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Function used in computer cryptography
computer science Do one-way functions exist? More unsolved problems in computer science In computer science, a one-way function is a function that is easy to
One-way_function
Cryptographic primitive
a one-way compression function is a function that transforms two fixed-length inputs into a fixed-length output. The transformation is "one-way", meaning
One-way_compression_function
One-way cryptographic tool
functions are a special case of one-way functions and are widely used in public-key cryptography. In mathematical terms, if f is a trapdoor function,
Trapdoor_function
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
such that h = hash(m). This concept is related to that of a one-way function. Functions that lack this property are vulnerable to preimage attacks. Second
Cryptographic_hash_function
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up one-way in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. One-way or one way may refer to: One-way traffic, a street either facilitating only one-way traffic
One-way
predicate of a one-way function f is a predicate b (i.e., a function whose output is a single bit) which is easy to compute (as a function of x) but is
Hard-core_predicate
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
a prime number. However, they left open the problem of realizing a one-way function, possibly because the difficulty of factoring was not well-studied
RSA_cryptosystem
Cryptographic signature scheme
signatures is based on the security of the one-way hash function and the length of its output. For a hash function that generates an n-bit message digest
Lamport_signature
|f_{k}\rangle } In both cases f is a one-way quantum function that has the same properties as a classical one-way function. That is, the result is easy to
Quantum_digital_signature
Exponentation in modular arithmetic
exponent e when given b, c, and m – is believed to be difficult. This one-way function behavior makes modular exponentiation a candidate for use in cryptographic
Modular_exponentiation
The existence of pseudorandom generators is related to the existence of one-way functions
existence of pseudorandom generators is related to the existence of one-way functions through a number of theorems, collectively referred to as the pseudorandom
Pseudorandom generator theorem
Pseudorandom_generator_theorem
Password that can only be used once
algorithm, credited to Leslie Lamport, uses a one-way function (call it f {\displaystyle f} ). This one-time password system works as follows: A seed
One-time_password
Unreproducible object used in digital security
A physical unclonable function, or PUF, is a physical object whose operation cannot be reproduced ("cloned") in physical way (by making another system
Physical_unclonable_function
In cryptography a universal one-way hash function (UOWHF, often pronounced "woof") is a type of universal hash function of particular importance to cryptography
Universal one-way hash function
Universal_one-way_hash_function
Suite of Microsoft security protocols
also uses one of two one-way functions, depending on the NTLM version; NT LanMan and NTLM version 1 use the DES-based LanMan one-way function (LMOWF),
NTLM
Cryptographic scheme
that, commitment via one-way hash functions was considered, e.g., as part of, say, Lamport signature, the original one-time one-bit signature scheme.
Commitment_scheme
Stream cipher
indicate that VMPC is not a good candidate for a cryptographic one-way function". The VMPC function is used in an encryption algorithm – the VMPC stream cipher
Variably Modified Permutation Composition
Variably_Modified_Permutation_Composition
to reverse, if reversal is possible at all. A classic example of a one-way function is multiplication of very large prime numbers. It's fairly quick to
History_of_cryptography
Security architecture implemented in hardware
In this respect it is the hardware analog of a one-way function. The name "physical unclonable function" might be a little misleading as some PUFs are
Hardware_security
Association of one output to each input
mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. The set X is called the domain of the function and the
Function_(mathematics)
Password cracking dataset
ineffective against one-way hashes that include large salts. For example, consider a password hash that is generated using the following function (where "+" is
Rainbow_table
have a one-way function, where there is either no restriction or no movement in one direction. Delay valves are usually color-coded to their function. 1988
Vacuum_delay_valve
Formal concept in theoretical computer science and cryptography
been proven that pseudorandom generators can be constructed from any one-way function which are believed to exist. Pseudorandom generators are necessary
Pseudorandom_generator
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Verifiable unpredictable function, a public-key one-way function in cryptography; see Verifiable random function Vänsterns Ungdomsförbund (lit. 'Youth
VUF
Pseudorandom number generator
Manuel Blum and Michael Shub that is derived from Michael O. Rabin's one-way function. Blum Blum Shub takes the form x n + 1 = x n 2 mod M {\displaystyle
Blum_Blum_Shub
Cryptographic system with public and private keys
are generated with algorithms based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions. Security of public-key cryptography depends on keeping the private
Public-key_cryptography
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
which is not built on trapdoor functions but rather on a family of function with a much weaker required property of one-way permutation was presented by
Digital_signature
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master
Key_derivation_function
Traffic that moves in a single direction
One-way traffic (or uni-directional traffic) is traffic that moves in a single direction. A one-way street is a street either facilitating only one-way
One-way_traffic
American computer scientist
include: the construction of a pseudorandom number generator from any one-way function, his proof of Yao's XOR lemma via "hard core sets", his proof of the
Russell_Impagliazzo
Mathematical function
provably secure if the probability of security failure (e.g., inverting a one-way function, distinguishing cryptographically strong pseudorandom bits from truly
Negligible_function
Topics referred to by the same term
universal one-way function is a function that is known to be one-way if one-way functions exist. In mathematics, a universal function is one that contains
Universal_function
Function defined by multiple sub-functions
("subdomains") on which the function may be defined differently. Piecewise definition is actually a way of specifying the function, rather than a characteristic
Piecewise_function
Algorithm that generates an approximation of a random number sequence
(cryptographically) secure PRNG can be constructed generically from any one-way function, this generic construction is extremely slow in practice, so is mainly
Pseudorandom_number_generator
Unsolved problem in computer science
time), meaning the task completion time is bounded above by a polynomial function on the size of the input to the algorithm. The general class of questions
P_versus_NP_problem
Obfuscation methods used in tracking users
MAC address anonymization performs a one-way function on a MAC address so that the result may be used in tracking systems for reporting and the general
MAC_address_anonymization
distributed point function from another cryptographic primitive, a one-way function. In the other direction, if a distributed point function is known, then
Distributed_point_function
Family of solutions to related differential equations
subtracted, to yield various other relations. In this way, for example, one can compute Bessel functions of higher orders (or higher derivatives) given the
Bessel_function
Mathematical object
\mathbb {Z} [x]/(x^{n}-1)} , and presented the first provably secure one-way function based on the worst-case hardness of the restriction of Poly(n)-SVP
Ideal_lattice
Stream cipher
Distinguishing Attack on VMPC and RC4A (PDF) Bartosz Zoltak (2004), "VMPC One-Way Function and Stream Cipher" (PDF), Fast Software Encryption, FSE 2004 (PDF)
RC4
Russian mathematician
and Rudich showed that, under the assumption that certain kinds of one-way functions exist, such proofs cannot give a resolution of the P = NP problem
Alexander_Razborov
Information theorist and cryptographer
In cryptography he is known for his contributions showing that any one-way function can be used as the basis for private cryptography, and for his analysis
Michael_Luby
Type of cipher
stream cipher. Cryptographic hash functions can be built using block ciphers. See the one-way compression function for descriptions of several such methods
Block_cipher
Transforming a function in such a way that it only takes a single argument
a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of families of functions, each taking a single argument. In the prototypical example, one begins
Currying
Mathematical relation assigning a probability event to a cost
theory, a loss function or cost function (sometimes also called an error function) is a function that maps an event or values of one or more variables
Loss_function
Authentication method
original data cannot be calculated from the hash (because the hash function is a one way function), the TSA never gets to see the original data, which allows
Trusted_timestamping
Block cipher
however, is more complex, expanding the key using an essentially one-way function with the binary expansions of both e and the golden ratio as sources
RC5
Mathematical function, denoted exp(x) or e^x
In mathematics, the exponential function is the unique real function which maps zero to one and has a derivative everywhere equal to its value. It is
Exponential_function
There is a generic complexity version of a one-way function which yields the same class of functions but allows one to consider different security assumptions
Generic-case_complexity
Statistical test
In statistics, one-way analysis of variance (or one-way ANOVA) is a technique to compare whether two or more samples' means are significantly different
One-way_analysis_of_variance
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
quantum state.[page needed] If one attempts to read the encoded data, the quantum state will be changed due to wave function collapse (no-cloning theorem)
Quantum_cryptography
One-to-one correspondence
In mathematics, a bijection, bijective function, or one-to-one correspondence is a function between two sets such that each element of the second set (the
Bijection
Measure of algorithmic complexity
Kolmogorov complexity is related to the question of whether true one-way functions exist. Berry paradox Code golf Data compression Descriptive complexity
Kolmogorov_complexity
such that h = hash(m). This concept is related to that of the one-way function. Functions that lack this property are vulnerable to pre-image attacks.
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Discrete model of computation
Cellular automata have been proposed for public-key cryptography. The one-way function is the evolution of a finite CA whose inverse is believed to be hard
Cellular_automaton
Generalized function whose value is zero everywhere except at zero
is not a function in the traditional sense as no extended real number valued function defined on the real numbers has these properties. One way to rigorously
Dirac_delta_function
to solve the conjugacy search problem, then the function x → ux can be considered as a one-way function. A non-commutative group that is used in a particular
Non-commutative_cryptography
Mathematical description of quantum state
In quantum mechanics, a wave function (or wavefunction) is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system. The most common
Wave_function
Topics referred to by the same term
Digital fingerprint may refer to: Message digest, the output of a one-way function when applied to a stream of data Public key fingerprint, short sequence
Digital_fingerprint
Method of mathematical integration
French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is one way to make this concept rigorous and to extend it to more general functions. The Lebesgue integral is more general
Lebesgue_integral
Message authentication code algorithm
(MACs). One-way compression function – Hash functions can be made from block ciphers. But note, there are significant differences in function and uses
CBC-MAC
American cryptographer (born 1963)
constructing statistical zero-knowledge proofs for NP based on any one-way function (see NOVY and ECCC TR06-075). 1991 Introduced (with M. Yung) the notion
Rafail_Ostrovsky
Type of cryptographic software obfuscation
this case, BPP ≠ NP, but one-way functions do not exist; as a result, iO does not exist. Minicrypt: In this case, one-way functions exist, but secure public-key
Indistinguishability obfuscation
Indistinguishability_obfuscation
Degree of differentiability of a function or map
complex-valued functions, one may still speak of C k {\displaystyle C^{k}} or C ∞ {\displaystyle C^{\infty }} smoothness by regarding the function as a map
Smoothness
{\displaystyle k} -creative language whose productive function is not polynomial-time-invertible. Therefore, if one-way permutations exist, the k {\displaystyle k}
Polynomial_creativity
Problem in cryptography
The motivation for this problem is that many security systems use one-way functions: mathematical operations that are fast to compute, but hard to reverse
Diffie–Hellman_problem
Functions of an angle
mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of
Trigonometric_functions
Extension of the factorial function
gamma function. One way to prove equivalence would be to find a differential equation that characterizes the gamma function. Most special functions in applied
Gamma_function
Subset sum problem 3SUM Traveling salesman problem Vertex cover problem One-way function Set cover problem Independent set problem Probabilistic algorithm,
List of computability and complexity topics
List_of_computability_and_complexity_topics
Algorithm to solve the discrete logarithm problem
a\mapsto a^{x}} for a fixed x ∈ N {\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {N} } is a one-way function used in cryptography. Several cryptographic methods are based on the
Function_field_sieve
Lemma in cryptography
R. Impagliazzo, L. A. Levin and M. Luby. A Pseudorandom Generator from any One-way Function. SIAM Journal on Computing, v28 n4, pp. 1364-1396, 1999.
Leftover_hash_lemma
Cryptographic model of a random function
repeated, it responds the same way every time that query is submitted. Stated differently, a random oracle is a mathematical function chosen uniformly at random
Random_oracle
Topics referred to by the same term
may refer to: Oceania Weightlifting Federation Ohio Works First One-way function one world foundation Open Web Foundation Order of Women Freemasons Offshore
OWF
Class of mathematical functions
Intuitively, subharmonic functions are related to convex functions of one variable as follows. If the graph of a convex function and a line intersect at
Subharmonic_function
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, though there are some hash functions that support
Hash_function
Indicator function of positive numbers
The Heaviside step function, or the unit step function, usually denoted by H or θ (but sometimes u, 1 or 𝟙), is a step function named after Oliver Heaviside
Heaviside_step_function
Integral expressing the amount of overlap of one function as it is shifted over another
product of the two functions after one is reflected about the y-axis and shifted. The term convolution refers to both the resulting function and to the process
Convolution
cryptograph • OMNI (SCIP) • One-key MAC • One-time pad • One-time password • One-way compression function • One-way function • Onion routing • Online Certificate
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
checksum. Hash function security summary Secure Hash Algorithms NIST hash function competition Key derivation functions (category) "Hash functions". www.azillionmonkeys
List_of_hash_functions
Algorithm characteristic in computations
existence of one-way functions. Although the existence of one-way functions is still an open problem, many candidate one-way functions are based on hard
Average-case_complexity
Form of public key cryptography
that time they proposed the general concept of a "trap-door one-way function", a function whose inverse is computationally infeasible to calculate without
Merkle–Hellman knapsack cryptosystem
Merkle–Hellman_knapsack_cryptosystem
Basic cryptographic algorithm used to build cryptographic protocols
systems. These routines include, but are not limited to, one-way hash functions and encryption functions. When creating cryptographic systems, designers use
Cryptographic_primitive
Entity that can be evaluated and is hard to predict
"Physical One-Way Functions", PhD Thesis, MIT, 2001. Physical One-Way Functions. Pappu, R.; Recht, B.; Taylor, J.; Gershenfeld, N. (2002). "Physical One-Way functions"
Types of physical unclonable function
Types_of_physical_unclonable_function
Function uniquely mapping two numbers into a single number
mathematics, a pairing function is a process to uniquely encode two natural numbers into a single natural number. Any pairing function can be used in set
Pairing_function
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
examples of cryptographic primitives include pseudorandom functions, one-way functions, etc. One or more cryptographic primitives are often used to develop
Cryptography
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
Manber, Udi (1996). "A simple scheme to make passwords based on one-way functions much harder to crack". Computers & Security. 15 (2): 171–176. doi:10
Pepper_(cryptography)
Approximating an arbitrary function with a well-behaved one
general, a function approximation problem asks us to select a function that closely matches ("approximates") a function in a task-specific way.[better source needed]
Function_approximation
Residential skyscraper in Singapore
One Shenton is a high end real estate redevelopment project with 341 apartments along Shenton Way in the Tanjong Pagar area of Singapore. It consists
One_Shenton_Way
Function with a repeating pattern
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves
Periodic_function
Analytic function in mathematics
The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the lowercase Greek letter ζ (zeta), is a mathematical function of a complex variable
Riemann_zeta_function
Special functions of several complex variables
mathematics, theta functions are special functions of several complex variables. Fundamentally, they are a family of continuous functions which encode the
Theta_function
Process that cannot be undone
Entropy (arrow of time) Exergy Reversible process (thermodynamics) One way function Non-equilibrium thermodynamics Symmetry breaking Lucia, U (1995). "Mathematical
Irreversible_process
Real function with secant line between points above the graph itself
function is called convex if the line segment between any two distinct points on the graph of the function lies above or on the graph of the function
Convex_function
Branch of mathematics studying functions of a complex variable
complex functions are defined in this way, including the complex exponential function, complex logarithm functions, and trigonometric functions. Complex
Complex_analysis
Vote counting system
accomplished by applying a cryptographic one-way function to the information. Though the result of this function, the commitment, is made public, the actual
Punchscan
Number, approximately 3.14
vibration of the string. One way to show this is by estimating the energy, which satisfies Wirtinger's inequality: for a function f : [ 0 , 1 ] → C {\displaystyle
Pi
Function that is continuous everywhere but differentiable nowhere
mathematics, the Weierstrass function, named after its discoverer, Karl Weierstrass, is an example of a real-valued function that is continuous everywhere
Weierstrass_function
Abstract machine that models computation
believed to be in NP, but under assumptions about the existence of one-way functions, a prover can convince the verifier of the solution without ever giving
Interactive_proof_system
Configuration file for computer networking
URL. A PAC file contains a JavaScript function FindProxyForURL(url, host). This function returns a string with one or more access method specifications
Proxy_auto-config
Mathematical function such that every output has at least one input
least one element x in the function's domain such that f(x) = y. In other words, for a function f : X → Y, the codomain Y is the image of the function's domain
Surjective_function
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian
Sunshine; Bright; Day
Female
Hawaiian
Hawaiian name NOE means "mist; misty rain."
Boy/Male
British, English
Variant of Wayland; From the Land by the Path
Male
Scandinavian
 Variant spelling of Scandinavian Kai, CAY means "lord." Compare with another form of Cay.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname from Middle English, Old French jay(e), gai ‘jay’ (the bird), probably referring to an idle chatterer or a showy person, although the jay was also noted for its thieving habits.The name is associated with a Huguenot family from La Rochelle, France, who settled in New Amsterdam. Peter Jay was the scion of the NY Jays; his son John (1745–1829) was a U.S. diplomat and first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Male
English
 Short form of English names beginning with Gay-, such as Gabriel "man of God" or "warrior of God," and Gaylord, GAY means "dandy." Compare with feminine Gay.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word fay, from Old English faie, FAY means "fairy." This name was in use in the 19th century when an interest in medieval times and Arthurian legends--brought about mostly by Tennyson's Idylls of the King--led to the use of such names as Fay and Morgan, Percival, and Tristan.Â
Female
French
Feminine form of French L�on, LÉONE means "lion."
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly southern)
English (chiefly southern) : topographic name for someone who lived near a road or path, Old English weg (cognate with Old Norse vegr, Old High German weg), or a habitational name from some minor place named with this word, as for example any of the places called Way or Waye, in Devon.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Sai in Orne or Say in Indre, perhaps so called from a Gaulish personal name Saius + the Latin locative suffix -acum.English : metonymic occupational name for a maker or seller of say, a kind of finely textured cloth, Middle English say (from Old French saie, Latin saga, plural of sagum ‘military cloak’). In some instances the surname may have arisen from a nickname for an habitual wearer of clothes made of this material.Southern French : topographic name from saix ‘rock’ (Latin saxum), or a habitational name from a place named with this word, for example, Say in Loire, Saix in Tarn and Vienne, Le Saix in Hautes-Alpes, or Les Saix in Isère.William Say of Bristol, England, was a member of the Society of Friends who settled in America toward the close of the 17th century. His descendant Thomas Say (1787–1834) of Philadelphia is known as the father of descriptive entomology in America.
Surname or Lastname
Variant spelling of German and Jewish Wachs.English
Variant spelling of German and Jewish Wachs.English : metonymic occupational name for a seller or gatherer of beeswax, Middle English wax (from Old English weax). In the Middle Ages wax was an important commodity, used among other things for making candles.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 2' Lord Say.
Male
Hindi/Indian
(जय) Hindi name derived from the Sanskrit word jaya, JAY means "victory." Compare with another form of Jay.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, GAY means "happy." Compare with masculine Gay.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Oona, possibly ONA means "famine, hunger." Compare with another form of Ona.
Male
English
Short form of English Raymond, RAY means "wise protector."
Female
English
 English name derived from the vocabulary word, DAY means "day." Feminine form of Middle English Daye, meaning "day."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Way.
Girl/Female
Arabic
One of the Lovers
Male
English
Old pet form of English Walter, WAT means "ruler of the army."
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
Female
Yiddish
 Variant spelling of Yiddish Tzofiya, ZOFIA means "guard" or "scout." Compare with another form of Zofia.
Surname or Lastname
English (especially northwestern)
English (especially northwestern) : habitational name from Towneley near Burnley in Lancashire, which is named with Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’ + lēah ‘wood’, ‘clearing’; or a topographic name for someone who lived at a clearing associated with a farm or village. The surname has also been established in Ireland since the 16th century.
Girl/Female
Greek
Born last.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Piety, Devoutness, Heedfulness of God
Girl/Female
Anglo, Australian, British, English, French, Latin, Spanish
Kind Defender; Esteemed; Emerald; Loved
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Lives Near Water
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Warrior Karna; Son of Sun
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Eyes of a Dear
Male
Hebrew
(×™ï‹×ָחָז) Contracted form of Hebrew Yehowachaz, YOWACHAZ means "Jehovah as seized" or "whom Jehovah holds fast." In the bible, this is the name of the father of Joah, Josiah's chronicler. Joahaz is the Anglicized form.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Honouring Devoted Faithful
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
ONE WAY-FUNCTION
n.
Length of space; distance; interval; as, a great way; a long way.
n.
Progress; as, a ship has way.
n.
The merrymaking of May Day.
indef. pron.
Any person, indefinitely; a person or body; as, what one would have well done, one should do one's self.
v. i.
To pass from one state to another; to become; to grow; as, to wax strong; to wax warmer or colder; to wax feeble; to wax old; to wax worse and worse.
v. t.
To move one way and the other with quick turns; to shake to and fro; to move vibratingly; to cause to vibrate, as a part of the body; as, to wag the head.
n.
Manner; method; mode; fashion; style; as, the way of expressing one's ideas.
n.
Way; road; path.
a.
Skillful in finding the way; well acquainted with the way or route; wise from having traveled.
n.
Determined course; resolved mode of action or conduct; as, to have one's way.
v. t.
To impose, as a command or a duty; as, to lay commands on one.
v. i.
To move one way and the other; to be shaken to and fro; to vibrate.
n.
That by, upon, or along, which one passes or processes; opportunity or room to pass; place of passing; passage; road, street, track, or path of any kind; as, they built a way to the mine.
v. t.
To present or offer; as, to lay an indictment in a particular county; to lay a scheme before one.
superl.
Turned to one side; twisted; distorted; as, a wry mouth.
a.
Going away; departing; of or pertaining to one who goes away.
v. t.
To go or travel to; to go in, as a way or path.
adv.
Away.
n.
Right of way. See below.
v. i.
To deviate from the right way; to go away or astray; to turn side; to swerve.