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Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
Transcription is the process of duplicating a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression. Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA
Transcription_(biology)
Protein that regulates the rate of DNA transcription
molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic
Transcription_factor
Topics referred to by the same term
medium, including: Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, often the first step in gene expression Abortive transcription, the generation of
Transcription
Molecular structure formed in DNA transcription
A transcription bubble is a molecular structure formed during the initialization of DNA transcription, when a limited portion of the DNA double helix
Transcription_bubble
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
Process in genetics
Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use
Bacterial_transcription
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
organization inhibits RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription". Primary. The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (4): 603–8. doi:10.1083/jcb.200112047. PMC 2174089
Cell_nucleus
Artificial transcription factors (ATFs) are engineered individual or multi molecule transcription factors that either activate or repress gene transcription (biology)
Artificial transcription factor
Artificial_transcription_factor
Study of how organisms develop and grow
Arabidopsis Transcriptional Regulatory Map Reveals Distinct Functional and Evolutionary Features of Novel Transcription Factors". Molecular Biology and Evolution
Developmental_biology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Gene: Sp1 transcription factor". Li L, He S, Sun JM, Davie JR (August 2004). "Gene regulation by Sp1 and Sp3". Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 82 (4): 460–471
Transcription_factor_Sp1
Property of nucleic acid strands with respect to their translatability into protein
virus – Subclass of viruses Transcription (biology) – Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA Translation (biology) – Cellular process of protein
Sense_(molecular_biology)
Scientific study of life
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles
Biology
This list of manually-curated human transcription factors is taken from Lambert, Jolma, Campitelli, et al. More detailed information can be found in the
List of human transcription factors
List_of_human_transcription_factors
Mechanism of gene expression regulation
Transcription-translation coupling is a mechanism of gene expression regulation in which synthesis of an mRNA (transcription) is affected by its concurrent
Transcription-translation coupling
Transcription-translation_coupling
Transcription is heterocatalytic function of DNA
Biology portal Bacterial transcription Regulation of gene expression RNA polymerase Transcriptional regulation Transcription factor Transcriptional memory
Eukaryotic_transcription
Section of nucleic acid sequence
genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription. This
Terminator_(genetics)
Control of DNA to RNA conversion in cells
molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby
Transcriptional_regulation
RNA that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein
process of synthesizing a protein. mRNA is created during the process of transcription, where an enzyme (RNA polymerase) converts the gene into primary transcript
Messenger_RNA
Region of non-coding DNA that regulates the transcription of neighboring genes
developmental biology. CREs are found in the vicinity of the genes that they regulate. CREs typically regulate gene transcription by binding to transcription factors
Cis-regulatory_element
Protein that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes
A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. Activators are considered to have
Activator_(genetics)
Proteins that bind DNA
WRKY transcription factors (pronounced ‘worky’) are proteins that bind DNA. They are transcription factors that regulate many processes in plants and
WRKY_transcription_factor
DNA pattern affecting anatomy development
Biology. 139 (1): 257–64. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.1.257. PMC 2139816. PMID 9314544. Boudreau NJ, Varner JA (February 2004). "The homeobox transcription factor
Homeobox
expression Central dogma of molecular biology: nucleosome – genetic code – codon – transcription factor – transcription – translation – RNA – histone – telomere
Outline_of_biology
Molecule that carries genetic information
coding for ribosomal RNA Southern blot – DNA analysis technique Transcription (biology) – Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA X-ray scattering
DNA
Protein family
p300-CBP coactivator family in humans is composed of two closely related transcriptional co-activating proteins (or coactivators): p300 (also known as E1A binding
P300-CBP_coactivator_family
Basic unit of life forms
2009-12-08. Retrieved 3 May 2013. "7.6C: Prokaryotic Transcription and Translation Are Coupled". Biology LibreTexts. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2025
Cell_(biology)
Type of cellular stress response
role of heat shock transcription factor 1 in the genome-wide regulation of the mammalian heat shock response". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 15 (3):
Heat_shock_response
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
presence of adult pluripotent cells. Virally induced expression of four transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 (Yamanaka factors) is sufficient
Cellular_differentiation
Branch of biology that studies biological systems at the molecular level
as replication, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, and complex biomolecular interactions. The field of molecular biology is multi-disciplinary
Molecular_biology
Region of DNA encouraging transcription
a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter.
Promoter_(genetics)
Regulatory mechanism
for some bacterial operons that results in premature termination of transcription. The canonical example of attenuation used in many introductory genetics
Attenuator_(genetics)
Biology textbook
Campbell Biology is a biology textbook used for introductory Biology and Advanced Placement Biology courses. The textbook was initially published in 1987
Campbell_Biology
End-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid
Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. In a single strand of
Directionality (molecular biology)
Directionality_(molecular_biology)
Cellular process of protein synthesis
eukaryotes, such tight coupling between transcription and translation is not possible because transcription and translation are carried out in separate
Translation_(biology)
activation by dissociation of an inhibitor from a transcriptional activation domain". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 29 (20): 5604–10. doi:10.1128/MCB.00632-09
Gal4_transcription_factor
Control of gene expression at the RNA level, between transcription and translation
Post-transcriptional regulation is the control of gene expression at the RNA level. It occurs once the RNA polymerase has been attached to the gene's
Post-transcriptional regulation
Post-transcriptional_regulation
Enzyme which generates DNA
synthesize a complementary DNA molecule, through a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis
Reverse_transcriptase
RNA family
general function is that of a Rho-independent transcription terminator, which terminates transcription (biology) of operons and is also used as a mechanism
DUF805_RNA_motif
Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
Ubiquitously Expressed Transcription Factor Sp1 in Tissue-specific Transcriptional Regulation and in Disease". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 89
Gene_expression
Interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering
regulatory networks focus on synthetic biology applications. Simulations can model all biomolecular interactions in transcription, translation, regulation and induction
Synthetic_biology
RNA family
general function is that of a Rho-independent transcription terminator, which terminates transcription (biology) of operons and is also used as a mechanism
LOOT_RNA_motif
Proteins that help regulate transcription
In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription
Transcription_coregulator
Transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) is a cellular model for explaining circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology. Widely conserved across
Transcription translation feedback loop
Transcription_translation_feedback_loop
Collection of molecular regulators
that focus on synthetic biology applications. Simulations have been used that model all biomolecular interactions in transcription, translation, regulation
Gene_regulatory_network
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"The mitochondrial transcription and packaging factor Tfam imposes a U-turn on mitochondrial DNA". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 18 (11): 1290–1296
TFAM
Molecular biology technique
protein transcription factors: the therapeutic relevance of switching endogenous gene expression on or off at command". Journal of Molecular Biology. 354
Two-hybrid_screening
Biological particle which transfers genetic material between cells
while others may be designed specifically for other purposes, such as transcription and protein expression. Vectors designed specifically for the expression
Vector_(molecular_biology)
German scientist (born 1953)
in Korbach) is a German biochemist, cell biologist, professor for cell biology and scientist, who is conducting research on stem cells and biomedical
Martin_Zenke
American biochemist and professor of structural biology
April 24, 1947) is an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University School of Medicine. Kornberg was awarded the Nobel
Roger_D._Kornberg
Protein family
In molecular biology, transcription factor DP (Dimerization Partner) is a family of proteins which function as transcription factors. DP forms a heterodimer
Transcription_factor_DP
Class of protein transcription factors
General transcription factors (GTFs), also known as basal transcriptional factors, are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific
General_transcription_factor
RNA produced by transcription
is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs
Primary_transcript
Protein family around which DNA winds to form nucleosomes
exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 16 (3): 178–189. Bibcode:2015NRMCB..16..178V. doi:10
Histone
American molecular biologist (born 1961)
phenotype, a finding that became foundational for modern regulatory T cell biology. In 2025, she was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Mary_E._Brunkow
Class of proteins involved in regulation of transcription
coactivator is a type of transcriptional coregulator that binds to an activator (a transcription factor) to increase the rate of transcription of a gene or set
Coactivator_(genetics)
for DNA replication and transcription, respectively. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Any of a wide variety of molecular biology methods involving the rapid
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Transcriptional addiction, also called transcriptional dependency or transcription factor dependency, is a process in cancer biology in which cancer cells
Transcriptional addiction in cancer
Transcriptional_addiction_in_cancer
Process of creating sheet music from a recording or performance
In music, transcription is the practice of notating a piece or a sound which was previously unnotated and/or unpopular as a written music, for example
Transcription_(music)
Irish molecular biologist
Irish molecular biologist working in the fields of transcription, chromatin biology, developmental biology and genomics. She is known for her work in understanding
Eileen_Furlong
Biological phenomenon
Nuclear Periphery Confers Epigenetic Memory of Previous Transcriptional State". PLOS Biology. 5 (4) e81. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050081. ISSN 1544-9173
Transcriptional_memory
Instance of defined set in Homo sapiens with Reactome ID (R-HSA-6806560)
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors
AP-1_transcription_factor
effective and efficient medicines. Expanded genetic code Transcription (biology) Translation (biology) Gene expression Cancer genome sequencing Alberts, Bruce;
Codon_reassignment
Gene involved in controlling expression of other genes
site of transcription of the gene they regulate. In addition, these sequences can also be found at the three prime end (3') to the transcription start site
Regulator_gene
Hypothetical life with reversed molecular chirality
Chen, Ji; Zhu, Ting F. (April 2019). "Mirror-Image Gene Transcription and Reverse Transcription". Chem. 5 (4): 848–857. Bibcode:2019Chem....5..848W. doi:10
Mirror-image_life
Branch of biology
Mathematical and theoretical biology, or biomathematics, is a branch of biology which employs theoretical analysis, mathematical modeling, and abstractions
Mathematical and theoretical biology
Mathematical_and_theoretical_biology
Family of intracellular transcription factors
of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family are intracellular transcription factors that mediate many aspects of cellular
STAT_protein
Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) is an isothermal (performed at constant temperature), single-tube nucleic acid amplification system utilizing
Transcription-mediated amplification
Transcription-mediated_amplification
Transcription factor
In molecular biology, the protein domain Whirly is a transcription factor commonly found in plants. This means they aid the transcription of genes from
Whirly
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(at promotors) and messenger RNA. RNA polymerase II Transcription (biology) Translation (biology) ENSG00000288504 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000006047
YBX2
Chemical compound
(IPTG) is a molecular biology reagent. This compound is a molecular mimic of allolactose, a lactose metabolite that triggers transcription of the lac operon
Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
Isopropyl_β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
Protein signal which causes the release of transcribed RNA at a stop codon
In molecular biology, a termination factor is a protein that mediates the termination of RNA transcription by recognizing a transcription terminator and
Termination_factor
Data entry error
protocol tool in a medical research database.[citation needed] In biology, transcription errors may occur in the process of DNA replication, resulting in
Transcription_error
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Transcription factor MafK is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the MAFK gene. MafK is one of the small Maf proteins
MAFK
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that
Gene
Assembly of proteins inside biological cells
Chuan (January 2017). "Post-transcriptional gene regulation by mRNA modifications". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 18 (1): 31–42. Bibcode:2017NRMCB
Protein_biosynthesis
David Suter, Swiss cell biologist
developed a new technology allowing ultra-sensitive monitoring of transcriptional kinetics in single living cells by luminescence microscopy. It allowed
David_Suter_(biologist)
Transcription factor scaffold domain
trans-activating domain (TAD) is a transcription factor scaffold domain which contains binding sites for other proteins such as transcription coregulators. These binding
Transactivation_domain
Complex of proteins necessary for gene transcription in eukaryotes and archaea
"The Mediator complex: a central integrator of transcription". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 16 (3): 155–66. doi:10.1038/nrm3951. PMC 4963239
Transcription preinitiation complex
Transcription_preinitiation_complex
Protein family
In molecular biology, the transcriptional activator LAG-3 is a transcriptional activator protein. The C. elegans Notch pathway, involved in the control
Transcriptional activator LAG-3
Transcriptional_activator_LAG-3
Process in molecular biology
molecule. The process of transcription, splicing and translation is called gene expression, the central dogma of molecular biology. Several methods of RNA
RNA_splicing
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA during Transcription
the synthesis of RNA, a process called transcription. A transcription factor and its associated transcription mediator complex must be attached to a DNA
RNA_polymerase
American developmental biologist
and Professor of Developmental Biology at Washington University School of Medicine. Her laboratory studies transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of
Kristen_Kroll
citations 1995, Heat shock transcription factors: structure and regulation, in: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. Vol. 11, nº 1; 441–469.
Carl_Wu
American biologist
possesses the binding and transcription activities of the adenovirus major late transcription factor". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 6 (12): 4723–4733. doi:10
Richard_Carthew
American biochemist
characterized many proteins involved in the regulation of transcription, including basic transcription factors and the first mammalian gene-specific activator
Robert_G._Roeder
Protein family
In molecular biology, the GntR-like bacterial transcription factors are a family of transcription factors. Many bacterial transcription regulation proteins
GntR-like bacterial transcription factors
GntR-like_bacterial_transcription_factors
American biologist
outstanding contributions in the area of biochemistry, transcription, genomics, and systems biology." Brent's use of prokaryotic repressor proteins and use
Roger_Brent
DNA sequence that binds activators to increase the likelihood of gene transcription
increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. These proteins are usually referred to as transcription factors. Enhancers are cis-acting
Enhancer_(genetics)
Small nuclear RNA found in metazoans
In molecular biology 7SK is an abundant small nuclear RNA found in metazoans. It plays a role in regulating transcription by controlling the positive transcription
7SK_RNA
Structure in lactic-acid bacterium RNA
hybridization experiments as a 170-nucleotide molecule called "SR914400". The transcription start site determined for SR914400 corresponds to the 5′-end of the
Asd_RNA_motif
Family of viruses
endogenous retroviruses play important roles in host biology, such as control of gene transcription, cell fusion during placental development in the course
Retrovirus
Family of proteins
A winged-helix transcription factor is a type of transcription factor that binds to DNA using a protein domain called a winged-helix domain. In some cases
Winged-helix transcription factors
Winged-helix_transcription_factors
Physician-scientist
Assistant Professor, and later Director of the Cardiovascular Transcriptional Biology Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Jain joined Case Western
Mukesh_Jain
Terms meaning relative to the direction that transcription takes place
In molecular biology and genetics, upstream and downstream both refer to relative positions of genetic code in DNA or RNA. Each strand of DNA or RNA has
Upstream_and_downstream_(DNA)
Family of zinc finger transcription factors
In molecular genetics, the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) are a set of eukaryotic Cys2His2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that
Kruppel-like_factors
Biological cell regulation mechanisms
evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo"). Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from signaling to transcription to post-translational modification
Regulation_of_gene_expression
Property of genes where transcription from DNA to RNA occurs in "bursts"
Transcriptional bursting, also known as transcriptional pulsing, is a fundamental property of genes in which transcription from DNA to RNA can occur in
Transcriptional_bursting
Computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems
Systems biology is the computational and mathematical analysis and modeling of complex biological systems. It is a biology-based interdisciplinary field
Systems_biology
Biological mechanism that controls circadian rhythm
post-translational pacemaker to a slave transcription/translation feedback loop in a circadian system". PLOS Biology. 8 (6) e1000394. doi:10.1371/journal
Circadian_clock
Transcription factor and coding gene in humans
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the STAT1 gene. It is a member of the
STAT1
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TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
Girl/Female
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Decorated or Ornamented Tree; Fragrant or Beautiful Plant; Variant Transcription of Zaynab; Daughter of the Prophet Muhammad; Name of Prophet's Wife
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTION BIOLOGY
n.
That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of living organisms.
n.
A copy; a transcript.
a.
Of or relating to biology.
n.
A piece so adapted; a transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a song, an opera, or the like.
n.
The science of life; that branch of knowledge which treats of living matter as distinct from matter which is not living; the study of living tissue. It has to do with the origin, structure, development, function, and distribution of animals and plants.
n.
That part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.
n.
That branch of biology which deals with the structure of animals and plants, treating of the forms of organs and describing their varieties, homologies, and metamorphoses. See Tectology, and Promorphology.
n.
The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions.
n.
That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs of animals and plants. See Morphology.
n.
A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology.
n.
An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or voice than that for which it was originally written, as the translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an arrangement; -- a name applied by modern composers for the piano to a more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Liszt's transcriptions of songs by Schubert.
a.
Done as from a copy; having the style or appearance of a transcription.
n.
one who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology or in metaphysics.
n.
That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity.
n.
One versed in electro-biology.
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