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Pathogenic small single-stranded circular RNA
metatranscriptomics study suggests that viroids and viroid-like elements can be found in all domains of life. The first discoveries of viroids in the 1970s triggered the
Viroid
Viroid infecting hop, hemp and cannabis
Hop latent viroid (abbreviated HpLVd, or HLVd, binomial Cocadviroid latenshumuli) is a viroid, which is known to cause the Dudding Disease in hemp and
Hop_latent_viroid
Phylogenetic group described in January 2024
that consists of a type of infectious agent composed of RNA. Described as "viroid-like elements", obelisks consist of RNA in a circular rod shape without
Obelisk_(biology)
Species of viroid
The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd, Pospiviroid fusituberis) was the first viroid to be identified. PSTVd is a small, single stranded circular RNA
Potato_spindle_tuber_viroid
Life that has no cellular structure
If viruses are borderline cases or nonliving, viroids are further from being living organisms. Viroids are some of the smallest infectious agents, consisting
Non-cellular_life
American plant pathologist (1921–2023)
– 28 March 2023) was a Swiss-American plant pathologist who discovered viroids in 1971, recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
Theodor_Otto_Diener
Organisation of viruses into a taxonomic system
virus species (including some classed as satellite viruses and others as viroids) in 3,768 genera, 368 families, 93 orders, 49 classes, 22 phyla, 11 kingdoms
Virus_classification
Theory that viruses predate cellular life
life. Unlike the main virus-first scenario, the "viroid-first" or "viroid early" version holds that viroids are not only direct descendants of pre-cellular
Virus_world_hypothesis
Species of viroid
Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBV, Avsunviroid albamaculaperseae) is a disease affecting avocado trees. Infections result in lower yields and poorer quality
Avocado_sunblotch_viroid
Disease of the coconut palm
Cadang-cadang is a disease caused by Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd, Cocadviroid cadangi), a lethal viroid of several palms including coconut (Cocos nucifera)
Cadang-cadang
Pathogenic entities
fundamental properties of viruses. Subviral agents consist of satellites, viroids, prions, defective interfering particles, viriforms, and, most recently
List_of_subviral_agents
Species of virus
Peach latent mosaic viroid (binomial name Pelamoviroid latenspruni)(PLMVd) is a species of the genus Pelamoviroid, which belongs to the family Avsunviroidae
Peach_latent_mosaic_viroid
Family of viroids
Pospiviroidae is an incertae sedis family of ssRNA viroids with 5 genera and 39 species, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd, which is part of genus
Pospiviroidae
Biological entity that causes disease in its host
infectious microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause
Pathogen
Topics referred to by the same term
viroid can refer to two different species of viroid, both in the genus Apscaviroid: Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 Grapevine yellow speckle viroid
Grapevine yellow speckle viroid
Grapevine_yellow_speckle_viroid
Disease of citrus plants
exocortis is a disease of citrus plants, caused by the Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd, Pospiviroid exocortiscitri). It can cause stunted growth and reduced
Citrus_exocortis
Encoded identifier used by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
biocontrol agents 11,500 microorganism species (e.g. bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids and virus-like) Plants are identified by a five-letter code, other organisms
EPPO_Code
Plant species in the gentian family
Viral and viroid diseases Bean yellow mosaic genus Potyvirus, Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) Cucumber mosaic genus Cucumovirus, Cucumber mosaic virus
Eustoma_russellianum
Species of viroid
Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (Apscaviroid alphaflavivitis) is a type of viroid that infects grapevine. While this viroid may infect a vine, its host
Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1
Grapevine_yellow_speckle_viroid_1
Viral and viroid diseases Cucumber mosaic genus Cucumovirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot
List of Jerusalem cherry diseases
List_of_Jerusalem_cherry_diseases
Strain of virus
The citrus gummy bark viroid (abbreviated CGBVd) is a strain of Hop stunt viroid, and thus is a member of the genus Hostuviroid. As the name suggests,
Citrus_gummy_bark_viroid
Species of viroid
bark viroid Dapple peach fruit disease viroid Dapple plum and peach fruit disease viroid Grapevine viroid Hop stunt viroid - citrus Hop stunt viroid - cucumber
Hop_stunt_viroid
Family of viroids
The Avsunviroidae are a family of viroids. There are five species in three genera (Avsunviroid, Elaviroid and Pelamoviroid). They consist of RNA genomes
Avsunviroidae
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Kalanchoë mosaic Kalanchoë mosaic virus (KMV) Spotted wilt Tomato
List_of_kalanchoe_diseases
Fictional plague appearing in Marvel Comics
well as mutating so that it affected humans as well. The Legacy Virus is a viroid released by Stryfe, a terrorist and clone of Cable from 2,000 years in the
Legacy_Virus
Viral and viroid diseases Big vein Lettuce big vein virus Calico Alfalfa mosaic virus Tobacco ringspot virus Lettuce dieback Lettuce necrotic stunt virus
List_of_lettuce_diseases
Family of retrotransposons
Avsunviroidae (one of the two classes of viroids). Due to their simplicity, many have suggested that viroids originated and are remnants of the RNA world
Retrozyme
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Tomato spotted wilt genus Tospovirus, Tomato spotted
List of butterfly flower diseases
List_of_butterfly_flower_diseases
Viral and viroid diseases Cucumber mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Impatiens necrotic spot Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Spotted wilt Tomato
List_of_bellflower_diseases
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
List of Persian violet diseases
List_of_Persian_violet_diseases
Realm of viruses
origin in which a ribovirian and a ribozyvirian or a ribozyme-containing viroid recombined to form a new lineage. Riboviria contains two kingdoms, 8 phyla
Riboviria
Virus and viroid diseases Cucumber mosaic genus Cucumovirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot
List of African daisy diseases
List_of_African_daisy_diseases
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Tobacco mosaic genus Tobamovirus, Tobacco mosaic
List of bleeding heart diseases
List_of_bleeding_heart_diseases
International organisation that regulates classification and nomenclature of viruses
to the classification of viroids. The formal endings for taxa of viroids are the word viroid for species, the suffix -viroid for genera, the suffix -viroinae
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Spotted wilt Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
List of sapphire flower diseases
List_of_sapphire_flower_diseases
Subviral agent which depends on a helper virus for its replication
(satLTSV) Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV satellite RNA Cherry small circular viroid-like RNA Realm Ribozyviria / Family Kolmioviridae – Deltavirus-like satellite-like
Satellite_(biology)
Circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication
Virusoids are essentially viroids that have been encapsulated by a helper virus coat protein. They are thus similar to viroids in their means of replication
Virusoid
Viral and viroid diseases Asteroid spot = cherry Utah dixie spot GTP Bark and wood grooving GTP Blotch GTP Calico GTP Chlorosis GTP Chlorotic spot GTP
List of peach and nectarine diseases
List_of_peach_and_nectarine_diseases
British philosopher
Ansell-Pearson is the author of numerous books, including Germinal Life, Viroid Life and Philosophy and the Adventure of the Virtual. Ansell-Pearson graduated
Keith_Ansell-Pearson
Biological process
(+)ssRNA virus (−)ssRNA virus ssRNA-RT virus dsDNA-RT virus Subviral agents Viroid Pospiviroidae Avsunviroidae Helper-virus dependent Satellite ssRNA satellite
Cell_division
Viroid diseases Swollen apple Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) Apple dimple fruit Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) Apple fruit crinkle Apple fruit crinkle
List_of_apple_diseases
Virus and viroid diseases Cucumber mosaic genus Cucumovirus, Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot
List_of_cyclamen_diseases
Topics referred to by the same term
Attorney-General of Victoria Attorney General of Virginia Australian grapevine viroid, a plant viroid Automated Guided Vehicle, a mobile robot used in industrial applications
AGV
Genus of viroids
is a genus of ssRNA viroids that infects plants, most commonly tubers. It belongs to the family Pospiviroidae. The first viroid discovered was a pospiviroid
Pospiviroid
Viral and viroid diseases Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV)
List_of_cacao_diseases
Fully infectious extracellular virus particle
of the Narnaviridae and the viroids of the Pospiviroidae (with the Citrus Exocortis Viroid and the Citrus Bark Crack Viroid). If the genome consists of
Virion
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Spotted wilt Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
List of holiday cacti diseases
List_of_holiday_cacti_diseases
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
and would have been dependent on cellular life for billions of years. Viroids are molecules of RNA that are not classified as viruses because they lack
Virus
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
major floral extinction is that the divergence rate of subviral pathogens (viroids) of angiosperms sharply decreased, which indicates an enormous reduction
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Prion
Virus and viroid diseases Cucumber mosaic genus Cucumovirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot
List_of_anemone_diseases
Topics referred to by the same term
Ghostview, a front end for PostScript rasteriser software for Linux/X Grapevine viroid, a plant disease Gigavolt Search for "gv" or "g-v" on Wikipedia. G5 (disambiguation)
GV
Pasha, Ali; Schrader, Gritta; Ziebell, Heiko (7 August 2025). "Virus and viroid diversity in hops, investigating the German hop virome". PLOS ONE. 20 (8)
List_of_hop_diseases
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
world has resulted from research on viroids, the first representatives of a novel domain of "subviral pathogens". Viroids infect plants, where most are pathogens
RNA_world
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
HeLa
Viral and viroid diseases Flower break genus Tobamovirus, Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) Mosaic genus Potexvirus, Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) genus
List_of_cattleya_diseases
Biological kingdom
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Animal
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Spotted wilt Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
List_of_fuchsia_diseases
Viral and viroid diseases Apical necrosis Papaya apical necrosis virus Droopy necrosis Papaya droopy necrosis virus Feather leaf Unknown virus Leaf curl
List_of_papaya_diseases
DNA synthesis technique
plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids. Some eukaryotic viruses also replicate their DNA or RNA via the rolling
Rolling_circle_replication
Taxonomic rank
"various DNA". For viroids, the suffix is designated as -viroidia, and for satellites, the suffix is -satellitia, but as of 2019 neither viroid nor satellite
Realm_(virology)
RNA molecule chain
T7 RNA polymerase. Abiogenesis RNA world hypothesis PAH world hypothesis Viroid Spiegelman, S., Haruna, I., Holland, I.B., Beaudreau, G. & Mills, D. (1965)
Spiegelman's_Monster
2021-05-05. Mink, G. I. (1993). "Pollen and Seed-Transmitted Viruses and Viroids". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 31 (1). Annual Reviews: 375–402. doi:10
List_of_tomato_diseases
Low-calorie sweetener and flavor modifier
production is induced in katemfe in response to an attack upon the plant by viroid pathogens. Several members of the thaumatin protein family display significant
Thaumatin
Genus of viroids
Apscaviroid is a genus of ssRNA viroids that belongs to the family Pospiviroidae. "Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy
Apscaviroid
Cancer capable of infecting other individuals
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Clonally_transmissible_cancer
Phylum of RNA viruses
containing ribozymes in both sense and antisense orientations, similar to viroids—small, circular infectious agents that also utilize ribozymes. Ambiviruses
Ambiviricota
Virus, viroid and virus-like diseases African cereal streak African cereal streak virus Barley mild mosaic genus Bymovirus, Barley mild mosaic bymovirus
List_of_barley_diseases
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Mitochondria
Viral and viroid diseases Impatiens necrotic spot genus Tospovirus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Tomato spotted wilt genus Tospovirus, Tomato spotted
List_of_cineraria_diseases
Viral and viroid diseases Feathery mottle Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) Internal cork Internal cork strain of Sweet potato feathery mottle
List_of_sweet_potato_diseases
Martian meteorite discovered in Antarctica in 1984
been as small or smaller than these structures, as modern RNA viruses and viroids are often as little as a few dozen nanometers. Some of the structures are
Allan_Hills_84001
Rock and sediment microstructure
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Nanobe
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Protist
Listicle of diseases and disorders in potatoes
Viral and viroid diseases Alfalfa mosaic virus genus Alfamovirus, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) Andean potato latent virus genus Tymovirus, Andean potato
List_of_potato_diseases
Strain of viroid
The Australian grapevine viroid (abbreviated AGV), binomial name Apscaviroid austravitis, is a type of grapevine viroid. List of viruses ICTV. "Apscaviroid
Australian_grapevine_viroid
Taxonomic rank
/ Life Acytota / Aphanobionta non-cellular life Virusobiota (Viruses, Viroids) Prionobiota (Prions) Cytota cellular life Prokaryota / Procarya (Monera)
Kingdom_(taxonomy)
Hierarchical level in biological classification
of viroids, of satellite nucleic acids, and of viriforms are similar to that of viruses, only -vir- in the suffixes above is replaced by -viroid-, -satellit-
Taxonomic_rank
Type of behavior of a dynamical system
(+)ssRNA virus (−)ssRNA virus ssRNA-RT virus dsDNA-RT virus Subviral agents Viroid Pospiviroidae Avsunviroidae Helper-virus dependent Satellite ssRNA satellite
Self-replication
This article is a list of diseases of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). This also includes oomycetes "Diseases of Poinsettia". Common Names of Diseases
List_of_poinsettia_diseases
Kingdom of organisms
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Plant
Diseases of plants
cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic
Plant_disease
Cadang-cadang Coconut cadang-cadang viroid Foliar decay ssDNA virus, identity uncertain Tinangaja Coconut tinangaja viroid Natuna wilt Not known Premature
List_of_coconut_palm_diseases
Aqueous phase rich in macromolecules
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Coacervate
Family of large biological molecules
proteins protect the genome as the virus particle moves to a new host cell. Viroids are another group of pathogens, but they consist only of RNA, do not encode
RNA
This is a list of diseases of carrots (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Carrot Diseases
List_of_carrot_diseases
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Eukaryote
DNA that does not code for proteins
(+)ssRNA virus (−)ssRNA virus ssRNA-RT virus dsDNA-RT virus Subviral agents Viroid Pospiviroidae Avsunviroidae Helper-virus dependent Satellite ssRNA satellite
Non-coding_DNA
Small DNA molecule within a cell
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Plasmid
Inflammation of the liver
hepatitis B and C but is frequently compared to or used as an example of viroids (in relation to humans). It is primarily transmitted via non-sexual contact
Hepatitis
Genus of bacteria
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Nanobacterium
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Domain of microorganisms
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Bacteria
Prevailing theory about diseases
or fungi, or other pathogens, including parasites, viruses, prions, or viroids. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental
Germ_theory_of_disease
RNA family
Parakaryon Microbes with highly unusual DNA (?) Non-cellular life Virus Viroid Satellite Viriform Realms Adnaviria Duplodnaviria Efunaviria Floreoviria
Retron
Branch of virology
(+)ssRNA virus (−)ssRNA virus ssRNA-RT virus dsDNA-RT virus Subviral agents Viroid Pospiviroidae Avsunviroidae Helper-virus dependent Satellite ssRNA satellite
Synthetic_virology
Val Variable region Variance Variate Variegation Vector Viability Virion Viroid Virus VNTR Wahlund effect Weismann barrier Western blot Wild type Wilms'
Index_of_genetics_articles
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
and would have been dependent on cellular life for billions of years. Viroids are molecules of RNA that are not classified as viruses because they lack
Viral_evolution
Biomolecule
Gene knockdown Gene silencing Oligonucleotide synthesis EsiRNA NatsiRNA Viroid VIRsiRNAdb CRISPR Dharmacon Persomics Laganà A, Veneziano D, Russo F, Pulvirenti
Small_interfering_RNA
Taxonomic rank
/ Life Acytota / Aphanobionta non-cellular life Virusobiota (Viruses, Viroids) Prionobiota (Prions) Cytota cellular life Prokaryota / Procarya (Monera)
Domain_(taxonomy)
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