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Optical microscopy technique
Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness
Phase-contrast_microscopy
Quantitative phase contrast microscopy or quantitative phase imaging are the collective names for a group of microscopy methods that quantify the phase shift
Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy
Quantitative_phase-contrast_microscopy
Optical microscopy technique
interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also called Nomarski interference contrast (NIC) or Nomarski microscopy, is an optical microscopy technique used
Differential interference contrast microscopy
Differential_interference_contrast_microscopy
Imaging method
differentiate between structures under analysis. In conventional light microscopy, phase contrast can be employed to distinguish between structures of similar transparency
Phase-contrast_imaging
Laboratory technique
sample Phase-contrast illumination, sample contrast comes from interference of different path lengths of light through the sample Dark-field microscopy has
Dark-field_microscopy
Viewing of objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Becke line, oblique, darkfield, phase contrast, and objective stop dispersion staining. In electron microscopy: Phase-contrast imaging More sophisticated techniques
Microscopy
American optical engineer (1971–2022)
best known for his work on biomedical optics and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy. Popescu was born on October 24, 1971, in Romania. He obtained
Gabriel_Popescu_(scientist)
Study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy
quantitative phase-contrast microscopy has emerged as an alternative microscopy method for live-cell imaging. Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy has an
Live-cell_imaging
Quantitative phase microscope
holographic microscopy thus makes it possible to visualize and quantify transparent objects and is therefore also referred to as quantitative phase-contrast microscopy
Digital holographic microscopy
Digital_holographic_microscopy
Optical microscopy technique
differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC microscopy), contrast is increased by using components in the light path which convert phase gradients in the
Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy
Hoffman_modulation_contrast_microscopy
Imaging mode of electron microscopes
resolution transmission electron microscopy is that image formation relies on phase contrast. In phase-contrast imaging, contrast is not intuitively interpretable
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
High-resolution_transmission_electron_microscopy
Light microscope accessory
observed. Phase telescopes are primarily used for aligning the optical components required for Köhler illumination and phase contrast microscopy. For Köhler
Phase_telescope
Phase Micro-objects
invisible phase shifts into intensity changes. Other microscopy methods related to holographic interference microscopy are phase contrast microscopy and holographic
Holographic interference microscopy
Holographic_interference_microscopy
Polynomial sequence
laureate of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physics and the inventor of phase-contrast microscopy, they play important roles in various optics branches such as
Zernike_polynomials
Scanning microscopy using thin samples and transmitted electrons
detector an appealing technique in contrast to conventional high-resolution electron microscopy, in which phase-contrast effects mean that atomic resolution
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy
Topics referred to by the same term
maize, a high yield variety Quantitative phase contrast microscopy, a group of microscopy methods Quasi-phase-matching, a technique in nonlinear optics
QPM
Microscope that uses visible light
For illumination techniques like dark field, phase contrast and differential interference contrast microscopy additional optical components must be precisely
Optical_microscope
Imaging and diffraction using electrons that pass through samples
weaker contrast. Crystal structure can also be investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), also known as phase contrast. When
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission_electron_microscopy
eigenfunctions or stretch modes. PST performs similar functionality as phase-contrast microscopy, but on digital images. PST can be applied to digital images and
Phase_stretch_transform
Mathematical function in general imaging
This contrast transfer function (CTF) sets the resolution of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), also known as phase contrast TEM
Contrast_transfer_function
Epithelial cell of the human vagina that is covered with bacteria
Phase contrast microscopy of clue cells in a vaginal swab
Clue_cell
Type of microscope with electrons as a source of illumination
nanocrystalline materials Immune electron microscopy - the use of electron microscopy in immunology Geometric phase analysis - a method to analyze high-resolution
Electron_microscope
Dutch physicist (1888–1966)
in Wageningen in 1933, that Zernike first described his phase contrast technique in microscopy. He extended his method to test the figure of concave mirrors
Frits_Zernike
Measurement method using interference of waves
phase-contrast x-ray image of a spider Phase contrast and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy are important tools in biology and medicine
Interferometry
Virally infected epithelial cells found in urine
can be seen in a urine sample through Papanicolaou staining or phase-contrast microscopy. By Papanicolaou stain, most decoy cells have an enlarged nucleus
Decoy_cells
Imaging systems using changes in phase
to microscopy won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953. Ever since, phase-contrast microscopy has been an important field of optical microscopy. The
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Type of microscope that uses X-rays
Extremely high-intensity sources of 9.25 keV X-rays for X-ray phase-contrast microscopy, from a focal spot about 10 μm × 10 μm, may be obtained with a
X-ray_microscope
Method of specimen illumination used in optical microscopy
objective (e.g. the phase ring for phase contrast microscopy) and at the condenser diaphragm (e.g. the annulus for phase contrast microscopy) should also appear
Köhler_illumination
Form of electron microscopy
Kondo, Yukihito; Ikuhara, Yuichi (August 2012). "Differential phase-contrast microscopy at atomic resolution". Nature Physics. 8 (8): 611–615. Bibcode:2012NatPh
4D scanning transmission electron microscopy
4D_scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy
Branch of biology that studies cells
can then be visualized. Phase-contrast microscopy: Uses the optical aspect of light to represent the solid, liquid, and gas-phase changes as brightness
Cell_biology
Type of microscopy using a physical probe
Non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), also known as dynamic force microscopy (DFM), is a mode of atomic force microscopy, which itself is a type
Non-contact atomic force microscopy
Non-contact_atomic_force_microscopy
Series of techniques in optical microscopy
Super-resolution microscopy is a series of super-resolution imaging techniques in optical microscopy that allow such images to have resolutions higher
Super-resolution_microscopy
Type of common-path interferometer
test and reference beams. The device is similar in operation to phase-contrast microscopy. PDI systems are valuable tool to measure absolute surface characteristics
Point diffraction interferometer
Point_diffraction_interferometer
Property in optics
Zernike phase-contrast microscopy, differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC), or interferometry. Zernike phase-contrast microscopy introduces
Refractive_index
Fluorescence interference contrast (FLIC) microscopy is a microscopic technique developed to achieve z-resolution on the nanometer scale. FLIC occurs whenever
Fluorescence interference contrast microscopy
Fluorescence_interference_contrast_microscopy
Scientific instrument for observing small objects
specifically sensitive cameras. Phase-contrast microscopy is an optical microscopic illumination technique in which small phase shifts in the light passing
Microscope
Medical condition
results The diagnosis is based on microscopic criteria. Ideally, phase-contrast microscopy is used with a magnification of 400x (high-power field) or by
Aerobic_vaginitis
interferometer (white-light) (microscopy) Young's double-slit interferometer Zernike phase-contrast microscopy ZWF interferometer (microscopy)(see https://doi.org/10
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Microscopy using two separate light beams
greater lateral separation than that used in phase contrast microscopy or in differential interference microscopy (DIC). In variants of the interference microscope
Classical interference microscopy
Classical_interference_microscopy
Spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus
Morchella elata asci viewed with phase contrast microscopy
Mushroom
Research centre in Groningen, the Netherlands
Nobel Prize winner Frits Zernike, famous for his development of phase contrast microscopy. The research of the Zernike Institute is focused on curiosity-driven
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
Zernike_Institute_for_Advanced_Materials
textures of a nematic liquid crystal for quantitative Fourier phase contrast microscopy". Optics & Laser Technology. 147 107631. Bibcode:2022OptLT.14707631K
Analog_image_processing
enhance contrast in unstained cells which is especially useful for examining living unpigmented cells. In other words, phase contrast is a contrast-enhancing
Patching_and_Capping
Species of bacterium
While cells are visible by dark-field or phase-contrast microscopy, they cannot be seen when bright-field microscopy is used. Brevinema andersonii was first
Brevinema_andersonii
Optical microscopy illumination technique
light, and contrast in the image is caused by attenuation of the transmitted light in dense areas of the sample. Bright-field microscopy is the simplest
Bright-field_microscopy
Type of electron microscope
electron microscopy has been presented by McMullan. Although Max Knoll produced a photo with a 50 mm object-field-width showing channeling contrast by the
Scanning_electron_microscope
Type of microscopy
Warren Lewis 1943 – The early cell division stage of grasshopper sperm cells shown using phase contrast time-lapse microscopy by Kurt Michel, Carl Zeiss AG
Time-lapse_microscopy
Non-linear optical imaging modality
Pump–probe microscopy is a non-linear optical imaging modality used in femtochemistry to study chemical reactions. It is a kind of ultrafast laser spectroscopy
Pump–probe_microscopy
Foodborne protozoan infection
recovered, standard tests are followed to identify C. cayetanensis; phase contrast microscopy for the spherical oocysts, modified acid-fast staining for variable
Cyclosporiasis
When testing for diatoms on an organic sample, scientists use phase contrast microscopy. While observing, the diatoms are tallied and organized based
Forensic_limnology
Species of slime mold, model organism
continue to slow in anticipation of condition changes (dubbed 'spontaneous in-phase slowdown') up to seven times. A mathematical model was created to explore
Physarum_polycephalum
Medical condition
three main ways to test for trichomoniasis. The first is known as saline microscopy. This is the most commonly used method and requires an endocervical, vaginal
Trichomoniasis
Species of bacteria
stain, Warthin-Starry silver stain, acridine orange stain, and phase-contrast microscopy. It is capable of forming biofilms. Biofilms hinder the action
Helicobacter_pylori
Cell line
HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) at 30-40% confluence, observed via phase contrast microscopy at 100x magnification.
HaCaT
Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) is the general term for using electron microscopes where electro optical components are
Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy
Aberration-corrected_transmission_electron_microscopy
Scanning electron microscope with a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber
(a) liquid-phase electron microscopy is possible since any pressure greater than 609 Pa allows water to be maintained in its liquid phase for temperatures
Environmental scanning electron microscope
Environmental_scanning_electron_microscope
Type of cells of the immunological system
cytoplasm granules (present or absent, or more precisely, visible on light microscopy or not thus visible). The other dichotomy is by lineage: Myeloid cells
White_blood_cell
Photoemission of adsorbed xenon PC or PCS – Photocurrent spectroscopy Phase contrast microscopy PhD – Photoelectron diffraction PD – Photodesorption PDEIS – Potentiodynamic
List of materials analysis methods
List_of_materials_analysis_methods
Scientific instruments
determination of magnetic domain wall profiles by differential phase contrast electron microscopy". Ultramicroscopy. 3 (2): 203–214. doi:10.1016/S0304-3991(78)80027-8
Detectors for transmission electron microscopy
Detectors_for_transmission_electron_microscopy
Low-energy electron microscopy, or LEEM, is an analytical surface science technique used to image atomically clean surfaces, atom-surface interactions
Low-energy electron microscopy
Low-energy_electron_microscopy
Bacterial growth form that lack cell walls, derived from different bacteria
Bacillus subtilis appear round when viewed by phase contrast microscopy or by transmission electron microscopy. Although L-forms can develop from Gram-positive
L-form_bacteria
Optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence
improvements in microscopy techniques have been invented in the 20th century and have resulted in increased resolution and contrast to some extent. However
Fluorescence_microscope
Histological staining method
Martius yellow, tartrazine, milling yellow Dispersion staining Microscopy Phase-contrast microscopy Lamar Jones, M. "Special Stains Education Guide". Chapter
Trichrome_staining
Fluorescence microscopy technique
good optical sectioning capabilities and high speed. In contrast to epifluorescence microscopy only a thin slice (usually a few hundred nanometers to a
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Light_sheet_fluorescence_microscopy
Cylindrical protein structure in urine in certain disease states
review under brightfield microscopy, or in an aged sample where dissolution has occurred whereas, though, phase contrast microscopy leads to easier identification
Urinary_cast
significantly higher contrast than conventional phase imaging techniques, such as phase-contrast microscopy. The higher contrast facilitates more robust
Live_single-cell_imaging
Study of metals using microscopy
with greater detail. Dark-field microscopy (DF), is an alternative method of observation that provides high-contrast images and actually greater resolution
Metallography
Microscopy methods
interferometric methods such as phase contrast or differential interference contrast, or reflection interference microscopy. The key feature of iSCAT is
Interferometric scattering microscopy
Interferometric_scattering_microscopy
methods (fluorescence microscopy/bright field microscopy/differential interference contrast microscopy/phase contrast microscopy/ etc.) and the types of
Laser_capture_microdissection
Species of halotolerant archaea
temperature is 40 °C (104 °F), making this archaea a mesophile. Optical phase-contrast microscopy image of a Haloquadratum walsbyi square cell. The numerous light
Haloquadratum_walsbyi
Species of parasite that causes sexually transmitted infections
Androutsos, George (2009). "Alfred Francois Donné (1801-78): a pioneer of microscopy, microbiology and haematology". Journal of Medical Biography. 17 (2):
Trichomonas_vaginalis
Protective structure formed by bacteria
light and DNA-damaging chemicals. Visualising endospores under light microscopy can be difficult due to the impermeability of the endospore wall to dyes
Endospore
Optical microscopy technique based on thin-film interference
Interference reflection microscopy (IRM), also called Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy (RICM) or Reflection Contrast Microscopy (RCM) depending on
Interference reflection microscopy
Interference_reflection_microscopy
Species of archaeon
replication, T. celer is condensed to a diploform shape as seen by phase contrast microscopy. The T. celer plasma membrane possesses large amounts of glycerol
Thermococcus_celer
Microscopy technique for piezoelectric materials
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM) that allows imaging and manipulation of piezoelectric/ferroelectric
Piezoresponse force microscopy
Piezoresponse_force_microscopy
Medical imaging technique
using diffusion-weighted, opposed-phase imaging and dynamic contrast enhancement sequences. Extracellular contrast agents are used widely in liver MRI
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Form of programmed cell death
that the topic was resurrected. While studying tissues using electron microscopy, John Kerr at the University of Queensland was able to distinguish apoptosis
Apoptosis
Genus of protozoans
Cochliopodium Amoeba of the genus Cochliopodium. Phase contrast microscopy. In the center, three digestive vacuoles with algae are visible, and a dark
Cochliopodium
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated
Atomic_force_microscopy
Method of microscopic imaging
t(a)i-KO-graf-ee) is a computational microscopy technique that reconstructs the complex-valued image (amplitude and phase) of a specimen from a series of coherent
Ptychography
involve air sampling. Air samples are typically analyzed using phase contrast microscopy (PCM). PCM involves counting fibers on a filter using a microscope
Health_impact_of_asbestos
Genus of bacteria
"fried egg" appearance (about 0.5 mm in diameter). In 1954, using phase-contrast microscopy, continual observations of live cells have shown that Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma
Genus of bacteria
decrease in light refractive by cysts, which is detected with phase contrast microscopy. Germination of cysts takes about 4–6 hours. During germination
Azotobacter
Fungal parasite of Amanita mushrooms
forms of microscopy including bright-field microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, interference contrast microscopy, and phase contrast microscopy have been
Hypomyces_hyalinus
Branch of biology that studies biological systems at the molecular level
Gholami, Azam; Enderlein, Jörg (2021-06-01). "Rapid multi-plane phase-contrast microscopy reveals torsional dynamics in flagellar motion". Biomedical Optics
Molecular_biology
Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM, μMRI) is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a microscopic level down to the scale of microns. The first definition
Magnetic_resonance_microscopy
Penultimate step in the activation of mammalian spermatozoa
developed in the 1980s for measuring sperm kinematics. CASA uses phase-contrast microscopy combined with sperm tracking software to analyze sperm motility
Capacitation
Interference pattern
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), translational moiré fringes can be seen as parallel contrast lines formed in phase-contrast TEM imaging by the interference
Moiré_pattern
Electron microscopy technique
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique applied to samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Developed
Cryo-electron_microscopy
Microscope imaging technique
which allows SH microscopy to image surface potentials without any labeling molecules. The SHG pattern is mainly determined by the phase matching condition
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Second-harmonic_imaging_microscopy
Imaging technique based on fluorescence
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique based on the differences in the exponential decay rate of the photon emission
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy
Fluorescence-lifetime_imaging_microscopy
German microbiologist
phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy. In 1944 he participated in the isolation of nucleosides in living bacteria using phase contrast microscopy
Hans_Knöll
Stem cells that give rise to other blood cells
means areas or clusters of cells look dull cobblestone-like under phase contrast microscopy, compared to the other hematopoietic stem cells, which are refractile
Hematopoietic_stem_cell
Microscope diffraction technique
the phase of the incident electron wave-function, and this, in turn, would be reflected in the backscattering probability, showing up as contrast (sharp
Electron channelling contrast imaging
Electron_channelling_contrast_imaging
Cell line
CHO cells adhered to a surface, seen under phase-contrast microscopy
Chinese_hamster_ovary_cell
Species of bacterium
final diagnosis from a stool sample requires a gram stain or phase contrast microscopy. Aside from stool cultures, C. jejuni can be detected using enzyme
Campylobacter_jejuni
Rigid structures found in some plants
the sample, polarized light microscopy, simple light microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, or scanning electron microscopy can be used. The sample should
Phytolith
Excessive growth of bacteria in the vagina
Amsel criteria: Thin, white, yellow, homogeneous discharge Clue cells on microscopy pH of vaginal fluid >4.5 Release of a fishy odor on adding alkali—10%
Bacterial_vaginosis
Species of fungus
of Candida albicans pleomorphic forms: phase-contrast microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy". Polish Journal of Microbiology. 61 (2)
Candida_albicans
German physician, biologist and behavioral physiologist
showed rhythmic behavior but mPER2 was constitutively expressed. Phase contrast microscopy was used to show that mPER2 was concentrated in the nucleus during
Jürgen_Aschoff
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