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Enzyme which generates DNA
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA molecule, through a process termed
Reverse_transcriptase
Class of antiretroviral drug
Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection or AIDS, and in some cases hepatitis B. RTIs inhibit
Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
Reverse-transcriptase_inhibitor
Catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Telomerase_reverse_transcriptase
Laboratory technique to multiply an RNA sample for study
template is first converted into a complementary DNA (cDNA) using a reverse transcriptase (RT). The cDNA is then used as a template for exponential amplification
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction
include two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) as a "backbone" along with one non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), protease
Management_of_HIV/AIDS
Family of viruses
cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backward)
Retrovirus
nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NtRTIs) began in the 1980s when the AIDS epidemic hit Western societies. NRTIs inhibit the reverse transcriptase
Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_nucleoside_and_nucleotide_reverse-transcriptase_inhibitors
American academic
primitive reverse transcriptases, mobile genetic elements, catalytic intron RNAs (ribozymes) and a variety of novel reverse transcriptases. His discoveries
Alan_Lambowitz
Species of bacterium
required to denature DNA. In 2013, a thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase (TGIRT), GsI-IIC-MRF, from G. stearothermophilus was found to retain
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Geobacillus_stearothermophilus
Defense-associated reverse transcriptase (DRT) ribonucleoprotein complexes are a class of prokaryotic antiviral systems composed of reverse transcriptase enzymes
Defense associated reverse transcriptase
Defense_associated_reverse_transcriptase
Telomere-restoring protein active in the most rapidly dividing cells
instead uses retrotransposons to maintain telomeres. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that carries its own RNA molecule (e.g., with the sequence
Telomerase
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
viral RNA genome is converted (reverse transcribed) into double-stranded DNA by a virally encoded enzyme, reverse transcriptase, that is transported along
HIV
Antiretroviral medication
of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA
Zidovudine
Formulary by the World Health Organization
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (a.k.a. Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
Gene editing technique
catalytically-impaired programmable endonuclease linked to an engineered reverse transcriptase, and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), capable of identifying
Prime_editing
American biologist and Nobel laureate (1938–2025)
material of the cell", specifically the discovery of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. He contributed to immunology, virology, cancer research, biotechnology
David_Baltimore
History of certain antiretroviral drugs
Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NNRTIs
Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_non-nucleoside_reverse-transcriptase_inhibitors
DNA sequence that jumps/transposes within a genome
clusters encode for reverse transcriptase and are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Meanwhile SINEs do not encode for reverse transcriptase and are transcribed
Transposable_element
Pharmaceutical drug classification
ATC code J05 Antivirals for systemic use is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric
ATC_code_J05
Chemical compound
food. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and works by blocking the HIV reverse transcriptase and hepatitis B virus polymerase
Lamivudine
Enzymes that catalyze DNA formation
called reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RdDp) that synthesizes DNA from a template of RNA. The reverse transcriptase family
DNA_polymerase
Realm of viruses
acid) from RNA. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RdDp), also called reverse transcriptase (RT), produces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from RNA. These enzymes
Riboviria
Class of viruses
Revtraviricetes is a class of viruses that contains all viruses that encode a reverse transcriptase. The group includes all ssRNA-RT viruses (including the retroviruses)
Revtraviricetes
HIV-encoded reverse transcriptase and an open reading frame (ORF) found in the msDNA coding region. Tests confirmed the presence of reverse transcriptase activity
Multicopy_single-stranded_DNA
Fixed dose combination HIV drug
HIV-1 nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor; and tenofovir alafenamide, an HIV-1 nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It was approved
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir_alafenamide
Highly deadly disease that affects cats
K. (2 August 2017). "Sensitivity and specificity of a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction detecting feline coronavirus mutations
Feline_infectious_peritonitis
Spectrum of conditions caused by HIV infection
individual drugs: nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors
HIV/AIDS
DNA reverse transcribed from RNA
genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA that was reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA). cDNA
Complementary_DNA
Viruses can become part of the DNA of those they infect
the encoded reverse transcriptase of the host genome's LINE-1 elements can act on cytoplasmic viral mRNAs via "target-primed" reverse transcription
Endogenization
Type of RNA molecules
polymerase enzymes. The ribozymes are mutated by reverse transcribing them with reverse transcriptase into various cDNA and amplified with error-prone
Ribozyme
Combo medication
doravirine, a HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; and islatravir, a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is taken by mouth
Doravirine/islatravir
All genetic material of an organism
the help of a specific enzyme called reverse transcriptase. A retrotransposon that carries reverse transcriptase in its sequence can trigger its own transposition
Genome
Combination medication for HIV
action: abacavir (reverse transcriptase inhibitor), dolutegravir (integrase inhibitor) and lamivudine (nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor). Abacavir
Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
RNA family
sequence found in the genome of many bacteria species that codes for reverse transcriptase and a unique single-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid called multicopy single-stranded
Retron
Medication used to treat a viral infection
block reverse transcriptase. Another target being considered for HIV antivirals include RNase H—which is a component of reverse transcriptase that splits
Antiviral_drug
Species of virus
the matter that reverse transcription occurs later in the replication cycle. Because EFV is a retrovirus, the enzyme reverse transcriptase is used to form
Equine_foamy_virus
Pharmaceutical compound
approved by the FDA in April 2026. It is classified as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI). The fixed-dose combination of doravirine
Islatravir
Type of genetic component
features with retroviruses such as HIV, for example, discontinuous reverse transcriptase-mediated extrachromosomal recombination. There are two main types
Retrotransposon
Genus of viruses
early stages of genome replication, and include reverse transcriptase and integrase. Reverse transcriptase uses the viral RNA genome as a template for the
Lentivirus
amplification system utilizing two enzymes, RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. "Amplification" means creating many more copies of a strand of
Transcription-mediated amplification
Transcription-mediated_amplification
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
S2CID 4164029. Coffin JM, Fan H (September 2016). "The Discovery of Reverse Transcriptase". Annual Review of Virology. 3 (1): 29–51. doi:10
Prion
Enzyme family
H1-like retroviral ribonuclease H domains occur in multidomain reverse transcriptase proteins, which are encoded by retroviruses such as HIV and are
Ribonuclease_H
Phylogenetic group described in January 2024
Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence Ribozyme Spiegelman's
Obelisk_(biology)
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
an RNA intermediate during genome replication. Both types use a reverse transcriptase, or RNA-dependent DNA polymerase enzyme, to carry out the nucleic
Virus
Enzyme involved with peptide bond hydrolysis in retroviruses
the cell, it is accompanied by a reverse transcriptase, an integrase, and a mature HIV-1 PR. The reverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA, facilitating
HIV-1_protease
Chemical compound
treatment of HIV-1 infection. Rovafovir etalafenamide is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor and prodrug of GS-9148. Rovafovir etalafenamide itself
Rovafovir_etalafenamide
Molecule that carries genetic information
that copy the sequence of an RNA strand into DNA. They include reverse transcriptase, which is a viral enzyme involved in the infection of cells by retroviruses
DNA
Italian-American virologist (1914–2012)
material of the cell." Temin and Baltimore arrived at the discovery of reverse transcriptase simultaneously and independently from each other; although Dulbecco
Renato_Dulbecco
Year approved Abacavir HIV ViiV Healthcare Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 1998 Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes simplex, chickenpox
List_of_antiviral_drugs
by making DNA from the sample RNA. This conversion is made by a reverse transcriptase, an enzyme derived from retroviruses capable of making such a conversion
Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification
Reverse_Transcription_Loop-mediated_Isothermal_Amplification
Chemical compound
(2′-3′-dideoxycytidine, ddC), also called dideoxycytidine, is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. Zalcitabine was
Zalcitabine
20th-century American geneticist
1994) was an American geneticist and virologist. He discovered reverse transcriptase in the 1970s at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, for which he
Howard_Martin_Temin
Matter with biological processes
Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence Ribozyme Spiegelman's
Life
Jewish Americans, see Lists of Jewish Americans. David Baltimore, reverse transcriptase, Nobel Prize (1975) Baruj Benacerraf, immunologist, Nobel Prize
List of Jewish American biologists and physicians
List_of_Jewish_American_biologists_and_physicians
Class of enzymes which synthesize nucleic acid chains or polymers
and DNA polymerase V (UmuD'2C) - SOS repair polymerases; Pol η, ι, κ Reverse transcriptase (RT; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; RdDP) Telomerase DNA-directed
Polymerase
Chemical compound
medication used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor developed by Merck. Doravirine was approved for medical
Doravirine
Medication used for the treatment of HIV
is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Unlike agents in the class, resistance to other
Etravirine
Formulary
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (a.k.a. Essential Medicines List for Children or EMLc), published by the World Health Organization
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines_for_Children
Alternative to the polymerase chain reaction
alternative to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By adding a reverse transcriptase enzyme to an RPA reaction, it can detect RNA as well as DNA, without
Recombinase polymerase amplification
Recombinase_polymerase_amplification
Chemical compound
1500) is drug used to treat HIV infection. It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Elsulfavirine is a prodrug which is metabolized
Elsulfavirine
Pathogenic small single-stranded circular RNA
elements are dubbed retroviroids as the homologous DNA is generated by reverse transcriptase that is encoded by retroviruses. They are neither true viroids nor
Viroid
Virus that has DNA as its genetic material
higher taxa. Reverse transcribing viruses, which have a DNA genome that is replicated through an RNA intermediate by a reverse transcriptase, are classified
DNA_virus
Antiviral drug
Azvudine is an antiviral drug which acts as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It was discovered for the treatment of hepatitis C and has since been investigated
Azvudine
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
the ocean floor. It is inferred that LUCA grew from H2 and CO2 via the reverse incomplete Krebs cycle. Other metabolic pathways inferred in LUCA are the
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
end of the mRNA. The primer is allowed to anneal to the RNA and reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize cDNA from the RNA until it reaches the 5'
Primer_extension
Combination drug for HIV
Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of HIV-1. Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) of HIV-1
Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir
Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir
Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
Atevirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has been studied for the treatment of HIV. Preparation of the pyridylpiperazine moiety
Atevirdine
polyproteins that the HIV protease cleaves into separate functional units. Reverse transcriptase (RT), which transcribes the viral RNA into double-stranded DNA.
Pol_(retrovirus)
Components of human immunodeficiency virus
includes two copies of the (positive sense) ssRNA genome, the enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease, some minor proteins, and the major core
Structure_and_genome_of_HIV
Researchers at the MD Anderson Cancer Center activated the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene, which declines with age, in mice and found that it both lengthened
Timeline_of_aging_research
H (retroviral RNase H) is a catalytic domain of the retroviral reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. The RT enzyme is used to generate complementary DNA
Retroviral_ribonuclease_H
Chemical compound
HIV. It is taken by mouth. Tenofovir alafenamide is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is a prodrug of tenofovir. It was developed by Gilead
Tenofovir_alafenamide
Plant cell organelles that perform photosynthesis and store starch
Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence Ribozyme Spiegelman's
Plastid
Class of mobile genetic elements
usually encode an RNA/DNA binding protein (ORF1) and a combined reverse transcriptase and endonuclease (ORF2). LINEs are the most abundant transposable
Long interspersed nuclear element
Long_interspersed_nuclear_element
Life that has no cellular structure
Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence Ribozyme Spiegelman's
Non-cellular_life
Enzyme that metabolizes substances by oxidation
inhibitors: indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir; non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (antiretroviral drugs): nevirapine delavirdine, efavirenz
CYP3A4
French virologist and Nobel laureate (born 1947)
already familiar with the technique of detecting reverse transcriptase activity. If reverse transcriptase activity is present, it confirms that the virus
Françoise_Barré-Sinoussi
HIV treatment
treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is a second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with higher potency, longer half-life and reduced
Rilpivirine
Organisation of viruses into a taxonomic system
influenza virus, measles, mumps and rabies. All viruses that encode a reverse transcriptase (also known as RT or RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) are members of
Virus_classification
Plant plastidial gene
protein retains only a well conserved domain X and remnants of a reverse transcriptase domain. Universal matK primers can be used for DNA barcoding of
Maturase_K
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Method
are reverse-transcribed in bulk to form single-cell transcriptomes attached to microparticles (STAMPs). Template switching of reverse-transcriptase is
Drop-Seq
Sequencing technique for non-coding RNA
traditional cDNA sequencing approaches. OTTR leverages a retroelement reverse transcriptase (RT), termed BoMoC, with template jumping properties and high processivity
Ordered_two-template_relay
Suffix for enzymes in biochemistry
polymerizes (assembles) DNA into strands is called polymerase; see also reverse transcriptase. The -ase suffix is a libfix derived from "diastase", the first
-ase
Chemical compound
Dapivirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor developed at Janssen Therapeutics (formerly Tibotec Therapeutics). The International Partnership
Dapivirine
Accidental puncture of skin causing contamination
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Needlestick_injury
Philosophical problem-solving principle
phenomena of meteorites, ball lightning, continental drift, and reverse transcriptase. One can argue for atomic building blocks for matter, because it
Occam's_razor
Kingdom of organisms
Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence Ribozyme Spiegelman's
Plant
Species of virus
structural proteins, enzymes including the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase), and coat proteins, respectively. In addition to these three polyproteins:
Murine_leukemia_virus
Macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules
covalent bonds. An example of a non-covalent heterodimer is the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is composed of two different amino acid chains. An exception
Protein_dimer
Chemical compound
It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and works by blocking the function of reverse transcriptase. Nevirapine was approved
Nevirapine
Tumor cell
in Multiple Myeloma: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Reverse Immunosuppression". Cancers. 13 (6): 1353. doi:10.3390/cancers13061353
Cancer_cell
Formation of biological viruses during the infection process
mutagenic nature, making them difficult to treat. However, the reverse transcriptase protein that often comes with the RNA virus can be used as an indirect
Viral_replication
Unique single-celled organism of uncertain taxonomy
Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence Ribozyme Spiegelman's
Parakaryon
Science of synthetic life forms
new-to-nature constructs. In one case a modified variant of the HIV-reverse transcriptase was found to be able to PCR-amplify an oligonucleotide containing
Xenobiology
Short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis
example of primers being used to enable DNA synthesis is reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that uses a template strand of RNA to synthesize
Primer_(molecular_biology)
Chemical compound
recommended in pregnancy. Stavudine is in the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class of medication. Stavudine was first described
Stavudine
Chemical compound
reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) family of medications. It prevents the hepatitis B virus from multiplying by blocking reverse transcriptase.
Entecavir
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
oxaloacetate, and ultimately to glucose, in a process that is almost the reverse of glycolysis. The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the
Mitochondria
Taxonomic rank
encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and all viruses that encode reverse transcriptase; Ribozyviria, which contains hepatitis delta virus-like viruses
Realm_(virology)
Mixture of chemical compounds
antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It contains three reverse transcriptase inhibitors patented by GlaxoSmithKline and marketed by a joint venture
Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
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REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
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