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Set of chemical reactions in organisms
Metabolism (/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/, from Greek μεταβολή (metabolē) 'change') refers to the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur within living organisms
Metabolism
Topics referred to by the same term
Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. Metabolism may also refer to: Basal metabolic rate, calories burned at rest Drug
Metabolism_(disambiguation)
Biological synthesis and degradation of lipids
Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural
Lipid_metabolism
Non-essential metabolic pathways and compounds
biochemistry, secondary metabolism (also called specialized metabolism) is a term for pathways and small molecule products of metabolism that are involved in
Secondary_metabolism
1960s–1980s Japanese architectural movement
Metabolism (Japanese: メタボリズム, Hepburn: metaborizumu; also shinchintaisha (新陳代謝)) was a post-war Japanese biomimetic architectural movement that fused ideas
Metabolism_(architecture)
Biochemical pathways used by microbes to satisfy energy needs
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different
Microbial_metabolism
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose. Aerobic metabolism is up to 15 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields 2 molecules of ATP per 1 molecule
Cellular_respiration
Coenzyme
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide
Material and energy turnover of human society
Anthropogenic metabolism, also referred to as metabolism of the anthroposphere, is a term used in industrial ecology, material flow analysis, and waste
Anthropogenic_metabolism
Stream metabolism, often referred to as aquatic ecosystem metabolism in both freshwater (lakes, rivers, wetlands, streams, reservoirs) and marine ecosystems
Stream_metabolism
Metabolic process
Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions
Crassulacean_acid_metabolism
Biochemical modification of drugs or foreign compounds by living organisms
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by humans and animals, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. Drug metabolism represents a
Drug_metabolism
Class of genetic diseases
Inborn errors of metabolism form a large class of genetic diseases involving congenital disorders of enzyme activities. The majority are due to defects
Inborn_errors_of_metabolism
Cellular phenomena
Overflow metabolism refers to the seemingly wasteful strategy in which cells incompletely oxidize their growth substrate (e.g. glucose) instead of using
Overflow_metabolism
Sleep is important in regulating metabolism. Mammalian sleep can be sub-divided into two distinct phases - REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM (NREM)
Sleep_and_metabolism
Psychological theory of interaction between biological organisms and their environment
Information metabolism, sometimes referred to as informational metabolism or energetic-informational metabolism, is a psychological theory of interaction
Information_metabolism
Wellness device
The Lumen metabolism tracker is a product for measuring metabolism, developed and marketed by MetaFlow Ltd., which operates under the trade name Lumen
Lumen_metabolism_tracker
Rate of turnover of molecules in a metabolic pathway
their metabolism. These changes are observed with regards to glucose metabolism. The changes in metabolism occur because the rate of metabolism controls
Flux_(metabolism)
Phenomenon of drug metabolism
effect (FPE), also known as first-pass metabolism (FPM) or presystemic metabolism, is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which
First_pass_effect
Biochemical process in living organisms
Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates
Carbohydrate_metabolism
The biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids involves a number of enzymes. In plants, all phenylpropanoids are derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine
Phenylpropanoids_metabolism
Study of materials and energy flows between nature and society
Social metabolism or socioeconomic metabolism is the set of flows of materials and energy that occur between nature and society, between different societies
Social_metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism describes a variety of reactions involving glyoxylate or dicarboxylates. Glyoxylate is the conjugate base of glyoxylic
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Glyoxylate_and_dicarboxylate_metabolism
flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway during D-xylose metabolism have revealed that limiting the rate of this step may be beneficial to
Xylose_metabolism
Vertebrate organ involved in metabolism
lower right rib cage. Its other metabolic roles include carbohydrate metabolism, the production of a number of hormones, conversion and storage of nutrients
Liver
Concept describing the material and energy turnover of industrial systems
Industrial metabolism is a concept to describe the material and energy turnover of industrial systems. It was proposed by Robert Ayres in analogy to the
Industrial_metabolism
Metabolism in ecosystems
Ecosystem metabolism is a term that characterizes a specific biome or compartment of the ecosystem by measuring the net metabolic production of all the
Ecosystem_metabolism
Non-essential metabolic compounds and processes within plants
metabolism is connected to primary metabolism by using building blocks and biosynthetic enzymes derived from primary metabolism. Primary metabolism governs
Plant_secondary_metabolism
Academic journal
Cell Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering physiology, with an emphasis on understanding the molecular basis of how the body
Cell_Metabolism
Chemical reactions which turn into modern metabolism
A proto-metabolism is a network of linked chemical reactions in a prebiotic environment that resembled modern metabolic pathways but was primarily controlled
Proto-metabolism
Metabolism of xenobiotics
Xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical
Xenobiotic_metabolism
Iron metabolism in the body
Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level. Iron is both necessary
Human_iron_metabolism
Academic journal
Nature Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 2019. The editor-in-chief is Christoph
Nature_Metabolism
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ethanol
rate of metabolism. People under 25 and women may process alcohol more slowly. Food such as fructose can increase the rate of alcohol metabolism. The effect
Pharmacology_of_ethanol
Chemical element with atomic number 29 (Cu)
essential to all aerobic organisms. It is particularly associated with oxygen metabolism. For example, it is found in the respiratory enzyme complex cytochrome
Copper
Set of chemical reactions involving sulfur in living organisms
sulfide to hydropersulfides, polysulfanes, and polysulfides. Microbial metabolism Sulfur cycle Loka Bharathi, P. A. (2008-01-01), "Sulfur Cycle", in Fath
Sulfur_metabolism
ASU Campus Metabolism (Campus Metabolism) is a website managed by Arizona State University, demonstrating Energy monitoring and targeting through use
ASU_Campus_Metabolism
Balance between production and consumption of organic matter in lakes
Lake metabolism represents a lake's balance between carbon fixation (gross primary production) and biological carbon oxidation (ecosystem respiration)
Lake_metabolism
Organ central to the nervous system
vertebrates have a blood–brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in other parts of the body. The neurovascular
Brain
Academic journal
Molecular Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access journal publishing research articles, reviews and commentaries in the biomedical area, focusing
Molecular_Metabolism
Model of the flows of materials and energy in cities
Urban metabolism (UM) is a model to facilitate the description and analysis of the flows of the materials and energy within cities, such as undertaken
Urban_metabolism
Movement and regulation of calcium ions and body fluids in and out of the body
Calcium metabolism is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in (via the gut) and out (via the gut and kidneys) of the body, and between body
Calcium_metabolism
Biological process
theorized capture and metabolism, by living organisms, of energy from ionizing radiation, analogously to photosynthesis. Metabolism of ionizing radiation
Radiosynthesis_(metabolism)
Academic journal
Drug Metabolism and Disposition is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the fields of pharmacology and toxicology. It was established in 1973 and
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Drug_Metabolism_and_Disposition
Amino acid
brain tissue of deceased people with schizophrenia shows altered arginine metabolism. Assays also confirmed significantly reduced levels of γ-aminobutyric
Arginine
Type of enzyme
corticosteroid synthesis and metabolism 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1–15) – androgen, estrogen, and progestogen synthesis and metabolism 20α-Hydroxysteroid
Steroidogenic_enzyme
Rate of energy expenditure by an endotherm at rest
that has led to problems in defining "standard" rates of metabolism for many mammals. Metabolism comprises the processes that the body needs to function
Basal_metabolic_rate
Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms
facilitating their excretion or further metabolism. The conjugation process is illustrated by the metabolism of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)
Glutathione
Set of biological pathways
effectors that enhance the enzyme's activity. Modulating the pyrimidine metabolism pharmacologically has therapeutical uses, and could implement in cancer
Pyrimidine_metabolism
Class of vitamins
coenzyme in more than 140 enzyme reactions in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Plants synthesize pyridoxine as a means of protection from the UV-B radiation
Vitamin_B6
Academic journal
Obesity and Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal established in 1999 covering research on diabetes, obesity, and metabolism. The journal
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Diabetes,_Obesity_and_Metabolism
Chemical reactions and pathways involving lysis of purine nucleotides
Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms. Purines are biologically synthesized
Purine_metabolism
Insufficient production of thyroid hormones
and therapeutic challenges". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (Review). 97 (9): 3068–78. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1616. PMID 22851492. "Thyroid
Hypothyroidism
Academic journal
of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism is a peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of endocrinology and metabolism. The current editor-in-chief is
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
The_Journal_of_Clinical_Endocrinology_and_Metabolism
Individual living life form
most common is that an organism has autonomous reproduction, growth, and metabolism. This would exclude viruses, even though they evolve like organisms. Other
Organism
Vitamin
and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth
Riboflavin
Relationship between metabolism and specific types of cancer
Tumor-informed metabolism (TIM) is an approach in oncology that tailors dietary interventions to the specific metabolic characteristics of a patient's
Tumor-informed_metabolism
In nucleotide sugar metabolism a group of biochemicals known as nucleotide sugars act as donors for sugar residues in the glycosylation reactions that
Nucleotide_sugars_metabolism
Chemical compound
branched-chain amino acid. The primary metabolic end products of leucine metabolism are acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate; consequently, it is one of the two exclusively
Leucine
Anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid
groups (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) are key steps in cell metabolism. Phosphates are a major component of agricultural fertilizers and play
Phosphate
Chemical element with atomic number 19 (K)
internal root pressure required for plant growth. Potassium increases plant metabolism and uptake of carbon dioxide. Potassium is the eighth or ninth most common
Potassium
Academic journal
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of human metabolism. It was established in 1952
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
Metabolism:_Clinical_and_Experimental
Amino acid
be derived from threonine, choline or hydroxyproline via inter-organ metabolism of the liver and kidneys. Glycine is degraded via three pathways. The
Glycine
Abnormal yellowish skin colour caused by high level of bilirubin
indicates the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. The prevalence of jaundice
Jaundice
Chemical compound
carbohydrates. It is a C-2 epimer of glucose. Mannose is important in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins. Several congenital
Mannose
Set of biological processes
Fatty acid metabolism consists of various metabolic processes involving or closely related to fatty acids, a family of molecules classified within the
Fatty_acid_metabolism
Sugar acid
arabic (approx. 18%), xanthan, and kombucha tea and is important for the metabolism of microorganisms, plants and animals. Glucuronic acid is a sugar acid
Glucuronic_acid
Amino acid and neurotransmitter
available as its hydrochloride salt. Glutamate is a key compound in cellular metabolism. Dietary proteins are digested into amino acids, which can be absorbed
Glutamic_acid
Form of metabolism in tumors
explore its therapeutic potential. Otto Warburg postulated this change in metabolism is the fundamental cause of cancer, a claim now known as the Warburg hypothesis
Warburg_effect_(oncology)
Biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial
Nitrogen_cycle
Amino acid
metabolism, supporting higher basal metabolic rates and promoting skeletal growth. These changes likely contributed to the coevolution of metabolism and
Threonine
Chemical element with atomic number 24 (Cr)
suspected roles in the action of insulin – a hormone that mediates the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein – have not been adequately
Chromium
Type of biochemical process
Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of
Protein_metabolism
carbohydrate transport and metabolism 271.9 Unspecified disorder of carbohydrate transport and metabolism 272 Disorders of lipoid metabolism 272.0 Pure hypercholesterolemia
List of ICD-9 codes 240–279: endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders
List_of_ICD-9_codes_240–279:_endocrine,_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases,_and_immunity_disorders
Monosaccharide sugar
mechanisms for galactose metabolism are necessary because the human body cannot directly use galactose for energy metabolism, and it must first go through
Galactose
Medical research institute in Tehran, Iran
Endocrine & Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI) (Persian: پژوهشگاه علوم غدد و متابولیسم) is one of Tehran University of Medical Sciences research institute
Endocrine & Metabolism Research Institute
Endocrine_&_Metabolism_Research_Institute
Amino acid
Although the liver is capable of glutamine synthesis, its role in glutamine metabolism is more regulatory than productive, as the liver takes up glutamine derived
Glutamine
Amino acid
Tyrosinemia Within a Mexican Population". Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening. 5: 232640981774423. doi:10.1177/2326409817744230. Booth
Tyrosine
Biological molecules constituting nucleic acids
is used in place of thymine. Nucleotides also play a central role in metabolism at a fundamental, cellular level. They provide chemical energy—in the
Nucleotide
Type of α-amino acid
sweetener aspartame, such as diet drinks, diet foods and medication; the metabolism of aspartame produces phenylalanine as one of the compound's metabolites
Phenylalanine
Amino acid with a branched carbon chain
[citation needed] During anaerobic exercise, pyruvate derived from glucose metabolism is converted into lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid can lower
Branched-chain_amino_acid
Arginine and proline metabolism is one of the central pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acids arginine and proline from glutamate. The pathways
Arginine and proline metabolism
Arginine_and_proline_metabolism
Medical condition
An inborn error of steroid metabolism is an inborn error of metabolism due to defects in steroid metabolism.[citation needed] A variety of conditions of
Inborn errors of steroid metabolism
Inborn_errors_of_steroid_metabolism
Academic journal
Flow & Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal the official journal of the International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism and publishes
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
Journal_of_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_&_Metabolism
Family of chemical compounds
and cell recognition. Sphingolipidoses, or disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, have particular impact on neural tissue. A sphingolipid with a terminal
Sphingolipid
Primary female sex hormone
myometrium. Estrogens are heavily involved in energy homeostasis and metabolism. Estrogen deficiencies are linked to metabolic disorders and obesity,
Estrogen
Cysteine metabolism refers to the biological pathways that consume or create cysteine. The pathways of different amino acids and other metabolites interweave
Cysteine_metabolism
Medical condition
is required to oxidize fatty acids. They are an inborn error of lipid metabolism, and when it affects the muscles also a metabolic myopathy. The enzyme
Fatty-acid metabolism disorder
Fatty-acid_metabolism_disorder
Any disease hindering the body's ability to process and distribute nutrients
of calcium metabolism DNA repair-deficiency disorders Glucose metabolism disorders Hyperlactatemia Iron metabolism disorders Lipid metabolism disorders
Metabolic_disorder
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
through gluconeogenesis, suppress the immune system, and aid in energy metabolism. It also decreases bone formation. These stated functions are carried
Cortisol
Chemical compound
Azzout-Marniche, Dalila (14 May 2020). "Histidine: A Systematic Review on Metabolism and Physiological Effects in Human and Different Animal Species". Nutrients
Histidine
Chemical compound (CH3CH2CH2COOH)
humans. These effects occur through its metabolism by mitochondria to generate ATP during fatty acid metabolism or through one or more of its histone-modifying
Butyric_acid
Amino acid
nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid metabolism. Lysine is also often involved in histone modifications, and thus, impacts
Lysine
Academic journal
and Metabolism was a scientific journal in the field of endocrinology, which was continued as Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. "Clinics
Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism
Clinics_in_Endocrinology_and_Metabolism
Polish psychiatrist and philosopher
approach. He is known as the originator of concepts like information metabolism (IM) and axiological psychiatry. Kępiński was born in Dolina, which at
Antoni_Kępiński
Medical condition
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction is a condition where pulmonary surfactant is insufficient for adequate respiration. Surface tension at the liquid-air
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction
Surfactant_metabolism_dysfunction
Variety of genetically modified laboratory mice
feature mammoth-inspired traits which include dense woolly coats, altered metabolism and other genetic modifications aimed at cold tolerance. Colossal Biosciences
Woolly_mouse
Vitamin
and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) are important in carbohydrate metabolism. PDH links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. OGDH catalyzes the overall
Thiamine
Chemical compound
as a nutrient, isoleucine also participates in regulation of glucose metabolism. Isoleucine is an essential component of many proteins. As an essential
Isoleucine
Polycyclic organic compound having sterane as a core structure
xenobiotic metabolism". Endocrine Reviews. 23 (5): 687–702. doi:10.1210/er.2001-0038. PMID 12372848. Steimer T. "Steroid Hormone Metabolism". WHO Collaborating
Steroid
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