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A cellular microarray (or cell microarray) is a laboratory tool that allows for the multiplex interrogation of living cells on the surface of a solid
Cellular_microarray
PMHC cellular microarrays are a type of cellular microarray that has been spotted with pMHC complexes peptide-MHC class I or peptide-MHC class II. These
PMHC_cellular_microarray
Form of protein microarray
An antibody microarray (also known as antibody array) is a specific form of protein microarray. In this technology, a collection of captured antibodies
Antibody_microarray
Small-scale two-dimensional array of samples on a solid support
interactions Tissue microarrays Cellular microarrays (also called transfection microarrays) Chemical compound microarrays Antibody microarrays Glycan arrays
Microarray
A peptide microarray (also commonly known as peptide chip or peptide epitope microarray) is a collection of peptides displayed on a solid surface, usually
Peptide_microarray
Technology for phenotyping of cells
or proteins all a once, phenotype microarrays (PMs) make it possible to quantitatively measure thousands of cellular phenotypes simultaneously. The approach
Phenotype_microarray
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
sequencing of peptides (most often after in-gel digestion), protein microarrays, which allow the detection of the relative levels of the various proteins
Protein
Substrates performing biochemical reactions
differentiated. Microarrays are not limited to DNA analysis; protein microarrays, antibody microarray, chemical compound microarray can also be produced
Biochip
Set of all RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells
DNA microarrays and RNA-Seq. Both techniques require RNA isolation through RNA extraction techniques, followed by its separation from other cellular components
Transcriptome
release. Biochip Protein Microarrays Antibody microarray Cellular Microarray Chemical Compound Microarray DNA Microarray MicroArray and Gene Expression Lab-on-a-Chip
MAGIChip
A reverse phase protein lysate microarray (RPMA) is a protein microarray designed as a dot-blot platform that allows measurement of protein expression
Reverse phase protein lysate microarray
Reverse_phase_protein_lysate_microarray
American biochemist (born 1946)
method for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and methods for analyzing microarray data. Chu received the Clinical Scientist Award for Translational Research
Gilbert_Chu
Parallel computing paradigm
In computer science and machine learning, Cellular Neural Networks (CNN) or Cellular Nonlinear Networks (CNN) are a parallel computing paradigm similar
Cellular_neural_network
DNA reverse transcribed from RNA
profiles in bulk tissue, single cells, or single nuclei in assays such as microarrays, qPCR, and RNA-seq. In natural forms, cDNA is produced by retroviruses
Complementary_DNA
This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
Study of RNA transcripts
biological sciences. There are two key contemporary techniques in the field: microarrays, which quantify a set of predetermined sequences, and RNA-Seq, which
Transcriptomics_technologies
Branch of biology that studies biological systems at the molecular level
membrane are probed for modifications using specific substrates. A DNA microarray is a collection of spots attached to a solid support such as a microscope
Molecular_biology
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
metabolism are the conversion of energy in food into a usable form for cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks of macromolecules
Metabolism
Detection of mRNA molecules
technologies can be used to generate the necessary data to analyse. DNA microarrays measure the relative activity of previously identified target genes.
Gene_expression_profiling
Computational analysis of large, complex sets of biological data
used to determine the genes implicated in a disorder: one might compare microarray data from cancerous epithelial cells to data from non-cancerous cells
Bioinformatics
Events leading to cell division
separate into two new daughter cells. To ensure the proper replication of cellular components and division, cell cycle checkpoints follow each of the key
Cell_cycle
Protein-coding gene in humans
progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic keratinocytes". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 230 (4): 806–12. doi:10
SLC38A10
Technique used to map epigenetic methylations in cancer DNA
Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray, also known as MSO microarray, was developed as a technique to map epigenetic methylation changes in DNA
Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray
Methylation_specific_oligonucleotide_microarray
Class of short biopolymers
DNA microarrays are a useful analytical application of oligonucleotides. Compared to standard cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide based microarrays have
Oligonucleotide
Uncharacterized human protein
seen in the adult developmental stage. C11orf42 was observed in a RNA microarray that looked at different levels of intercranial aneurysms in order to
C11orf42
This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Cascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
signaling pathways interact with one another they form networks, which allow cellular responses to be coordinated, often by combinatorial signaling events. At
Signal_transduction
Method to evaluate biological samples
the human genome, with these fragments being used as probes on the DNA microarray. Now probes of various origins such as cDNA, genomic PCR products and
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative_genomic_hybridization
Genomic study of immune system regulation and pathogen response
cDNA microarrays to define gene expression of immune cells. Their analysis probed gene expression of human B and T lymphocytes during cellular activation
Immunomics
standards are available for a vast variety of experiment types including microarray (MIAME), RNAseq (MINSEQE), metabolomics (MSI) and proteomics (MIAPE).
Minimum_information_standard
Collection of techniques used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome
The detection of the marker might use real time PCR, direct sequencing, microarray chips—prefabricated chips that test many markers at once, or MALDI-TOF
Molecular_diagnostics
Microtechnology
Shu; Bhatia, Sangeeta N (2005). "An extracellular matrix microarray for probing cellular differentiation" (PDF). Nature Methods. 2 (2): 119–125. doi:10
Bio-MEMS
RNA family
identified in E. coli using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray). The function of this ncRNA is unknown. C0299 RNA C0343 RNA C0719 RNA
C0465_RNA
American biochemist and immunologist
Director of the UCI Vaccine Research & Development Center and the Protein Microarray Laboratory and Training Facility. Felgner's work on cationic lipid-based
Philip_Felgner
Set of computational techniques
Cellular deconvolution (also referred to as cell type composition or cell proportion estimation) refers to computational techniques aiming at estimating
Cellular_deconvolution
DNA technology
protein microarrays by performing in vitro synthesis of the target proteins from their DNA templates. This method of synthesizing protein microarrays overcomes
Cell-free_protein_array
Group of anti-nuclear antibodies
simultaneously. If anti-dsDNA antibodies are present, incubation of serum and the microarray allow for binding and the dots can then be visualised using a fluorescent
Anti-dsDNA_antibodies
American physician and academic (1950–2025)
Schrijver, Iris; Oitmaa, Eneli; Gardner, Phyllis (2005), "Genotyping Microarray for the Detection of More Than 200 CFTR Mutations in Ethnically Diverse
Phyllis Gardner (clinical pharmacologist)
Phyllis_Gardner_(clinical_pharmacologist)
Medical condition
neurothekeoma and nerve sheath myxoma interchangeably. In 2011, Sheth et al. used microarray analysis to distinguish between neurothekeoma and nerve sheath myxoma
Neurothekeoma
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
Type of material used in medicine Laser capture microdissection Tissue microarray – Tissue arrangement technique Tissue stress Jones, Roger (June 2012)
Tissue_(biology)
the Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research at the University of Toronto. He received his
Warren_Chan
Large-scale study of proteins
micro array technology, to produce reverse-phase protein microarrays. In this type of microarrays, the whole collection of protein themselves are immobilized
Proteomics
Sub-discipline of biology
numbers per cell. A drawback that separates it from microarray analysis is its limited scope: a microarray can handle parallel analysis of multiple genes while
Degradomics
Cell imaging
high-content, high-throughput imaging technique used to capture a wide array of cellular phenotypes in response to diverse perturbations. These phenotypes, often
Cell_painting
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Steingrimsson E (Dec 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j
DAPK1
Cancer originating in connective tissue
O'Connell JX, Gilks CB, Sorensen PH, Linn S, et al. (October 2003). "Tissue microarray validation of Epidermal growth factor receptor and SALL2 in synovial sarcoma
Sarcoma
Series of chemical reactions resulting in a cell response
can be used for the analysis of microarray expression data and the analysis of each GO biological process (P), cellular component (C), and molecular function
Biochemical_cascade
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
division, and affect the regulation of gene expression. Such effects on cellular and physiological traits may result from environmental factors, or be part
Epigenetics
Overview of and topical guide to biochemistry
Molecular cloning Northern blotting Southern blotting Fusion proteins DNA microarray Bioinformatics Flow cytometry Western blotting Chromatography ELISA SDS-PAGE
Outline_of_biochemistry
Molecular biology method
technology that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation ('ChIP') with DNA microarray ("chip"). Like regular ChIP, ChIP-on-chip is used to investigate interactions
ChIP-on-chip
Molecular biology technique
isolated mRNA) in a sample. With northern blotting it is possible to observe cellular control over structure and function by determining the particular gene
Northern_blot
Test for early stage breast cancer
and uses formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) or fresh tissue for microarray analysis. It is a laboratory developed test (LDT) which falls into the
MammaPrint
Chemical warfare agent
patients 25 years after wartime exposure to chemical weaponry, c-DNA microarray profiling indicated that 122 genes were significantly mutated in the lungs
Mustard_gas
Field of molecular biology
prior knowledge of what transcripts to study (as microarrays do). RNA sequencing has taken over microarray and SAGE technology in recent years, as noted
Functional_genomics
restriction enzyme – sequencing – shotgun sequencing – cloning – culture – DNA microarray – electrophoresis – protein tag – affinity chromatography – x-ray diffraction
Outline_of_biology
Data analysis framework
expression, SNP, ChIP-on-chip, comparative genomic hybridization and exon microarray analysis as well as cytometry and cell imaging analysis. A workflow is
Anduril_(workflow_engine)
Database of biological information
information from research areas including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microarray gene expression, and phylogenetics. Information contained in biological
Biological_database
Polyatomic ion (S2O3, charge –2)
on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Stylianou, I. M. (2005). "Microarray gene expression analysis of the Fob3b obesity QTL identifies positional
Thiosulfate
American biochemist
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At Stanford, Schena pioneered a new field of science (microarray technology) as the first author on the Stanford team publication in the
Mark_Schena
Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
biological functions. While expression levels can be regulated in response to cellular needs and environmental changes, some genes are expressed continuously
Gene_expression
Utilizing polymers to examine small biological samples
using a polymer system. The premise is to introduce a polymer network into cellular or tissue samples, and then physically expand that polymer network using
Expansion_microscopy
RNA family
"Identification of novel small RNAs using comparative genomics and microarrays". Genes & Development. 15 (13): 1637–51. doi:10.1101/gad.901001. PMC 312727
RydB_RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sumiyoshi K, Oosumi K, Tabunoki H (February 2009). "Protein microarray analysis identifies human cellular prion protein interactors". Neuropathology and Applied
ZNF408
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMC 3530469. PMID 23300749. Glinsky GV, Berezovska O, Glinskii AB (June 2005). "Microarray analysis identifies a death-from-cancer signature predicting therapy failure
USP22
strains, which are transformed/mated to generate haploid double mutants. Microarray profiling is then used to compare the fitness of these single and double
Epistasis and functional genomics
Epistasis_and_functional_genomics
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Inhibitory effect of c-Myc on p53-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Microarray analysis reveals defective induction of p53 target genes and upregulation
PMAIP1
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Method
the development of DNA microarrays enabled the examination of thousands of transcripts at once. Initial studies using microarrays focused on determining
Drop-Seq
Biological process of gene regulation
second genomics wave, following the first genomics wave of gene expression microarray and single nucleotide polymorphism discovery platforms. One major advantage
RNA_interference
Quiescent stage of the cell cycle in which the cell does not divide
The G0 phase describes a cellular state outside of the replicative cell cycle. Classically[when?], cells were thought to enter G0 primarily due to environmental
G0_phase
Type of spinal cancer
Chordoma is a rare slow-growing neoplasm (cancer) that arises from cellular remnants of the notochord in the bones of the skull base and spine. The evidence
Chordoma
Family of transcription factors
in mammalian and plant cell cycle (see KEGG cell cycle pathway). DNA microarray analysis reveals unique sets of target promoters among E2F family members
E2F
Biological cell regulation mechanisms
but it is still the most commonly analysed (quantitative PCR and DNA microarray).[citation needed] When studying gene expression, there are several methods
Regulation_of_gene_expression
Technology for screening small molecule compounds
using a fluorescent primer and hybridized onto the DNA-microarray slide. Afterwards, microarrays are analyzed using a laser scan and spot intensities detected
DNA-encoded_chemical_library
and generated gene expression profiles with Affymetrix microarray chips, where each microarray was customized to each individual's brain area. Their hypothesis
Deficiency of RbAp48 protein and memory loss
Deficiency_of_RbAp48_protein_and_memory_loss
Infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus
reported in Culex bitaeniorhynchus in South Korea. Recently, whole genome microarray research of neurons infected with the Japanese encephalitis virus has
Japanese_encephalitis
Loose connective tissue composed mostly by adipocytes
as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. DNA microarray is a bioinformatics tool used to quantify expression levels of various
Adipose_tissue
RNA family
identified in E. coli using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray.) As of June 2026, the function of this ncRNA is unknown. C0299 RNA C0343
C0719_RNA
Cell signaling pathway
pathophysiology of Noonan syndrome, a polymalformative disease. Protein microarray analysis can be used to detect subtle changes in protein activity in signaling
MAPK/ERK_pathway
Species of fungus
et al. (March 2010). "Serological profiling of a Candida albicans protein microarray reveals permanent host-pathogen interplay and stage-specific responses
Candida_albicans
Process by which a gene can code for multiple proteins
then be analyzed. In microarray analysis, arrays of DNA fragments representing individual exons (e.g. Affymetrix exon microarray) or exon/exon boundaries
Alternative_splicing
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
using Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) particles to amplify signals in DNA microarray-based sensors. In this application, the virus particles separate the fluorescent
Virus
Malaysian government initiative
bacteria, drug resistances as well as changes in gene expression (using the microarray approach). Expect to show some effects of bacterial growth using a pre-determined
Angkasawan_program
Field of science that uses cells for the creation of products
agricultural biotechnology contribute to global food security?". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 41 (4): 424–430. Bibcode:2005IVCDB..41
Biotechnology
Vertebrate receptor protein and transcription factor
changes in gene expression lead to adverse changes in cellular processes and function. Microarray analysis has proved most beneficial in understanding
Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor
RNA family
regulation from the 3' UTR. An RNA transcript overlapping was detected by microarray experiments that overlaps a predicted L17 downstream element RNA. The
L17DE_RNA_motif
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
high throughput fashion from genomic DNA samples. In particular, DNA microarray technology can simultaneously monitor the expression levels of thousands
Gene_duplication
Rare genetic disorder
syndrome is suspected, genetic testing typically includes chromosomal microarray analysis using SNP array or oligonucleotide—able to detect 1q42 microdeletions
Skraban–Deardorff_syndrome
Family of proteins that form microfilaments
essential for the cellular functions of mobility and the contraction of cells during cell division. Actin participates in many important cellular processes,
Actin
Examines sequence information from individual cells
in scATAC-Seq are based on split-pool cellular indexing and microfluidics. Standard methods such as microarrays and bulk RNA-seq analyze the RNA expression
Single-cell_sequencing
Glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord
sensome can be analyzed with a variety of methods including qPCR, RNA-seq, microarray analysis, and direct RNA sequencing. Genes included in the sensome code
Microglia
Non-coding RNA in E. coli
"Identification of novel small RNAs using comparative genomics and microarrays". Genes & Development. 15 (13): 1637–1651. doi:10.1101/gad.901001. PMC 312727
SraC/RyeA_RNA
Protein-tyrosine kinase family of enzymes
c-Src tyrosine kinase substrates using mass spectrometry and peptide microarrays". Journal of Proteome Research. 7 (9): 3900–10. doi:10.1021/pr800198w
Src_family_kinase
Bacterial non-coding RNA
identified in E. coli using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray). The function of this ncRNA is unknown. FnrS RNA was later found to be
C0343_RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regulator of mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase that regulates a variety of cellular functions such as growth, proliferation and autophagy. In particular, upregulation
DDIT4
Computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems
"PathVar: analysis of gene and protein expression variance in cellular pathways using microarray data". Bioinformatics. 28 (3): 446–447. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr656
Systems_biology
Tumors of the nervous or endocrine system within the pancreas
Lemoine NR (2009). "Genome-wide analysis of pancreatic cancer using microarray-based techniques". Pancreatology. 9 (1–2): 13–24. doi:10.1159/000178871
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Pancreatic_neuroendocrine_tumor
Application of systems biology approaches to cancer research
interventions, and (d) the role of the tumor microenvironment, at the physical, cellular, and molecular levels. Cancer systems biology therefore adopts a holistic
Cancer_systems_biology
Nuclear protein inhibiting DNA replication
have been elucidated for geminin including roles in metazoan cell cycle, cellular proliferation, cell lineage commitment, and neural differentiation. One
Geminin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Genome-wide survey of human alternative pre-mRNA splicing with exon junction microarrays". Science. 302 (5653): 2141–4. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.2141J. doi:10.1126/science
SPATA31H1
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
(2003). Statistical Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Data. Wiley-Blackwell. Terry Speed (2003). Microarray Gene Expression Data Analysis: A Beginner's
Biostatistics
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