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See searches and references containing ENDOGENIZATION!ENDOGENIZATION
Viruses can become part of the DNA of those they infect
Endogenization is the evolutionary process by which viral genetic material becomes stably integrated into the germline of a host organism and inherited
Endogenization
Realm of viruses
enzyme integrase. This endogenization is part of their replication cycle, as mRNA is produced from the integrated DNA. Endogenization is a form of horizontal
Riboviria
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
replication. In addition, there are large numbers of transposable elements, endogenized viral DNA, non-functional pseudogenes and simple, highly repetitive sequences
Human_genome
Quantitative economic model
include different time periods. Dynamic Leontief models are obtained by endogenizing the formation of capital stock over time. Denote by y I {\displaystyle
Input–output_model
Realm of viruses
from parent to child. Endogenization is common among bacterial and archaeal DJR-MCP viruses. A peculiar example of endogenization in Varidnaviria are virophages
Varidnaviria
Substances & processes originating within an organism, tissue, or cell
inherited, they originate from the (exogenous) foamy viruses which were endogenized over time. In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes
Endogeny_(biology)
Subclass of mammals in the clade Theriiformes
studies have suggested a viral origin of syncytins through the retroviral endogenization process, where the genome of a virus was incorporated into the host's
Theria
Family of lagomorphs
studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million
Leporidae
Concentration of water vapour in the air
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Humidity
Study of ancient viruses
1186/1741-7007-8-2. PMC 2823675. PMID 20067611. Lida, Atsuo (2020). "Heritable endogenization of an RNA virus in a mammalian species". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.01.19
Paleovirology
Rapid spread of disease affecting a large number of people in a short time
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Epidemic
Realm of viruses
2025, pp. 65–66. Malathi & Devi 2019, p. 8. Zhao et al. 2019, sec. "Endogenized eukaryotic CRESS DNA viruses". sfn error: multiple targets (2×):
Floreoviria
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Foodborne_illness
Infection transmitted through human sexual behavior
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually_transmitted_infection
Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Fecal–oral_route
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Immunotherapy
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Infection
Enzyme which generates DNA
double-stranded cDNA. In retroviruses and retrotransposons, this cDNA can then be endogenized into the host genome, from which new RNA copies can be made via host-cell
Reverse_transcriptase
Theory in microeconomics
In microeconomics, search theory studies buyers or sellers who cannot instantly find a trading partner, and must therefore search for a partner prior to
Search_theory
Medication used to treat a viral infection
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Antiviral_drug
Model of long-run economic growth
integrated Frank Ramsey's analysis of consumer optimization, thereby endogenizing the saving rate, to create what is now known as the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
Solow–Swan_model
First documented patient in the population of an epidemiological investigation
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Index_case
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
Endogenous viral element Retrotransposon Endosymbiont Endosymbiotic theory Endogenization Retrovirus Reticulate evolution Felid hybrids Genetic admixture Genetic
Hybrid_(biology)
Disorders of adaptive immune system
commonly HERVs, which are remnants of ancient viruses that underwent endogenization and became fixed in the human genome. Sporadic reactivation of HERV-W
Autoimmune_disease
Approach to economics
known as the Solow-Swan model. Cass and Koopmans extended this work by endogenizing the savings (or investment rate) to time preference and inter temporal
Neoclassical_economics
DNA sequences with no known biological function
in their genomes—mostly pseudogenes and fragments of transposons and endogenized viruses—but it is possible that some organisms have substantial amounts
Junk_DNA
Elimination of a disease from all hosts
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication_of_infectious_diseases
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Antibiotic
Promoting health through informed choices
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Public_health
Genus of viruses
retroviruses. The following species are designated by the ICTV: MER41 Endogenization Transposable element Llorens, C.; Soriano, B.; Krupovic, M. (2020).
Errantivirus
Biological interrelationship
Non-lyctic viruses may also be vertically transmitted after undergoing endogenization, altough this occurs incidentally and the result is often non-pathogenic
Host–pathogen_interaction
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Antimicrobial_resistance
Organism that harbours another organism
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Host_(biology)
Virus-derived DNA in another organism
AR, Martinez-Gutierrez CA, Aylward FO (December 2020). "Widespread endogenization of giant viruses shapes genomes of green algae". Nature. 588 (7836):
Endogenous_viral_element
Widespread, often global, epidemic of severe infectious disease
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Pandemic
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
genomes that ancestrally 'invaded' the host germline and were subsequently endogenized. For example, the genomes of most vertebrate species contain hundreds
Viral_evolution
Antimicrobial substance or compound
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Antiseptic
Number of disease cases in a given population at a specific time
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Prevalence
Scientific discipline
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Food_safety
Order of viruses
Sakamoto W, Kanematsu S, et al. (July 2011). Nagy PD (ed.). "Widespread endogenization of genome sequences of non-retroviral RNA viruses into plant genomes"
Mononegavirales
Practices performed to preserve health
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Hygiene
Species of mammal
studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million
European_rabbit
Disease transmission by airborne particles
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Airborne_transmission
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
Cooperation between microbial species to digest a substrate
reduced compounds, or by direct electron transfer. The Entangle-Engulf-Endogenize (E3) model was created in 2020 based on the isolation of syntrophic archaea
Syntrophy
Subfamily of viruses
vivo. Endogenous foamy viruses are members of the subfamily who were endogenized into the genomes of their hosts, which includes animals in which no extant
Spumaretrovirinae
Outermost layer of many types of the infectious agent
Viral envelope Viral replication Viral pathogenesis Viral evolution Endogenization DNA virus RNA virus Bacteriophage Classification Virus classification
Viral_envelope
Infection by a pathogen of non-human origin
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Zoonosis
Therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Phage_therapy
Chance over time of a medical condition
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Incidence_(epidemiology)
Concept in epidemiology
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Herd_immunity
Infection caused by pathogens that use mother-to-children transmission
Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital syphilis Neonatal herpes simplex Endogenization von Csefalvay, Chris (2023). "Simple compartmental models". Computational
Vertically transmitted infection
Vertically_transmitted_infection
Viral genome integrated into the DNA of a host cell
Endogenous retroviruses are always in the state of a provirus. When a (non-endogenized) retrovirus invades a cell, the RNA of the retrovirus is reverse-transcribed
Provirus
Medical condition
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Blood-borne_disease
Preventive medical treatment after exposure
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Post-exposure_prophylaxis
Occurs when a reservoir population causes an epidemic in a novel host population
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Spillover_infection
Study of an economy as a whole
explain growth in Solow's model. Another type of endogenous growth model endogenizes technological progress by explicitly modelling research and development
Macroeconomics
Administration of a vaccine to protect against disease
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Vaccination
Measure of increase in market value of goods
technological progress in the Solow–Swan model, economists worked to "endogenize" (i.e., explain it "from within" the models) productivity growth in the
Economic_growth
Drug used to killed microorganisms or stop their growth
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Antimicrobial
Spread of an infection from one person to another
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Human-to-human_transmission
Time interval when a host can transmit an infectious disease
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Infectious_period
Formation of biological viruses during the infection process
Viral envelope Viral replication Viral pathogenesis Viral evolution Endogenization DNA virus RNA virus Bacteriophage Classification Virus classification
Viral_replication
Infectious disease readily spread by pathogen transmission
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Contagious_disease
Non-living object capable of carrying infectious agents
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Fomite
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Sapronosis
Equipment designed to help protect an individual from hazards
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Personal_protective_equipment
Protein found in humans
retroviral element that is the remnant of an ancient retroviral infection endogenized into the primate germ line. In the case of syncytin-1 (which is found
Syncytin-1
Event spreading an infectious disease
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Superspreading_event
Genus of viruses
suggesting that retroviral endogenization began in Northern Australia between the last 100 to 200 years. Pathology study of the endogenizing integration of KoRV-A
Gammaretrovirus
Species of mammal
studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million
Riverine_rabbit
Virus that has DNA as its genetic material
Variola virus, which caused smallpox. Many varidnaviruses can become endogenized in their host's genome; a peculiar example are virophages, which after
DNA_virus
Type of mathematical model used for infectious diseases
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Compartmental models (epidemiology)
Compartmental_models_(epidemiology)
Infection spread in hospitals or health care facilities
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Hospital-acquired_infection
New or rapidly increasing disease
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Emerging_infectious_disease
Passing of a pathogen from one organism to another
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Pathogen_transmission
LTR ERVs in primates
of transposable elements. Derived from gammaretroviruses, MER41 were endogenized into the primate germline approximately 45 to 60 mya. The human genome
MER41
Time interval between infection by a pathogen and the individual becoming infectious
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Latent_period_(epidemiology)
Metric in epidemiology
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Basic_reproduction_number
Time between infection and the onset of disease symptoms
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Incubation_period
Particulate respirator meeting the N95 standard
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
N95_respirator
Strategy for reducing disease transmission
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Source control (respiratory disease)
Source_control_(respiratory_disease)
Singaporean former politician
In 2015, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Transplanted or Endogenized? FDI and Industrial Upgrading in Developing Countries. Case study of
Chia_Thye_Poh
Population or environment in which a pathogen naturally lives and reproduces
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Natural_reservoir
Family of viruses
beneficial association with an existing virus that eventually led to an endogenization of the virus into the wasp's genome. Following integration, the genes
Polydnaviriformidae
Tool for modeling spread of disease
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
WAIFW_matrix
Medical condition
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Tick-borne_disease
Disease which is constantly present in an area
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Endemic_(epidemiology)
Total collection of viruses in and on the human body
viruses are also integrated into the human genome as proviruses, or endogenized as endogenous viral elements. Viruses evolve rapidly and hence the human
Human_virome
Science museum in Guthrie, Oklahoma, U.S.
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Oklahoma Frontier Drug Store Museum
Oklahoma_Frontier_Drug_Store_Museum
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Climate change and infectious diseases
Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases
Organism which has become infected with a pathogen but displays no symptoms
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Asymptomatic_carrier
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Simulation_exercise
Period when an infection is not yet detectable for a given test
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Window_period
Act of cleaning one's hands
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Hand_washing
Viral parasites of giant viruses
in reduced virulence of the giant viruses. Many virophage genomes are endogenized into the genomes of single-celled eukaryotes, and they reactivate upon
Virophage
Application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease
developmental psychopathology Evolutionary approaches to depression Endogenization Paleolithic lifestyle Universal Darwinism Merlo LM, Pepper JW, Reid
Evolutionary_medicine
Using mathematical models to understand infectious disease transmission
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases
Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases
Infectious disease = Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
increasing susceptibility to infections and complicating healing. Endogenization – A pathogen becoming fixed into a host's germline, enabling vertical
Outline of infectious disease concepts
Outline_of_infectious_disease_concepts
Transmission of a pathogen from humans to non-human animals
Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous
Reverse_zoonosis
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