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Organisation of viruses into a taxonomic system
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular
Virus_classification
International organisation that regulates classification and nomenclature of viruses
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses. The ICTV develops a universal
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses
Virus classification system made by David Baltimore
Baltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses by their routes of transferring genetic information from the genome to messenger RNA (mRNA)
Baltimore_classification
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals
Virus
Subclass of viruses
realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises
RNA_virus
Papilloma virus which infects certain leporids
The Shope papilloma virus (SPV), also known as cottontail rabbit papilloma virus (CRPV) or Kappapapillomavirus 2, is a papillomavirus which infects certain
Shope_papilloma_virus
Study of viruses
scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods
Virology
Species of flavivirus causing West Nile fever
genus Orthoflavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. The virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, mostly species
West_Nile_virus
Acute infectious disease of the liver
an infectious, vaccine-preventable liver disease caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis. Many cases have few or no symptoms
Hepatitis_A
Type of viruses that cause gastroenteritis
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. The infection, sometimes referred to informally as the winter vomiting
Norovirus
Class of viruses in the Baltimore classification
from a common RNA virus ancestor. In the Baltimore classification system, +ssRNA viruses belong to Group IV. Positive-sense RNA viruses include pathogens
Positive-strand_RNA_virus
Science of classifying organisms
Taxonomy (general) – Development of classes and classifications Virus classification – Organisation of viruses into a taxonomic system This ranking system
Taxonomy_(biology)
Species of virus
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus rabies) is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in animals, including humans. It can cause violence, hydrophobia, and fever
Rabies_virus
Strain of murine leukemia virus
The Friend virus (FV) is a strain of murine leukemia virus identified by Charlotte Friend in 1957. The virus infects adult immunocompetent mice and is
Friend_virus
Family of viruses
A retrovirus is a virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
Retrovirus
Contagious virus mainly affecting dogs
Canine parvovirus (also referred to as CPV, CPV2, or parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs and wolves. CPV is highly contagious and is spread
Canine_parvovirus
Genus of viruses
(from the Greek λύσσα lyssa "rage, fury, rabies" and the Latin vīrus) is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Mammals
Lyssavirus
Microcomputer virus
Elk Cloner is one of the first known microcomputer viruses that spread "in the wild", i.e., outside the computer system or laboratory in which it was
Elk_Cloner
Herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles
Varicella zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3, HHV3), is one of nine known herpes viruses that can infect humans. It causes chickenpox
Varicella_zoster_virus
Species of virus
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects cats. FeLV can be transmitted by infected cats via the transfer of saliva or nasal secretions
Feline_leukemia_virus
Taxonomic rank between class and family
of realm. Virus orders are indicated by the suffix -virales. Cladistics Phylogenetics Systematics Taxonomic rank Taxonomy Virus classification Tobin, Allan
Order_(taxonomy)
Viral disease affecting some mammals
distemper is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae (the same family of viruses that causes measles and mumps in humans). The
Canine_distemper
Virus affecting plants of the Solanaceae family
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially
Tobacco_mosaic_virus
Species of virus
The measles virus (MV) (scientific name Morbillivirus hominis), is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped, non-segmented RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus
Measles_virus
Infection caused by the chikungunya virus
Chikungunya is an infection caused by the chikungunya virus. The most common symptoms are fever and joint pain, typically occurring four to eight days
Chikungunya
Genus of viruses
Lists of virus taxa Microbiology Virology Virus classification "Virus Taxonomy: 2025 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved
Alphapithovirus
Species of virus
the disease. The ICTV abbreviation for Squirrelpox virus is SQPV. The classification of the virus is still under debate, and the recent studies have suggested
Squirrelpox_virus
Genus of viruses
Liánghé virus Lohja virus Malacky virus Muleshoe virus Necocli virus Orán virus Oxbow virus Playa de Oro virus Powell Butte virus Prairie vole virus Qiān
Hantavirus
Outermost layer of many types of the infectious agent
layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral
Viral_envelope
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) is a viral vector engineered from the naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) to be used as a tool for
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus
Self-complementary_adeno-associated_virus
detection of RNA viruses (groups II, IV, and V on the Baltimore Virus Classification system), such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Ebola virus. RT-LAMP is
Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification
Reverse_Transcription_Loop-mediated_Isothermal_Amplification
Species of virus
Powassan virus (POWV) is a tickborne flavivirus found naturally in North America and Russia. It is named after the town of Powassan, Ontario, where it
Powassan_virus
Species of virus
International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the central governing body for viral classification. Matonaviridae is named after George de Maton
Rubella_virus
Species of virus
Nipah virus (Henipavirus nipahense) is a bat-borne, zoonotic virus that causes Nipah virus infection in humans and other animals, a disease with a very
Nipah_virus
Virus responsible for hemorrhagic fever
Marburg virus (MARV) is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the Filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus, genus Marburgvirus
Marburg_virus
Species of virus
Influenza A virus, or IAV, is a pathogen with strains that cause seasonal flu in humans; it can also infect birds and some mammals. Strains of IAV circulate
Influenza_A_virus
Species of virus
Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 (IIV-31, Iridovirus armadillidium1) , also called isopod iridovirus, is a species of invertebrate iridescent virus in the genus
Invertebrate iridescent virus 31
Invertebrate_iridescent_virus_31
Influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds
the infection, and on the species of bird or mammal affected. Classification of a virus strain as either low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or high
Avian_influenza
Virus of the herpes family
one of the most common viruses in humans. EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus. EBV is the first identified oncogenic virus, a virus that can cause cancer
Epstein–Barr_virus
Species of virus
Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is a species of orthoebolavirus that is closely related to the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV). The virus is one of several that can cause
Bundibugyo_ebolavirus
Species of virus
Variola virus is the causative agent of smallpox, a formerly widespread and dangerous disease in humans. The virus is large and brick-shaped and is approximately
Variola_virus
Academic journal
evolutionary processes, virus classification, viral molecular epidemiology, viral phylodynamics, and environmental virology. Virus Evolution is indexed in Academic
Virus_Evolution_(journal)
Species of virus
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that affects cats worldwide with 2.5% to 4.4% of felines being infected. FIV was first isolated in
Feline_immunodeficiency_virus
Type of virus according to Baltimore classification
common dsRNA virus ancestor, but evolved their double strands two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. In the Baltimore classification system,
Double-stranded_RNA_viruses
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
virology concerned with the evolution of viruses. Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses—have relatively high mutation rates
Viral_evolution
Species of virus
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Nanoviridae known for infecting banana plants and other crops. It is aphid transmitted
Banana_bunchy_top_virus
Genus of viruses
Parajeilongvirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. The genus contains the following species: Parajeilongvirus brazilense Parajeilongvirus
Parajeilongvirus
Subfamily of viruses in the family Coronaviridae
Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections
Coronavirus
Disease of humans and animals
Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the Cowpox virus (CPXV). It presents with large blisters in the skin, a fever and swollen glands, historically
Cowpox
Viral agent that causes mumps
The mumps virus (MuV) is the virus that causes mumps. MuV contains a single-stranded, negative-sense genome made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Its genome
Mumps_virus
Species of virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a virus that causes infections of
Respiratory_syncytial_virus
Significant economic disease of cattle caused by two species of Pestivirus
diarrhoea (UK English) or mucosal disease, previously referred to as bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), is an economically significant disease of cattle that is
Bovine_viral_diarrhea
Subtype of Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) is a subtype of influenza A virus (IAV). Some human-adapted strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and are one
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1
Genus of viruses
Iridovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Iridoviridae. Arthropods serve as natural hosts. Currently, only two species are placed in this genus.
Iridovirus
Formation of biological viruses during the infection process
replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral
Viral_replication
Tornidovirineae Viruses portal Virus Virology Virus classification WikiSpecies:Virus Wikipedia:WikiProject Viruses List of virus genera Lists of virus taxa "Virus Taxonomy:
List_of_higher_virus_taxa
Species of virus
Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tombusviridae. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Carnation mottle virus Family Groups
Carnation_mottle_virus
Order of viruses
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 17 March 2025. "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 17 March
Elliovirales
Species of virus
Influenza B virus is the only species in the genus Betainfluenzavirus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. Influenza B virus is a negative-sense single-strand
Influenza_B_virus
Species of virus
Bat mumps virus (BMV) is a member of genus Orthorubulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae, and order Mononegavirales. Paramyxoviridae viruses were first isolated
Bat_mumps_virus
Species of bacteriophage
Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infects Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae
Escherichia_virus_T4
Taxonomic rank between genus and order
organisms Cladistics, the classification of organisms by their order of branching in an evolutionary tree Virus classification List of Anuran families List
Family_(taxonomy)
Largest virus ever discovered
Megaklothovirus horridgei is the largest virus ever discovered. It is 3.9 μm long, which is about twice the length of an Escherichia coli bacterium. It
Megaklothovirus_horridgei
Genus of viruses
Paramorbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. The genus contains the following species: Paramorbillivirus berylmysis Paramorbillivirus
Paramorbillivirus
Topics referred to by the same term
scientific classification system Virus classification, naming and sorting viruses Galaxy morphological classification Stellar classification Categorization
Scientific classification (disambiguation)
Scientific_classification_(disambiguation)
Genus of viruses
Metaavulavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. The genus contains the following species: Metaavulavirus bangorense Metaavulavirus
Metaavulavirus
Subtype of the influenza A virus
according to both the strain of virus underlying the infection and on the species of bird or mammal affected. Classification as either Low Pathogenic Avian
Influenza A virus subtype H7N9
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H7N9
Species of flavivirus
Zika virus (ZIKV; pronounced /ˈziːkə/ or /ˈzɪkə/) is an arbovirus which is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae. It is spread by daytime-active Aedes
Zika_virus
Member of the polyomavirus family
The BK virus, also known as Human polyomavirus 1, is a member of the polyomavirus family. Past infection with the BK virus is widespread, but significant
BK_virus
Species of virus
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is a plant virus of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. This potyvirus infects more than 300 plant species across
Turnip_mosaic_virus
Species of virus
Tulip breaking virus is one of five plant viruses of the family Potyviridae that cause color-breaking of tulip flowers. These viruses infect plants in
Tulip_breaking_virus
Species of virus
Hendra virus (Henipavirus hendraense) is a zoonotic virus found solely in Australia. First isolated in 1994, the virus has since been connected to numerous
Hendra_virus
Eradicated morbillivirus disease
Rinderpest virus (RPV) belongs to the genus Morbillivirus, alongside measles virus – its closest relative – and canine distemper virus. The measles virus may
Rinderpest
Species of virus
Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. It is found worldwide and affects tomatoes and many other plants. The foliage of affected tomato
Tomato_mosaic_virus
Pathogenic entities
most recently, obelisks. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Virus classification Kogay, Roman; Koppenhöfer, Sonja; Beatty, J Thomas; Kuhn, Jens H;
List_of_subviral_agents
Genus of viruses
Narmovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. The genus contains the following species: Narmovirus meliandouense Narmovirus microti
Narmovirus
Soviet virologist and epidemiologist (1914-1987)
two years later. His work in virus classification saw him admitted to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as a life member. In addition
Viktor_Zhdanov
Species of virus
Schmallenberg virus, abbreviated SBV, is a virus that causes congenital malformations and stillbirths in cattle, sheep, goats, and possibly alpaca. It
Schmallenberg_virus
Order of viruses
Halopanivirales is an order of viruses. The order has three families: Matsushitaviridae Simuloviridae Sphaerolipoviridae "Virus Taxonomy: 2025 Release". International
Halopanivirales
Species of virus
Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Potyvirus citrulli), also known as Marrow mosaic virus, Melon mosaic virus, and Watermelon mosaic virus type 2 (WMV-2), is
Watermelon_mosaic_virus
Genus of viruses
Paraavulavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. The genus contains the following species: Paraavulavirus hongkongense Paraavulavirus
Paraavulavirus
Species of double-stranded DNA virus
virus (MPV, MPXV, or hMPXV) is a species of double-stranded DNA viruses that causes mpox disease in humans and other mammals. It is a zoonotic virus belonging
Monkeypox_virus
Life that has no cellular structure
lineages, and every currently living cell. Carbon chauvinism Virus classification Virus-like particle Hypothetical types of biochemistry Nanobe Plasmid
Non-cellular_life
Phylum of viruses
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 4 March 2025. "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 4 March
Produgelaviricota
Infectious disease
Influenza B virus (IBV) and influenza C virus (ICV) primarily infect humans, and influenza D virus (IDV) is found in cattle and pigs. Influenza A virus and influenza
Influenza
Species of virus
Getah virus has a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. According to Baltimore Classification System, this virus is in Group IV. The virus appears
Getah_virus
Species of virus
variegation virus (CVV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae. "Taxon Details: Ilarvirus CVV". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved
Citrus_variegation_virus
Species of virus
GB virus C (GBV-C), formerly known as hepatitis G virus (HGV) and also known as human pegivirus (HPgV), is a virus in the family Hepaciviridae in the
GB_virus_C
RNA virus infecting salmonid fish
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a double-stranded RNA virus from the family Birnaviridae, in the genus Aquabirnavirus. Causing the highly
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
Infectious_pancreatic_necrosis_virus
Species of retrovirus
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a species of retrovirus that cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of non-human primates. Based on
Simian_immunodeficiency_virus
Species of virus
vacuolating virus 40 or simian virus 40, a polyomavirus that is found in both monkeys and humans. Like other polyomaviruses, SV40 is a DNA virus that is found
SV40
Human viral disease
three-day measles, is a vaccine-preventable infection caused by the rubella virus. Symptoms of the disease are often mild, sometimes inapparent. A rash may
Rubella
Species of virus
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a plant virus in the genus Tobamovirus that was first described in 2015. It has spread rapidly since it was
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus
Tomato_brown_rugose_fruit_virus
Species of virus
Myxoma virus is a poxvirus in the genus Leporipoxvirus. The two broad geographic types of Myxoma virus are Californian and South American. Californian
Myxoma_virus
Subfamily of viruses
Orthoparamyxovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. The subfamily contains the following genera: Bovinavirus Henipavirus Jeilongvirus
Orthoparamyxovirinae
Species of virus
Cactus virus X (CVX) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Alphaflexiviridae. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Cactus virus X Family Groups -
Cactus_virus_X
Subtype of influenza A virus
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus that causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu")
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1
Phylum of viruses
Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid
Negative-strand_RNA_virus
Species of virus
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae and genus
Dengue_virus
Species of virus
Asparagus virus 3 is a pathogenic plant virus in the family Alphaflexiviridae. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Asparagus virus 3 Family Groups
Asparagus_virus_3
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VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
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