NIST. 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
JH_(hash_function)
List of hash functions Comparison of cryptographic hash functions SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 SHA-3 competition RSA (cryptosystem) X.509 Pretty Good Privacy Diffie-Hellman
List of cybersecurity information technologies
List_of_cybersecurity_information_technologies
American actor and racecar driver (born 1966)
Telegraph. London, UK. Van Gelder, Lawrence (October 2, 1987). "New Faces: Patrick Dempsey, 2 Films, 2 Looks". The New York Times.[permanent dead link] 1981
Patrick_Dempsey
NaSHA is a hash function accepted as a first round SHA-3 candidate for the NIST hash function competition. NaSHA was designed by Smile Markovski and Aleksandra
NaSHA
Japanese video game developer
NanaOn-Sha Co., Ltd. (株式会社七音社, Kabushiki-gaisha NanaOn-Sha) is a Japanese video game developer founded by Masaya Matsuura in 1993. The title of the company
NanaOn-Sha
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
such as PBKDF2, are based on a recognized cryptographic hash, such as SHA-2, use more salt (at least 64 bits and chosen randomly) and a high iteration
Key_derivation_function
Japanese manga series
Gakuen! Ando Sō On) was published by Kodansha on September 19, 2008. Blame!2 (ブラム!2, Buramu! Tsū; stylized as BLAME!²), subtitled Chronicle of the Escape from
Blame!
Cryptography number with no hidden properties
produce the hash constants in their "Secure Hash Algorithm" functions, SHA-1 and SHA-2. SHA-1 also uses 0123456789ABCDEFFEDCBA9876543210F0E1D2C3 as its initial
Nothing-up-my-sleeve_number
Cryptographic hash function
scheme defined in the ISO/IEC 10118-1 standard (the same used for md5, sha-2, and others): Append a '1' bit; Append as many '0' bits as needed for the
Whirlpool_(hash_function)
Japanese light novel series
publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō. It was later acquired by Shufu to Seikatsu Sha, who have published twenty-one volumes since May 2015 under their PASH! Books
Kuma_Kuma_Kuma_Bear
English Professional Wrestler
Shaaheen Hosseinpour (born 27 February 1985), better known by the ring name Sha Samuels, is an English professional wrestler performing for Revolution Pro
Sha_Samuels
American rock and roll band
Sha Na Na was an American rock and roll and doo-wop revival group formed in 1969. The group performed a song-and-dance repertoire based on 1950s hit songs
Sha_Na_Na
Distributed data store for digital transactions
Time-Stamping". Sequences. Vol. 2. pp. 329–334. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.71.4891. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9323-8_24. ISBN 978-1-4613-9325-2. Oberhaus, Daniel (27 August
Blockchain
Password recovery software
Network Computing (VNC) Triple DES MD2 hashes MD4 hashes MD5 hashes SHA-1 hashes SHA-2 hashes RIPEMD-160 hashes Kerberos 5 hashes RADIUS shared key hashes
Cain_and_Abel_(software)
done. Only a few years ago[when?], one of the most popular hash functions, SHA-1, was shown to be less secure than its length suggested: collisions could
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
District in New Territories, Hong Kong
Sha Tin District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. As one of the 9 districts located in the New Territories, it covers the areas of Sha Tin, Tai
Sha_Tin_District
Japanese light novel series
Seikatsu Sha. 2 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023. 妃教育から逃げたい私（文庫）3 (in Japanese). Shufu to Seikatsu Sha. Archived
I Want to Escape from Princess Lessons
I_Want_to_Escape_from_Princess_Lessons
Operation of checking the integrity of file
practice recommendations is to use SHA-2 or SHA-3 to generate new file integrity digests; and to accept MD5 and SHA-1 digests for backward compatibility
File_verification
Message authentication code algorithm
computation of the CBC-MAC of a message comprising blocks m 1 ‖ m 2 ‖ ⋯ ‖ m x {\displaystyle m_{1}\|m_{2}\|\cdots \|m_{x}} using a secret key k and a block cipher
CBC-MAC
Cryptography is available to .NET Framework. Suite B consists of AES, the SHA-2 family of hashing algorithms, elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman, and elliptic
.NET Framework version history
.NET_Framework_version_history
Number whose square is a given number
notation system. The square roots of small integers are used in both the SHA-1 and SHA-2 hash function designs to provide nothing up my sleeve numbers. A result
Square_root
Digital rights management system
It supports the EPUB publication format. It uses AES-256 encryption with SHA-2 hashing. It uses X.509 digital certificates. It has SDK for Swift and Kotlin
Readium_LCP
LMP2 race car
French former racing driver Guy Ligier. Designed for the Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) regulations, it is intended as a second option to Onroak's Morgan LMP2
Ligier_JS_P2
Indian television series
A.I.SHA My Virtual Girlfriend is an Indian drama-mystery, digital science fiction thriller streaming television series by Arré. The series revolves around
A.I.SHA
Computer-networking protocol defined in RFC 2845
(SHA1) hashing and FIPS PUB 180-2 SHA-2 hashing to replace MD5. The 160-bit and 256-bit digests generated by SHA1 and SHA-2 are more secure than the 128-bit
TSIG
Method of negotiating credentials between web server and browser
7616 replaced RFC 2617 by adding 4 new algorithms: "SHA-256", "SHA-256-sess", "SHA-512-256" and "SHA-512-256-sess". The encoding is equivalent to "MD5"
Digest_access_authentication
System to identify resources on a network
Authenticated Denial of Existence," Proposed Standard. RFC 5702 – "Use of SHA-2 Algorithms with RSA in DNSKEY and RRSIG Resource Records for DNSSEC," Proposed
Domain_Name_System
Le Mans Prototype 1 racing car by Porsche
In 2015, the car was further developed and was categorized into the 8 MJ (2.2 kWh) category. Bernhard, Hartley, and Webber won four out of eight races
Porsche_919_Hybrid
American businessman (born 1971)
the firm have an interest in cryptocurrency. In 2021, the firm launched a $2.2 billion crypto-focused fund, which was followed by a 2022 $4.5 billion fund
Marc_Andreessen
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
2016). "Estimating the cost of generic quantum pre-image attacks on SHA-2 and SHA-3". arXiv:1603.09383 [quant-ph]. Dyakonov, M. I. (14 October 2006).
Quantum_computing
SHA 2
SHA 2
SHA 2
SHA 2
SHA 2
SHA 2
SHA 2
SHA 2
SHA 2