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Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions
Protein
Physical interactions and constructions between multiple proteins
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical
Protein–protein_interaction
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first
Gene
Nutrient for the human body
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the constituents of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. As fuel, proteins
Protein_(nutrient)
Protein supplement
Whey protein is a mixture of proteins isolated from whey, the liquid material created as a by-product of cheese production. The proteins consist of α-lactalbumin
Whey_protein
Surface protein in bacteria cell walls
Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation
Protein_A
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
molecules of DNA or RNA that encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts; (ii) a protein coat, the capsid, which surrounds and protects the
Virus
Change of a linear protein chain to a 3D structure
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids, changes from an unstable random
Protein_folding
Food product and protein supplement derived from Pisum sativum
Pea protein is a food product and protein supplement derived and extracted from yellow and green split peas, Pisum sativum. It can be used as a dietary
Pea_protein
Buildup of metabolic waste due to kidney dysfunction
Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine. Protein toxicity has
Protein_toxicity
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
A prion (/ˈpriːɒn/ ) is a misfolded protein that induces folding problems in normal variants of the same protein, leading to cellular death. Prions are
Prion
Bioengineering process
Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides, often by altering
Protein_engineering
Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer-
Protein–protein interaction screening
Protein–protein_interaction_screening
Macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently
Protein_dimer
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as transporters, and peripheral proteins that attach to the
Cell_membrane
Proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending
Membrane_protein
Biochemical laboratory technique
Protein precipitation is widely used in downstream processing of biological products in order to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants
Protein_precipitation
Index of articles associated with the same name
binding protein Telomere-binding protein RNA-binding protein Poly(A)-binding protein Nuclear cap-binding protein complex CREB-binding protein Calcium-binding
Binding_protein
A protein supplement is a dietary supplement or a bodybuilding supplement, and usually comes in the form of a protein bar, protein powder, and even readily
Protein_supplement
Techniques used to study proteins
Protein methods are the techniques used to study proteins. There are experimental methods for studying proteins (e.g., for detecting proteins, for isolating
Protein_methods
Three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed
Protein_structure
Type of stable macromolecular complex
polypeptide chain. Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure. Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein–protein interactions
Protein_complex
Process of formation of blood clots
activated protein C (APC). Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein thrombomodulin
Coagulation
Molecule that carries genetic information
many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are
DNA
Solution of component parts of a protein
Hydrolyzed protein is a solution derived from the hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acids and/or peptides. Hydrolyzing down to the amino
Hydrolyzed_protein
Glycoprotein spike on a viral capsid or viral envelope
In virology, a spike protein or peplomer protein is a protein that forms a large structure known as a spike or peplomer projecting from the surface of
Spike_protein
Nanoparticle technology
A protein corona is a dynamic coating of biomolecules, usually proteins, around the surface of a nanoparticle that forms spontaneously in colloidal nanomaterials
Protein_corona
Assembly of proteins inside biological cells
Protein biosynthesis, or protein synthesis, is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation
Protein_biosynthesis
Lattice proteins are highly simplified models of protein-like heteropolymer chains on lattice conformational space which are used to investigate protein folding
Lattice_protein
Protein ranking for human nutrition
Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption. There are
Protein_quality
Protein created by joining other proteins into a single polypeptide
Fusion proteins or chimeric proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that
Fusion_protein
Proteins performing more than one function
Protein moonlighting is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. It is an example of gene sharing. Ancestral moonlighting proteins
Protein_moonlighting
Soy-based food used as a protein source
amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per gram of edible protein of any food (1.6 kg CO2/ 100 g protein). The English word "tofu" comes from Japanese tōfu (豆腐)
Tofu
Accumulation of clumps of misfolded or disordered proteins
In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or misfolded proteins aggregate (clump together) and accumulate
Protein_aggregation
Mammalian protein found in humans
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentration rises in response to inflammation
C-reactive_protein
Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body
"value" of various kinds of protein. Measures include the biological value, net protein utilization, protein efficiency ratio, protein digestibility corrected
Essential_amino_acid
Protein family
SNARE proteins (soluble NSF attachment protein receptors) are a large protein family consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts and more than 60 members
SNARE_protein
Artificial intelligence program by DeepMind
developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. It is designed using deep learning techniques. AlphaFold 1 (2018)
AlphaFold
Spherical, water-soluble type of protein
In biochemistry, globular proteins or spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types (the others being fibrous
Globular_protein
Outermost layer of many types of the infectious agent
host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from
Viral_envelope
Dietary theory for protein nutrition
Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake.
Protein_combining
Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is a complex of activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI). It has been measured in coagulation
Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor
Activated_protein_C–protein_C_inhibitor
Sequencing of amino acid arrangement in a protein
Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the
Protein_sequencing
Defatted soy flour food product
Textured or texturized vegetable protein (TVP), also known as textured soy protein (TSP), soy meat, or soya chunks, is a defatted soy flour product, a
Textured_vegetable_protein
Topics referred to by the same term
protein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Protein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Protein may also refer to: Protein (nutrient) Protein
Protein_(disambiguation)
Class of enzymes
A protein deacetylase is any enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in proteins. That is, it performs deacetylation. The main ones are
Protein_deacetylase
Group of six protein isoforms produced from the MAPT gene
The tau proteins (abbreviated from tubulin associated unit) form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the
Tau_protein
Type of proteins
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved
G_protein
Vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver
complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 gene. Protein S plays a role in coagulation. Protein S is named
Protein_S
Class of enzymes
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being
Protein_phosphatase
Protein isolated from soybean
Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans
Soy_protein
Family of proteins
Retinylidene proteins, or rhodopsins in a broad sense, are proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light reception. They are the molecular basis
Retinylidene_protein
Molecular biology techniques
to investigate protein–protein interactions which are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules. This
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions
Methods_to_investigate_protein–protein_interactions
Proteins assisting in protein folding
molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the conformational folding or unfolding of proteins or macromolecular protein complexes. There are a number
Chaperone_(protein)
Type of snack bar high in protein
Protein bars are convenience food that contain a high proportion of protein relative to carbohydrates and fats. Despite the label focusing on protein
Protein_bar
Legume grown for its edible bean
cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients
Soybean
Family of enzymes
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA
Protein_kinase_A
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
different species of Drosophila suggested that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated
Mutation
Protein spanning across a biological membrane
transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways
Transmembrane_protein
Substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule
'to bind'. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically
Ligand_(biochemistry)
Biochemical method
the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest
Protein_purification
Prediction by observation and computation
of proteins. Understanding protein–protein interactions is important for the investigation of intracellular signaling pathways, modelling of protein complex
Protein–protein interaction prediction
Protein–protein_interaction_prediction
Large-scale study of proteins
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. Proteomics is
Proteomics
Concept in strength training
The metabolic window (also called the anabolic window or protein window) is a term used in strength training to describe the 2 hour (may depend on the
Metabolic_window
Protein source containing all nine essential amino acids
A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary
Complete_protein
Family of viruses
sequence at 3' end. Proteins: consisting of gag proteins, protease (PR), pol proteins, and env proteins. Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components
Retrovirus
Largest known protein in human muscles
Titin (/ˈtaɪtɪn/; also called connectin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene. The protein, which is over 1 μm in length, functions as
Titin
A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes
Secretory_protein
Long chain of protein monomers
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together
Protein_filament
Self-stable region of a protein's chain that folds independently from the rest
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest
Protein_domain
Protein A/G is a recombinant fusion protein that combines IgG binding domains of both protein A and protein G. Protein A/G contains four Fc binding domains
Protein_A/G
Device for tracking proteins
A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function
Protein_microarray
Enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases
Protein_kinase
Biological mechanism for routing proteins
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside
Protein_targeting
producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones
Proteins produced and secreted by the liver
Proteins_produced_and_secreted_by_the_liver
Subfamily of viruses in the family Coronaviridae
trimer of the S protein. The S protein is in turn composed of an S1 and S2 subunit. The homotrimeric S protein is a class I fusion protein which mediates
Coronavirus
Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a regular array of individual protein molecules stabilized by crystal contacts. If the crystal is
Protein_crystallization
Biological process
in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. Numerous proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and
DNA_replication
Form of programmed cell death
inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins. These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate
Apoptosis
Family of proteins
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to a stressor. They were first described in relation to the
Heat_shock_protein
Class of peptides which help cells survive freezing conditions
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit
Antifreeze_protein
Mammalian protein found in humans
rapamycin is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and
MTOR
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
more unique proteins than the number of protein-coding genes. The human reference genome contains somewhere between 19,000 and 20,000 protein-coding genes
Human_genome
Topics referred to by the same term
protein may refer to: M protein (Streptococcus), a virulence factor of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes Viral matrix protein, structural protein linking
M_protein
Protein that moves other materials within an organism
transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion
Transport_protein
Methuselah-like 5 is a protein that in Drosophila is encoded by the Mthl5 (also known as Gia) gene. Methuselah-like 5 is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
Gia_(protein)
Protein Nanoparticle
Protein nanotechnology is a field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins with nanoscale technology. This field
Protein_nanoparticles
Food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat
also /-tɑːn/ -tahn; Japanese: セイタン) is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat. It is also known as miànjīn (Chinese: 麵筋), fu (Japanese: 麩),
Seitan
Index of articles associated with the same name
Interacting Protein (HIP) may refer to: HIP1 (Huntingtin-interacting protein 1) HIP1R (Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 related protein) HIP2 (Huntingtin-interacting
Huntingtin Interacting Protein
Huntingtin_Interacting_Protein
Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors
G_protein-coupled_receptor
Type of diet
A protein-sparing modified fast or PSMF diet is a type of a very-low-calorie diet (<800 kcal per day) with a high proportion of protein calories and simultaneous
Protein-sparing modified fast (diet)
Protein-sparing_modified_fast_(diet)
Number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex
Protein quaternary structure is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure. Protein quaternary structure refers to the structure
Protein_quaternary_structure
Degenerative neurological disorder
by a prion, an infectious, abnormally folded variant of a protein called the prion protein. About 85% of cases of CJD occur for unknown reasons ('sporadic
Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Rational design of new protein molecules
Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein
Protein_design
British functional food company
Protein Works, previously known as The Protein Works is a British functional food brand that makes protein shakes, meal replacements, complete meals, snacks
The_Protein_Works
Proteins present in blood serum
Plasma proteins, sometimes referred to as blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma. They perform many different functions, including transport
Plasma_protein
Scholastic society for the study of proteins
The Protein Society is an international, not-for-profit, scholarly society with the mission to provide forums for the advancement of research into protein
Protein_Society
Adverse immune reaction to cow's milk
Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest, with symptoms including
Milk_allergy
Method to determine protein concentration
The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976. It is a quick and accurate spectroscopic
Bradford_protein_assay
Protein in humans
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene. LBP is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein
Lipopolysaccharide_binding_protein
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Royal; Kingly; The Great
Male
Hindi/Indian
(पà¥à¤°à¤•à¤¾à¤¶) Hindi name PRAKASH means "light."
Girl/Female
Latin
Firm.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vasu Lakshmi | வஸà¯à®²à®•à¯à®·à¯à®®à¯€
Goddess of wealth
Male
Hebrew
(ש×ְלוּמִי×ֵל) Hebrew name SHELUMIYEL means "friend of God." In the bible, this is the name of a prince of the tribe of Simeon.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Power of discrimination
Girl/Female
Hungarian
Reaper.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Roof Thatcher
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Hebrew Shimown, SIMÓN means "hearkening."
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Full of Life
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
n.
One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells; -- called also protein crystal.
n.
An albuminoid substance which occurs in minute grains ("protein granules") in maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of protoplasm.
a.
Proteinaceuos.
n.
A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
n.
A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name.
a.
Of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.