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Complement regulatory proteins are proteins that interact with various components of the complement system. The complement system is tightly regulated
Complement regulatory proteins
Complement_regulatory_proteins
Part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells
membrane attack complex. About 50 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including plasma proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They
Complement_system
Mammalian protein found in humans
Membrane cofactor protein (MCP), CD46 complement regulatory protein also known as CD46 (cluster of differentiation 46) is a protein which in humans is
Membrane_cofactor_protein
Life-threatening immune-related blood disease
The complement system activation may be due to mutations in the complement regulatory proteins (factor H, factor I, or membrane cofactor protein (CD46))
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Atypical_hemolytic_uremic_syndrome
Protein found in humans
proteolytic component of the convertase, Bb, is removed by complement regulatory proteins having decay-accelerating factor (DAF) activity. Next, C3b is
Complement_component_3
Blood disease in which red blood cells are attacked by the immune system
(a blood clot) is caused by both the absence of GPI-anchored complement regulatory proteins (CD55 and CD59) on PNH platelets and the excessive consumption
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal_nocturnal_hemoglobinuria
Protein found in humans
PMID 26914463. Das N, Biswas B, Khera R (2013). "Membrane-Bound Complement Regulatory Proteins as Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets for SLE". Advances
Complement_receptor_1
Vision loss due to damage to the macula of the eye
Oppermann M, et al. (December 2010). "An imbalance of human complement regulatory proteins CFHR1, CFHR3 and factor H influences risk for age-related macular
Macular_degeneration
Biological term
and groups of viral proteins include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, and accessory proteins. Viruses are non-living
Viral_protein
Proteins present in blood serum
remainder of the plasma proteins (1%) are regulatory proteins, such as enzymes, proenzymes, and hormones. All blood proteins are synthesized in liver
Plasma_protein
Type of cascade reaction of the complement system
prevent complement activation from proceeding on the host cell, there are several different kinds of regulatory proteins that disrupt the complement activation
Alternative complement pathway
Alternative_complement_pathway
Disease of blood and kidneys after bacterial infection
genes for several complement regulatory proteins. Later, mutations in complement factor H, complement factor I, membrane cofactor protein, factor B, C3,
Hemolytic–uremic_syndrome
Membrane protein
Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins that are covalently attached to lipids embedded into biological membranes.
Lipid-anchored_protein
Mammalian protein found in humans
H, Okada N, Wainwright SD, Purcell DF, et al. (June 1992). "Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development:
CD59
Protein found in humans
of the complement system, acting as a multi-domain serine protease, which are a class of enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in other proteins. Deficiency
Complement_component_2
Medical condition
glomerulonephritis. Apparently immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding proteins bind C4BP. Complement regulatory proteins (FH and FHL-1), may be removed by SpeB, and therefore
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis
Acute_proliferative_glomerulonephritis
Medical condition
Complement deficiency is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins. Because of redundancies in
Complement_deficiency
Protein found in humans
regulators of complement activation (RCA) family. It functions as a complement control protein and plays a critical role in regulating the complement system
Factor_H
Protein involved in the immune system
Complement component 4 (C4), in humans, is a protein involved in the innate immune response. It is part of the narrower concept of the Complement system
Complement_component_4
Protein-coding gene in humans
analogy to other proteins that contain Sushi domains, it is believed that the gene product of CSMD1 functions as a Complement control protein. It is a potential
CSMD1
Cells found in human testes which help produce sperm
molecule on SCs and a member of the complement regulatory proteins (CRP), inhibits the last step of the complement cascade, the formation of the membrane
Sertoli_cell
Part of the innate immune system
regulators of complement activity (RCAs), a group of genetically-, structurally-, and functionally-related proteins, inactivate the complement component.
Complement_component_3b
Medical condition
deposits of C3 complement protein (with scant or absent Ig immunoglobulin deposits) due to mutations or inhibition of complement regulatory proteins causing
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Monoclonal_gammopathy_of_renal_significance
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Properdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFP (complement factor properdin) gene. Properdin and factor H are regulatory proteins in the alternative
Properdin
Family of enzymes
the regulatory subunits. PKA phosphorylates proteins that have the motif Arginine-Arginine-X-Serine exposed, in turn (de)activating the proteins. Many
Protein_kinase_A
Protein-coding gene in humans
complement factor H-related 1". Zipfel PF, Skerka C (1994). "Complement factor H and related proteins: an expanding family of complement-regulatory proteins
CFHR1
Large group of transport proteins
membrane attack complex (MAC) proteins of the complement system (C6, C7, C8α, C8β and C9) and perforin (PF). Members of this protein family are pore-forming
MACPF
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
functional or be the intermediate template for the synthesis of a protein. Genes and their regulatory sequences are mainly responsible for determining the physical
Gene
molecular biology, a protein-fragment complementation assay, or PCA, is a method for the identification and quantification of protein–protein interactions. In
Protein-fragment complementation assay
Protein-fragment_complementation_assay
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
to activate the complement system when MBL binds to its target (for example, mannose on the surface of a bacterium), the MASP protein functions to cleave
Mannan-binding_lectin
Mammalian protein found in humans
encoded by the SERPING1 gene. Its main function is the inhibition of the complement system (C1r, C1s) to prevent spontaneous activation but also as the major
SERPING1
achieved by modifying the porcine cell gene to synthesize human complement-regulatory proteins. Allotransplantation refers to tissue transplant between individuals
Tissue_transplantation
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions
Protein
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Complement factor H and related proteins: an expanding family of complement-regulatory proteins?". Immunol. Today. 15 (3): 121–6. doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90155-4
CFHR2
Type-1 transmembrane protein
N-terminus, an EGF-like domain and a complement-binding protein-like domains (same as complement regulatory proteins: CRP) having short consensus repeats
P-selectin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
anemia proteins, including FANCD2, are an emerging therapeutic target in cancer This gene encodes the Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2)
Fanconi anemia group D2 protein
Fanconi_anemia_group_D2_protein
Medical condition
component 3 (C3) is a protein involved in both the innate and adaptive immune response. C3 is one of over 30 complement proteins circulating in the blood
Complement_3_deficiency
Complement component 3a (C3a) is a proteins fragment formed by the cleavage of complement component 3. C3a is a 77 residue anaphylatoxin that binds to
Complement_component_3a
Protein-coding gene in humans
complement factor H-related 3". Zipfel PF, Skerka C (1994). "Complement factor H and related proteins: an expanding family of complement-regulatory proteins
CFHR3
Number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex
three levels of protein structure, not all proteins will have a quaternary structure since some proteins function as single units. Protein quaternary structure
Protein_quaternary_structure
Protein
(March 1980). "Biosynthesis of the complement components and the regulatory proteins of the alternative complement pathway by human peripheral blood monocytes"
Complement_factor_I
American physician-scientist
(2006). "The meningococcal vaccine candidate GNA1870 binds the complement regulatory protein factor H and enhances serum resistance". Journal of Immunology
Dan_M._Granoff
Type of stable macromolecular complex
polypeptide chain. Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure. Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein–protein interactions
Protein_complex
Gene known for its role in breast cancer
ligases, which catalyze protein ubiquitination. Ubiquitin is a small regulatory protein found in all tissues that directs proteins to compartments within
BRCA1
Set genes encoding proteins and enzymes for lactose metabolism
enzymes, and regulatory genes encoding proteins that affect gene expression. Current usage expands the phenotypic nomenclature to apply to proteins: thus, LacZ
Lac_operon
RNA family
the reverse-complement of the RNA would be consistently upstream of protein-coding genes, of which most encode helix-turn-helix proteins of the XRE-like
GntR-DTE_RNA_motif
Largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
ribosomal proteins. The genes encoding these r-proteins are transcribed by Pol II in the nucleoplasm by a "conventional" pathway of protein synthesis
Nucleolus
Protein-coding gene in humans
Complement factor H-related protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR5 gene. CFHR5 is structurally related to complement factor H which
CFHR5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
FANC proteins have been investigated. Amongst known FANC proteins, most evidence points for a direct interaction primarily between FANCA protein and BRCA1
Fanconi anemia group A protein
Fanconi_anemia_group_A_protein
Greek-American biochemist
understanding of the evolutionary biology of the complement system by discovering multiple isoforms of complement proteins in teleost fish. These findings highlight
John_Lambris
Pharmaceutical drug
enough blood cells). In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, proteins known as the "complement system", which is part of the immune system, become overactive
Ravulizumab
Protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light
Roger Tsien on fluorescent proteins Excitation and emission spectra for various fluorescent proteins Green Fluorescent Protein Chem Soc Rev themed issue
Green_fluorescent_protein
Physical interactions and constructions between multiple proteins
carrier proteins, scaffolding proteins, and transcriptional regulatory factors carry out their functions as homo-oligomers. Distinct protein subunits
Protein–protein_interaction
Overview of and topical guide to immunology
PRRs Complement system (see complement proteins section) Collectins Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) Surfactant protein A (SP-A) Surfactant protein D (SP-D)
Outline_of_immunology
Type of white blood cell
receptor alpha and beta (TCRα and TCRβ) genes. The other proteins in the complex are the CD3 proteins: CD3εγ and CD3εδ heterodimers and, most important, a
T_cell
Cellular process of protein synthesis
process in biological cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids determined
Translation_(biology)
Class of enzymes
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being
Protein_phosphatase
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by
Protease
Protein-coding gene in humans
et al. (1994). "Expression of the components and regulatory proteins of the classical pathway of complement in normal and diseased synovium". Rheumatol. Int
Complement_C1q_subunit_A
Immunity strategy in living beings
epithelial barrier, soluble plasma proteins called complement proteins become activated (proteins C1-C9). These complement proteins trigger a cascade of reactions
Innate_immune_system
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
sequential proteolytic activation of complement molecules, which are also proteases. After complement proteins initially bind to the microbe, they activate
Immune_system
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the
Cell_nucleus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
immune regulatory proteins. The encoded protein may be a negative regulator of T-cell responses. This protein is also a receptor for the complement component
V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4
V-set_and_immunoglobulin_domain_containing_4
Human protein-encoding gene
proteins. Tetraspanin proteins are involved in a multitude of biological processes such as adhesion, motility, membrane fusion, signaling and protein
CD9
Enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases
Protein_kinase
Family of conserved regulatory molecules
14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. 14-3-3 proteins have the ability to bind a
14-3-3_protein
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
Mediator (a complex usually consisting of about 26 proteins in an interacting structure) communicates regulatory signals from enhancer DNA-bound transcription
Transcription_(biology)
Breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Protein degradation is a major regulatory mechanism of gene expression
Proteolysis
RNA family
of the mRNA. sbi protein interferes with the host's innate immune response by binding Factor H, Complement component 3 and IgG. Protein A SprX Chabelskaya
SprD
Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside
G_protein-coupled_receptor
Self-stable region of a protein's chain that folds independently from the rest
three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains
Protein_domain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
interact with the complement regulatory protein, decay accelerating factor CD55, and indicating that these very closely related proteins likely have nonredundant
EMR2
proto-oncogene protein C-kit - proto-oncogene proteins c-abl - proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2 - Proto-oncogene proteins c-fos - proto-oncogene proteins c-jun
Index of biochemistry articles
Index_of_biochemistry_articles
Medication
a complement inhibitor which reversibly binds to factor D to prevent alternative pathway-mediated hemolysis and deposition of complement C3 proteins on
Danicopan
Myosin Binding Protein H (MYBPH)
of proteins built on two beta sheets. The MYBPH protein is less abundant than most other proteins in humans, as it falls under 1 ppm. The protein's highest
MYBPH
Tendency of material in contact with blood to produce a clot
artificial surface, plasma proteins quickly cover it, forming a protein coating within seconds. The shape these proteins take on the surface is more
Thrombogenicity
Cascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
homology domains of proteins such as the kinase protein AKT. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a family of integral transmembrane proteins that possess
Signal_transduction
Group of genes
The products of Hox genes are Hox proteins. Hox proteins are a subset of transcription factors, which are proteins that are capable of binding to specific
Hox_gene
Chemical compound
is a complement inhibitor that is injected subcutaneously (under the skin). Zilucoplan is a cyclic peptide that binds to the protein complement component
Zilucoplan
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
also based on the complement of cas genes that are present. Most CRISPR-Cas systems have a Cas1 protein. The phylogeny of Cas1 proteins generally agrees
CRISPR
Technique in molecular biology
to study gene function, expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms. These genes encode proteins that produce easily detectable signals, such as fluorescence
Reporter_gene
Protein family
Tryptophan-rich sensory proteins (TspO) are a family of proteins that are involved in transmembrane signalling. In either prokaryotes or mitochondria they
Tryptophan-rich sensory protein
Tryptophan-rich_sensory_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats, a C-type lectin domain and complement regulatory protein (CRP)-like domain. The C-terminal domain binds a variety of
Versican
Enzyme catalyzing transfer of phosphate groups onto specific substrates
dependent protein kinases have identical catalytic subunits but different regulatory subunits that bind cyclic AMP. Protein kinases act on proteins, by phosphorylating
Kinase
Protein embedded in inner membrane of nuclear envelope
Inner nuclear membrane proteins (INM proteins) are membrane proteins that are embedded in or associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope
Inner nuclear membrane protein
Inner_nuclear_membrane_protein
Biotechnology technique
and proteins (SICLOPPS) is a biotechnology technique that permits the creation of cyclic peptides. These peptides are produced by ribosomal protein synthesis
Split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins
Split-intein_circular_ligation_of_peptides_and_proteins
Type of immune cell
CD4+ cells are mature Th cells that express the surface protein CD4. Genetic variation in regulatory elements expressed by CD4+ cells determines susceptibility
T_helper_cell
Aspect of molecular biology
specific proteins with their roles within the cell. Coupling ribosome profiling with ChIP can elucidate how and when newly synthesized proteins are folded
Ribosome_profiling
High molecular weight plasma globulin
emphasized that complement system proteins first appeared in fish and are structurally and functionally identical to related human proteins. Waldenström
Macroglobulin
Form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II
promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors, and regulatory proteins known
RNA_polymerase_II_holoenzyme
repressilator is a genetic regulatory network consisting of at least one feedback loop with at least three genes, each expressing a protein that represses the
Repressilator
Large-scale study of proteins
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. Proteomics is
Proteomics
Protein found in humans
DNA repair protein XRCC4 (hXRCC4) also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC4 gene. XRCC4
DNA_repair_protein_XRCC4
Post-translational modification
as dedicated regulatory enzymes and more as part of a protein quality-control mechanism. Proteomic analysis revealed malonylated proteins were enriched
Lysine_malonylation
Protein found in humans
apoB group of proteins, consisting of 4563 amino acids, including a 27-amino acid signal peptide and a 4536-amino acid mature protein. Both isoforms
Apolipoprotein_B
Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
systems—consisting of preformed plasma proteins—act in parallel to initiate and propagate the inflammatory response. These include the complement system activated by bacteria
Inflammation
DNA screening technique
, and α-complementation via the use of a vector was demonstrated by the formation of blue plaques when cells containing the inactive protein were infected
Blue–white_screen
RNA family
in Porphyromonas. It is ambiguous whether DUF2693 RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements or whether they operate in trans. DUF2693 RNAs generally occur
DUF2693_RNA_motif
Type of white blood cell
complex). When a BCR binds an antigen tagged with a fragment of the C3 complement protein, CD21 binds the C3 fragment, co-ligates with the bound BCR, and signals
B_cell
Protein ranking for human nutrition
Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption. There are
Protein_quality
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COMPLEMENT REGULATORY-PROTEINS
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