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Measurement method using interference of waves
Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry typically uses electromagnetic waves
Interferometry
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
specific time interval. Interferometry is still fundamental in establishing the calibration chain in length measurement. Interferometry is used in the calibration
Wave_interference
Array used for astronomical observations
astronomical objects such as stars, nebulas and galaxies by means of interferometry. The advantage of this technique is that it can theoretically produce
Astronomical_interferometer
Form of particle interferometry
Ramsey interferometry, also known as the separated oscillating fields method, is a form of particle interferometry that uses the phenomenon of magnetic
Ramsey_interferometry
Comparing widely separated telescope wavefronts
Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio astronomy. In VLBI a signal from an astronomical radio
Very-long-baseline interferometry
Very-long-baseline_interferometry
Astronomical imaging methods
divided into the shift-and-add (image stacking) method and the speckle interferometry methods. These techniques can dramatically increase the resolution of
Speckle_imaging
Optical biosensing technology
Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) is an optical biosensing technology that analyzes biomolecular interactions in real-time without the need for fluorescent
Bio-layer_interferometry
Analytical technique that probes molecular layers adsorbed to the surface of a waveguide
Dual-polarization interferometry (DPI) is an analytical technique that probes molecular layers adsorbed to the surface of a waveguide using the evanescent
Dual-polarization interferometry
Dual-polarization_interferometry
Measuring technique
Holographic interferometry (HI) is a technique that enables the measurement of static and dynamic displacements of objects with optically rough surfaces
Holographic_interferometry
Measurement technique
White light interferometry is a non-contact optical method for surface height measurement on 3D structures with surface profiles varying between tens of
White_light_interferometry
Sea interferometry, also known as sea-cliff interferometry, is a form of radio astronomy that uses radio waves reflected off the sea to produce an interference
Sea_interferometry
Directional radio antenna used in radio astronomy
processing facility. This process is known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Interferometry does increase the total signal collected, but its primary
Radio_telescope
Scientific Electronic Device
nuller is an optical instrument, e.g., a beam combiner for nulling interferometry, used to block or cancel out a strong source so that fainter signals
Nuller
Interferometer using neutron diffraction to make precise measurements
wave-like nature of neutrons, and other related phenomena, to be explored. Interferometry inherently depends on the wave nature of the object. As pointed out
Neutron_interferometer
Astronomical methodology
In optical astronomy, interferometry is used to combine signals from two or more telescopes to obtain measurements with higher resolution than could be
Astronomical optical interferometry
Astronomical_optical_interferometry
Interferometric technique
Self-mixing or back-injection laser interferometry is an interferometric technique in which a part of the light reflected by a vibrating target is reflected
Self-mixing_interferometry
Technique used to measure 3D topography using shifted interference
Phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) is an optical metrology technique for measuring surface topography and wavefront shape to sub-nanometre precision.
Phase-shifting_interferometry
Carrier Interferometry (CI) is a spread spectrum scheme designed to be used in an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system
Carrier_interferometry
Interferometry technique
SU(1,1) interferometry is a technique that uses parametric amplification for splitting and mixing of electromagnetic waves for precise estimation of phase
SU(1,1)_interferometry
Spectral interferometry (SI) or frequency-domain interferometry is a linear technique used to measure optical pulses, with the condition that a reference
Spectral_interferometry
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
techniques beyond straightforward imaging, such as polarimetry and interferometry. SAR images have wide applications in both Earth observation as well
Synthetic-aperture_radar
Coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is any of a class of optical surface measurement methods wherein the localization of interference fringes during
Coherence scanning interferometry
Coherence_scanning_interferometry
Imaging technique
depth-resolved images of biological tissue or other scattering media. It uses interferometry techniques to detect the amplitude and time-of-flight of reflected light
Optical_coherence_tomography
Grating-coupled interferometry (GCI) is a biophysical characterization method mainly used in biochemistry and drug discovery for label-free analysis of
Grating-coupled interferometry
Grating-coupled_interferometry
Subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies
telescopes utilizing the techniques of radio interferometry and aperture synthesis. The use of interferometry allows radio astronomy to achieve high angular
Radio_astronomy
Utrasound technique
Coda wave interferometry is an ultrasound technique for detection of weak and local changes in complex inhomogeneous media. Sound waves that travel through
Coda_wave_interferometry
Interferometer which uses the wave-like nature of atoms
include accelerometers, rotation sensors, and gravity gradiometers. Interferometry splits a wave into a superposition along two different paths. A spatially
Atom_interferometer
Interferometry examines the general interference phenomena between pairs of signals in order to gain useful information about the subsurface. Seismic interferometry
Seismic_interferometry
Cancelled NASA space telescope
The Space Interferometry Mission, or SIM, also known as SIM Lite (formerly known as SIM PlanetQuest), was a planned space telescope proposed by the U.S
Space_Interferometry_Mission
Optical device with parallel mirrors
In optics, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI), or etalon, is an optical cavity made from two parallel reflecting surfaces (mirrors). Optical waves can
Fabry–Pérot_interferometer
Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), also known as TV holography, is a technique that uses laser light, together with video detection, recording
Electronic speckle pattern interferometry
Electronic_speckle_pattern_interferometry
Compact astronomical body
in its observations of Sagittarius A* and M87*. Gravitational-wave interferometry can be used to detect merging black holes and other compact objects
Black_hole
Aperture masking interferometry (or Sparse aperture masking) is a form of speckle interferometry, that allows diffraction limited imaging from ground-based
Aperture masking interferometry
Aperture_masking_interferometry
performing surface height measurements of an object using coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) with spectrally-broadband, "white light" illumination. Different
White_light_scanner
European space mission to measure gravitational waves
observatory. It aims to measure gravitational waves directly by using laser interferometry. The LISA concept features three spacecraft arranged in an equilateral
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna
Astronomy device
An intensity interferometer is the name given to devices that use the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect. In astronomy, the most common use of such an astronomical
Intensity_interferometer
Relativistic effect due to rotation
after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is elicited by rotation. The Sagnac effect manifests itself in
Sagnac_effect
Topics referred to by the same term
the free dictionary. Null may refer to: Nuller, an optical tool using interferometry to block certain sources of light Null (SQL) (or NULL), a special marker
Null
Geodesy and remote sensing technique
amplitude and the absolute phase of the return signal data. In contrast, interferometry uses differential phase of the reflected radiation, either from multiple
Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
Interferometric_synthetic-aperture_radar
Common configuration for optical interferometry
The Michelson interferometer is a common configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by the American physicist Albert Abraham Michelson in
Michelson_interferometer
Technique in radio direction finding
and therefore two monopulse ratios are formed. Very-long-baseline interferometry Amplitude-comparison monopulse Monopulse radar Mahafza, Bassem R. (1998)
Phase-comparison_monopulse
Quantum correlations related to wave-particle duality
detector, and second, that according to Maxwell's equations, intensity interferometry should work. Others, such as Edward Mills Purcell immediately supported
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
Hanbury_Brown_and_Twiss_effect
also in hadron interferometry. Almost in parallel to the invention by Robert Hanbury-Brown and Richard Twiss of intensity interferometry in optics, Gerson
Bose–Einstein_correlations
Scientific instrument measuring light collimation
interferometer Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction, a type of spectral shearing interferometry, which is similar in concept
Shearing_interferometer
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
Slade, M.A. (June 4, 1999). "Topography of the Lunar Poles from Radar Interferometry: A Survey of Cold Trap Locations" (PDF). Science. 284 (5420): 1658–1660
Moon
Astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California, US
North America, making it ideal for astronomy and in particular for interferometry. The increasing light pollution due to the growth of greater Los Angeles
Mount_Wilson_Observatory
Chart of tissue blood volume changes
laser Doppler imaging of pulse waves on the surface of the hand by holographic photoplethysmography from on-axis digital interferometry.
Photoplethysmogram
Current standard celestial reference system and frame
extragalactic sources (mainly quasars) observed using very-long-baseline interferometry while the Gaia-CRF is an inertial barycentric reference frame defined
International Celestial Reference System and its realizations
International_Celestial_Reference_System_and_its_realizations
inexpensive method for measuring radial velocity is "externally dispersed interferometry". Until around 2012, the radial-velocity method (also known as Doppler
Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets
Fifth planet from the Sun
(1999). "Star Formation and Extrasolar Planet Studies with Near-Infrared Interferometry on the LBT". In Guenther, Eike; Stecklum, Bringfried; Klose, Sylvio
Jupiter
Absolute distance measurement technique
Frequency scanning interferometry (FSI) is an absolute distance measurement technique, for measuring the distance between a pair of points, along a line-of-sight
Frequency scanning interferometry
Frequency_scanning_interferometry
Turkish physicist
Fields Quantum physics Workplaces Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Thesis Multiparameter Entanglement and Quantum Interferometry. (2002)
Mete_Atatüre
on spectral shearing interferometry. Spectral shearing interferometry is similar in concept to lateral shearing interferometry, except the shearing is
Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction
Spectral_phase_interferometry_for_direct_electric-field_reconstruction
Telescope in the Atacama Desert, Chile
main VLT telescopes is to operate as four independent telescopes. The interferometry (combining light from multiple telescopes) is used about 20 percent
Very_Large_Telescope
including geometric optics, physical optics, radiometry, diffraction, and interferometry. There are different forms of the Poynting vector, the most common are
List_of_optics_equations
Topics referred to by the same term
electrical signals are of sufficient quality Sine integral, Si(x) Spectral interferometry, attosecond physics technique Systems integrator, in engineering Si
Si
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
"Speckle Interferometry". New Scientist. Vol. 78. pp. 238–40. Bibcode:1978NewSc..78..238W. Roddier, F. (1999). "Ground-based interferometry with adaptive
Betelgeuse
Galaxy containing the Solar System
for the Age and Mass of the Methuselah Star HD 140283 Using MESA and Interferometry and Implications for 1D Convection". Research Notes of the AAS. 5 (5):
Milky_Way
Speed of electromagnetic waves
their product equalling c. This is described in more detail in the "Interferometry" section below. In 1983 the metre was defined as "the length of the
Speed_of_light
Device to determine relative phase shift
an 1891 article was refined by Mach in an 1892 article. Mach–Zehnder interferometry has been demonstrated with electrons as well as with light. The versatility
Mach–Zehnder_interferometer
Using wave optics to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
a wide range of other uses, including data storage, microscopy, and interferometry. A hologram is a recording of an interference pattern that can reproduce
Holography
Mixing signals from many telescopes to produce images with high angular resolution
Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection of telescopes to produce images having the same
Aperture_synthesis
Brightest star in the constellation Aquila
(2006). "Resolving the Effects of Rotation in Altair with Long-Baseline Interferometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 636 (2): 1087–1097. arXiv:astro-ph/0509236
Altair
Three-dimensional shape of a protein
proteins and symmetrical complexes of protein subunits. Dual polarisation interferometry provides complementary information about surface captured proteins.
Protein_tertiary_structure
Imaging systems using changes in phase
imaging (GBI) includes Shearing interferometry or X-ray Talbot interferometry (XTI), and polychromatic far-field interferometry (PFI). Since the first X-ray
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Australian astronomer
astronomy, leading the development of aperture masking interferometry and astronomical optical interferometry. He is a professor of astrophysics at the School
Peter_Tuthill_(astronomer)
Wolf–Rayet star in the constellation Dorado
times fainter than the cluster and can only be resolved using speckle interferometry. In 1960, a group of astronomers working at the Radcliffe Observatory
R136a1
Atom-based system to determine relative location
instrument which measures relative position using the technique of atom interferometry. It includes an ensemble of accelerometers and gyroscope based on quantum
Quantum_compass
Austrian quantum physicist (born 1945)
Zeilinger's earliest work is perhaps his least known. His work on neutron interferometry has provided a foundation for his later research. As a member of the
Anton_Zeilinger
Shearography or Speckle pattern shearing interferometry is a measuring and testing method similar to holographic interferometry. It uses coherent light or coherent
Shearography
Austrian physicist (1939–2019)
(1979). Neutron Interferometry. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Rauch, H.; Badurek, G.; Zeilinger, Anton (1988). Matter Wave Interferometry. North Holland. Rauch
Helmut_Rauch
British physicist (1907–1973)
for the Exhibition of 1851. There, from 1932 to 1934 he researched interferometry under Prof. A. Fowler and began writing "Hyperfine Structure in Line
Samuel_Tolansky
Radio telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England
investigation into the size and nature of quasars drove the development of interferometry techniques in the 1950s; the Lovell telescope had an advantage because
Lovell_Telescope
Material testing procedure that makes a very small mark in a surface
indents with the nanoindenter tip. Utilizing optical fiber Fabry-Perôt interferometry, nanoindentation studies can be performed with unparalleled precision
Nanoindentation
Downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface
induced by aquifer overexploitation using advanced Differential SAR interferometry: Vega Media of the Segura river (SE Spain) case study. Remote Sensing
Subsidence
Astronomical observatory in Cheshire, England
wavelengths. Jodrell Bank has been involved with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) since the late 1960s; the Lovell telescope took part in the first
Jodrell_Bank_Observatory
Star in the constellation Orion
less luminous than a B2 giant. However, direct observations based on interferometry confirm that Bellatrix is not a binary of similar-brightness stars,
Bellatrix
Enclosed structure
analysis of buildings affected by mining subsidence based on Differential Interferometry (Part III)". Engineering Failure Analysis. 24: 67–76. doi:10.1016/j
Building
American physicist (1852–1931)
often referred to as "Michelson Stellar Interferometry". This was to distinguish it from speckle interferometry, but should not be confused with the Michelson
Albert_A._Michelson
ISO collection of international standards
Part 604: Nominal characteristics of non-contact (coherence scanning interferometry) instruments Part 605: Nominal characteristics of non-contact (point
ISO_25178
Glass tank of water demonstrating the basic properties of waves
In physics, a ripple tank is a shallow glass tank of water used to demonstrate the basic properties of waves. It is a specialized form of a wave tank.
Ripple_tank
activation analysis Fundamental research with neutrons: Ultracold neutrons, Interferometry Fast neutron therapy Neutron capture therapy Infrastructure Neutron
Neutron_backscattering
interferometer (white light) Double-slit interferometer Dual-polarization interferometry Fabry–Pérot interferometer Fizeau interferometer Fourier-transform interferometer
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Biological membrane structure
degree of order and disruption in bilayers using dual polarisation interferometry to understand mechanisms of protein interaction. Lipid bilayers are
Lipid_bilayer
Antimatter gravitation experiment
laser physics apparatus AEgIS AD-6 Antihydrogen experiment gravity interferometry spectroscopy GBAR AD-7 Gravitational behaviour of anti-hydrogen at rest
ALPHA_experiment
Global radio telescope array
telescopes. The EHT project combines data from several very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) stations around Earth, which form a combined array with an angular
Event_Horizon_Telescope
American astronomer (born 1968)
He is an expert in optical (visible and near-infrared) astronomical interferometry. Dr. van Belle is currently the President and Observatory Director at
Gerard_van_Belle
Observable quantity in imaging astronomical interferometry
an observable quantity in imaging astronomical interferometry, which allowed the use of interferometry with very long baselines. It forms the basis of
Closure_phase
Stanford University professor
of the dishes. Many fundamental papers on restoration (1954–1962), interferometry (1958–1974) and reconstruction (1956–1961) appeared along with instrumental
Ronald_N._Bracewell
Concept in human perception of sound
apparatus, although competing theories explain the results of holographic interferometry tests differently.[further explanation needed] Allan H. Frey was the
Microwave_auditory_effect
British astronomer
played a role in the development of interferometry in Radio Astronomy, and later astronomical optical interferometry and lucky imaging. He made the first
John_E._Baldwin
Radio astronomy observatory in New Mexico, US
relocated to a number of prepared positions, allowing aperture synthesis interferometry with up to 351 independent baselines: in essence, the array acts as
Very_Large_Array
NASA/ESA space telescope launched in 1990
launched, specialized ground-based techniques such as aperture masking interferometry had obtained higher-resolution optical and infrared images than Hubble
Hubble_Space_Telescope
Experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator
laser physics apparatus AEgIS AD-6 Antihydrogen experiment gravity interferometry spectroscopy GBAR AD-7 Gravitational behaviour of anti-hydrogen at rest
ASACUSA_experiment
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an emerging[when?] biomedical imaging technology which uses the properties of scattered light to
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry
Angle-resolved_low-coherence_interferometry
In interferometry, the zero spacing flux (ZSF) refers to the estimated integrated flux density within the field of view of an interferometer that would
Zero_spacing_flux
First planet from the Sun
not shed much further light on Mercury, but radio astronomers using interferometry at microwave wavelengths, a technique that enables removal of the solar
Mercury_(planet)
System of ten radio telescopes
forms the longest system in the world that uses very long baseline interferometry. The longest baseline available in this interferometer is about 8,611
Very_Long_Baseline_Array
Measuring technique
obtained using a technique called phase-unwrapping. See terrestrial SAR interferometry. Depth information may be partially or wholly inferred alongside intensity
Range_imaging
Obsolete physics theory
Emission theory, also called emitter theory or ballistic theory of light, was a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results
Emission_theory_(relativity)
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