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A peptide microarray (also commonly known as peptide chip or peptide epitope microarray) is a collection of peptides displayed on a solid surface, usually
Peptide_microarray
Small-scale two-dimensional array of samples on a solid support
use of protein, peptide and carbohydrate microarrays is expanding. Types of microarrays include: DNA microarrays, such as cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide
Microarray
Production of peptides
chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds.
Peptide_synthesis
Microtechnology
microarrays in proteomics research and diagnostics. Protein microarrays usually use Escherichia coli to produce proteins of interest; whereas peptide
Bio-MEMS
German pharmaceutical company
Jerini's subsidiaries Jerini US Inc. and JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, provider of peptides and peptide microarrays, were acquired by Theracode GmbH, Mainz
Jerini
Device for tracking proteins
A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function
Protein_microarray
PMHC cellular microarrays are a type of cellular microarray that has been spotted with pMHC complexes peptide-MHC class I or peptide-MHC class II. These
PMHC_cellular_microarray
Medical diagnostic test
surface of the peptide microarray, the 17-mers are long enough that there are multiple potential epitopes on each individual peptide. Antibodies are
Immunosignature
Technology for screening small molecule compounds
using a fluorescent primer and hybridized onto the DNA-microarray slide. Afterwards, microarrays are analyzed using a laser scan and spot intensities detected
DNA-encoded_chemical_library
American biochemist and molecular biologist
engage histones and their modifications. Through the development of a peptide microarray platform, his group uncovered mechanisms of DNA methylation maintenance
Brian_D._Strahl
A reverse phase protein lysate microarray (RPMA) is a protein microarray designed as a dot-blot platform that allows measurement of protein expression
Reverse phase protein lysate microarray
Reverse_phase_protein_lysate_microarray
A cellular microarray (or cell microarray) is a laboratory tool that allows for the multiplex interrogation of living cells on the surface of a solid support
Cellular_microarray
Identifying the binding site of an antibody on its target antigen
1038/nature20564. PMC 5583716. PMID 27819683. Gaseitsiwe, S.; et al. (2010). "Peptide microarray-based identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitope binding
Epitope_mapping
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pattern recognition receptor Pepscan Peptide microarray Peripheral tolerance PGG-glucan Phakellistatin 13 Platelet factor
Index_of_immunology_articles
Sub-discipline of biology
numbers per cell. A drawback that separates it from microarray analysis is its limited scope: a microarray can handle parallel analysis of multiple genes while
Degradomics
Substrates performing biochemical reactions
Progress in Development and Application of DNA, Protein, Peptide, Glycan, Antibody, and Aptamer Microarrays". Biomolecules. 13 (4): 602. doi:10.3390/biom13040602
Biochip
Protein-tyrosine kinase family of enzymes
of c-Src tyrosine kinase substrates using mass spectrometry and peptide microarrays". Journal of Proteome Research. 7 (9): 3900–10. doi:10.1021/pr800198w
Src_family_kinase
Genomic study of immune system regulation and pathogen response
concentrations for which the antibody probes are specific. Peptide microarrays use antigen peptides as probes and serum antibodies as targets. These can be
Immunomics
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
identification of proteins and sequencing of peptides (most often after in-gel digestion), protein microarrays, which allow the detection of the relative
Protein
Pharmaceutical compound
brain cortex tetrapeptide Cortagen on gene expression in mouse heart by microarray". Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 25 (1–2): 87–93. PMID 15159690. Zarubina
Cortagen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 17081983. S2CID 7827573. Wang H, Brautigan DL (Nov 2006). "Peptide microarray analysis of substrate specificity of the transmembrane Ser/Thr kinase
LMTK2
Co-inventor of natural language technology behind Siri
publishing on peptide motif inference in immunology and applying machine learning to epitope prediction. He also contributed to work on peptide-binding groove
Christopher_Savoie
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Analysis of binding interfaces of the human scaffold protein AXIN1 by peptide microarrays". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 293 (42): 16337–16347. doi:10
CSNK1D
Biotechnology company
of: Surface chemistries, PNA's (Peptide nucleic acid), siRNA's (Small interfering RNA) and more Production of microarrays and FleXelect oligopools is done
FlexGen_B.V.
Coding strand of DNA
important in certain molecular biology applications. For example, in microarray expression technologies, it is important to know which strand is "viewed"
Sense_strand
Study of large set of protein
in immunoproteomics is carried out by techniques including gel based, microarray based, and DNA based techniques, with mass spectroscopy typically being
Immunoproteomics
Large-scale study of proteins
biomarker identification, and many more. Mass spectrometry and microarray produce peptide fragmentation information but do not give identification of specific
Proteomics
Protein controlling mammalian coloration
melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as
Melanocortin_1_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
proteins with a predicted mitochondrial propeptide (mCARKD), a signal peptide (spCARKD) or neither of them (cCARKD). Confocal microscopy analysis of
CARKD
Compound library-based chemical synthesis method
Merrifield, started investigating the solid-phase synthesis of peptides. Synthesis of peptides in a combinatorial fashion quickly leads to large numbers of
Combinatorial_chemistry
Metafemale Metamale Metamere Metaphase Metaphase plate Metastasis Methylation Microarray Microbial genetics Microinjection Micronuclei Microsatellite Microtubules
Index_of_genetics_articles
Biochemical test for a protein or other molecule using an antibody
like phycoerythrin are used in a number of modern immunoassays. Protein microarrays are a type of immunoassay that often employ fluorogenic reporters. Some
Immunoassay
Optical quantitative imaging technique
protein layers with an optical microscope for the characterization of peptide microarrays". J. Pept. Sci. 13 (7): 451–457. doi:10.1002/psc.866. PMID 17559066
SEEC_microscopy
experiments Immunohistochemistry Mass spectrometric analysis Protein and peptide microarrays Western blotting Yeast two-hybrid based protein–protein interaction
Human_Proteinpedia
Overview of and topical guide to biochemistry
chain reaction Northern blotting Southern blotting Fusion proteins DNA microarray Bioinformatics Flow cytometry Western blotting Chromatography ELISA X-ray
Outline_of_biochemistry
Field of molecular biology
prior knowledge of what transcripts to study (as microarrays do). RNA sequencing has taken over microarray and SAGE technology in recent years, as noted
Functional_genomics
Computational analysis of large, complex sets of biological data
used to determine the genes implicated in a disorder: one might compare microarray data from cancerous epithelial cells to data from non-cancerous cells
Bioinformatics
Ionization technique
applied to the analysis of biomolecules (biopolymers such as DNA, proteins, peptides and carbohydrates) and various organic molecules (such as polymers, dendrimers
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption/ionization
Protein found in humans
tissues. The medium amount of RPL41 expression was 27 out of 37 tissues in Microarray. In the immune system, the protein is expressed in the whole blood cells
60S_ribosomal_protein_L41
Type of chemical bond between 2 amino acids
than regular peptide bonds. Isopeptide bonds lead to branching in the primary sequence of a protein. Proteins formed from normal peptide bonds typically
Isopeptide_bond
Region of non-coding DNA that regulates the transcription of neighboring genes
Fluorescence, Pigment & Radioactivity High-throughput technique ("-omics") DNA microarray Mass spectrometry Lab-on-a-chip Gene regulation Epigenetic Genetic Post-transcriptional
Cis-regulatory_element
Mammalian protein found in humans
proteins, PCSK9 is inactive when first synthesized, because a section of peptide chains blocks their activity; proprotein convertases remove that section
PCSK9
Tumors of the nervous or endocrine system within the pancreas
Lemoine NR (2009). "Genome-wide analysis of pancreatic cancer using microarray-based techniques". Pancreatology. 9 (1–2): 13–24. doi:10.1159/000178871
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Pancreatic_neuroendocrine_tumor
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to genetics
marker melanoma Mendel, Johann (Gregor) Mendelian inheritance Metaphase microarray technology microsatellite mitochondrial DNA monosomy mouse model multiple
Outline_of_genetics
American biologist (born 1938)
to synthesize short sections of DNA; a peptide synthesizer (1984), to combine amino acids into longer peptides and short proteins; the first automated
Leroy_Hood
Genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay and autistic features
individual with intellectual disability typically begins with chromosomal microarray analysis. If this is not diagnostic, the next step is typically either
ADNP_syndrome
and an algorithm that looked at cleavage sites and amino-terminal signal peptides characteristic of secreted proteins they were able to predict what fraction
Secretomics
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
were only detected during the adult stage of development. Experimental microarray data, however, reveals additional regions of C6orf58 expression, namely
C6orf58
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transmembrane domains but does not contain a signal peptide. This suggests that there is an internal signal peptide upstream of the translated portion of the protein
Transmembrane_protein_134
Protein-coding gene in humans
These complexes can be found on the surface of melanoma cells. Decameric peptides (26-35) are being investigated as cancer vaccines. The names MART-1 and
MLANA
Human gene
levels in the brain and connective tissues. Through the assessment of microarray experiments available on NCBI Geo, its inferred that c7orf61 is under
SPACDR
described a method to generate peptides capturable to contemporary protein microarrays through the creation of synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries (SPCL)
Richard_A._Houghten
Aspect of molecular biology
Prior to its development, efforts to measure translation in vivo included microarray analysis on the RNA isolated from polysomes, as well as translational
Ribosome_profiling
Imaging system
spectrometer records the spatial distribution of molecular species such as peptides, proteins or small molecules. Suitable image processing software can be
MALDI_imaging
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
Type of material used in medicine Laser capture microdissection Tissue microarray – Tissue arrangement technique Tissue stress Jones, Roger (June 2012)
Tissue_(biology)
Genome research project
expression in Humans, a sub project was created by GENCODE to develop custom microarray platforms capable of quantifying the transcripts in the GENCODE lncRNA
GENCODE
Protein family
forms differ by the presence or the absence of short (10 to 20 residues) peptides in various internal locations in the sequence. In general, the major form
Myelin_basic_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Roberts RG, Vetrie DL (Feb 2000). "The human family of Deafness/Dystonia peptide (DDP) related mitochondrial import proteins". Genomics. 61 (3): 259–67
TIMM10
Software for understanding biological data
learning algorithms to bioinformatics, including genomics, proteomics, microarrays, systems biology, evolution, and text mining. Prior to the emergence
Machine learning in bioinformatics
Machine_learning_in_bioinformatics
Type of immune cell
to present antigen peptides that are bound to Class II MHC, allowing CD4+ T cells that express the specific TCRs against the peptide/MHC complex to activate
T_helper_cell
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
classical methods with data on gene expression from proteomic and DNA microarray studies. Using these techniques, a model of human metabolism has now been
Metabolism
Chemical synthesis of nucleic acids
scale have been recently reviewed. One may visualize an oligonucleotide microarray as a miniature multi-well plate where physical dividers between the wells
Oligonucleotide_synthesis
Enzyme for controlling the production of melanin
consisting of three domains: a chloroplastic transit peptide (containing a ~4-9 kDa thylakoid signal peptide), a catalytically active domain (~ 37–42 kDa) containing
Tyrosinase
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
Although this is a common method, a limitation is the maintenance of the microarray, which detects new allelic profiles, making it a costly and time-consuming
Staphylococcus_aureus
Rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium
identified strains much faster than culture and sensitivity testing. Microarray-based platforms can identify specific pathogenic strains of E. coli and
Escherichia_coli
Loose connective tissue composed mostly by adipocytes
as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. DNA microarray is a bioinformatics tool used to quantify expression levels of various
Adipose_tissue
Process by which a gene can code for multiple proteins
then be analyzed. In microarray analysis, arrays of DNA fragments representing individual exons (e.g. Affymetrix exon microarray) or exon/exon boundaries
Alternative_splicing
Protein-coding gene in humans
basic amino acids from the C terminal of peptides and proteins. The enzyme is important in the regulation of peptides like kinins and anaphylatoxins, and has
CPN1
Hypothetical anti-aging dietary supplement or drug candidate
2005). "Identification of potential caloric restriction mimetics by microarray profiling". Physiol Genomics. 23 (3): 343–50. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.327.4892
Caloric_restriction_mimetic
Class of biological intermolecular interactions
produce from 1056 to 27,648 unique trisaccharides in contrast to only 6 peptides or oligonucleotides formed from 3 amino acids or 3 nucleotides respectively
Glycan–protein_interaction
Proteins engineered to bind to target proteins or peptides
robust proteins engineered to bind to a large number of target proteins or peptides with high affinity, imitating monoclonal antibodies, and are therefore
Affibody_molecule
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
probes can be fused directly to the protein. According to some available microarray data, FAM46B is highly expressed in the tongue (levels 10x above mean
Protein_FAM46B
Taiwanese immunologist (born 1947)
attempt. Thereafter, many other types of microarrays emerged, including DNA microarrays and protein microarrays, among others. In March 1986, Tse Wen and
Tse_Wen_Chang
Intermolecular and intramolecular interactions between protein and carbohydrate moieties
technique for measuring interactions and associated conformational changes. Microarray-Based Study by Metal Nanoparticle Probes Recently, studies by using metal
Protein–carbohydrate interaction
Protein–carbohydrate_interaction
polypeptides. One method uses a nonspecific protease to cleave the nascent peptide at a low temperature. The protease can cleave the unfolded, flexible regions
Translatomics
Biogerontologist
readout of transposon-based selections and universal DNA protein-binding microarrays (PBMs). He is Director of Gerontology and an adviser to the Personal
Preston_Estep
Protein found in humans
et al. (2002). "Genes that co-cluster with estrogen receptor alpha in microarray analysis of breast biopsies". Pharmacogenomics J. 1 (2): 135–41. doi:10
Zinc_transporter_ZIP6
Precancerous tissue formation in the esophagus
Langridge-Smith P, Kolch W, et al. (December 2007). "Microarray-formatted clinical biomarker assay development using peptide aptamers to anterior gradient-2". Biochemistry
Barrett's_esophagus
American biochemist (1938–2024)
amplification in vision, pioneering the development of high density microarrays for genetic analysis, and authoring the standard undergraduate biochemistry
Lubert_Stryer
International working group
to define minimal requirements. For microarrays the MGED Society defined the minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME). The standards for
Proteomics Standards Initiative
Proteomics_Standards_Initiative
Antibodies from clones of the same blood cell
ability to bind to the antigen (with a test such as ELISA or antigen microarray assay) or immuno-dot blot. The most productive and stable clone is then
Monoclonal_antibody
Method used in molecular biology
used either with antibodies against endogenous proteins, or with common peptide tags (including FLAG, V5, HA, and others) or affinity purification, which
Cross-linking immunoprecipitation
Cross-linking_immunoprecipitation
Genomic technique
name by combining the methods of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and DNA microarray, thus creating ChIP-on-chip. The two methods seek similar results, as
Chromatin_immunoprecipitation
Protein-coding gene in humans
SO, et al. (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 665–676. doi:10.1111/j
PMEL_(gene)
Species of fungus
et al. (March 2010). "Serological profiling of a Candida albicans protein microarray reveals permanent host-pathogen interplay and stage-specific responses
Candida_albicans
Specialized enteroendocrine cell
cells were thought to only occur in a paracrine fashion, in which secreted peptide hormones diffused through the lamina propria and contacted either intrinsic
Neuropod_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Pikachu's "lightning-fast moves". Pikachurin was initially identified in a microarray analysis of gene expression profiles of the retinas of wild-type and Otx2
Pikachurin
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
Flach, P. (2011-03-21). "Caveats and pitfalls of ROC analysis in clinical microarray research (and how to avoid them)". Briefings in Bioinformatics. 13 (1)
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Study of the separation, identification, and quantification of matter
DNA sequencing and related research in genetic fingerprinting and DNA microarray; proteomics, the analysis of protein concentrations and modifications
Analytical_chemistry
Biochemical identification method
commonly labelled molecules are antibodies, proteins, amino acids and peptides which are then used as specific probes for detection of a particular target
Fluorescent_tag
Species of bacterium
of carbohydrate utilization by Lactobacillus acidophilus using cDNA microarrays Safety and protective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus_acidophilus
Uncharacterized human protein
seen in the adult developmental stage. C11orf42 was observed in a RNA microarray that looked at different levels of intercranial aneurysms in order to
C11orf42
Protein-coding gene in humans
(December 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j
GPNMB
Spacecraft instrument to detect biosignatures
the microarray that can be measured. The instrument is able to detect a broad range of molecular size compounds, from the amino acid size, peptides, proteins
Signs_Of_LIfe_Detector
Gene on human chromosome 15
to other human proteins. The protein encoded by c15orf61 has a signal peptide consisting of amino acids 1-19. There is also one transmembrane region
C15orf61
Class of drugs
approach by targeting the HIV-1 TAR RNA hairpin. In a small molecule microarray screening, the Schneekloth group identified a thienopyridine derivative
RNA-targeting small molecule drugs
RNA-targeting_small_molecule_drugs
Process of compacting DNA molecules
ligands (multivalent metal ions, inorganic cations, polyamines, protamines, peptides, lipids, liposomes and proteins). Condensation of long double-helical DNAs
DNA_condensation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Identification of amyloid beta-peptide responsive genes by cDNA microarray technology: involvement of RTP801 in amyloid beta-peptide toxicity". Experimental
DDIT4
Aspect of molecular biology
attached to the complex, the processes of ribosome display skips the microarray/peptide bead/multiple-well sequence separation that is common in assays involving
Ribosome_display
Immunologist and neurologist, professor of pediatrics
emphasizing its role in lymphocyte homing to the MS-affected brain. Using microarray analysis, he identified distinct transcriptional profiles between acute
Lawrence_Steinman
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
Girl/Female
Greek
Hope.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Christian, Dutch, English, French, German, Netherlands, Swedish
Form of Charlotte; Petite and Feminine; Female Version of Charles; Carl; Little and Womanly; Free Man
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Indian, Italian, Latin, Spanish, Swedish
Petite or Feminine; Womanly
Girl/Female
Finnish, German, Italian, Swedish
Free Woman; Form of Charlotte; Petite and Feminine
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decorated, An object that gives light, And never stops doing so
Girl/Female
Latin American English French Shakespearean
Firm of purpose. Constancy, from the Latin Constantia.
Girl/Female
American, Australian
Loving Bear
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu
One who has An eye in the forehead
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Golden Pearl
Boy/Male
Hebrew American
God's able-bodied one.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Devoted; Kind; Compassionate
Boy/Male
English Teutonic Spanish
Industrious.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Parsi
Plenty
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
PEPTIDE MICROARRAY
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Betide
n.
One of the Reptilia; a reptile.
a.
Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces.
n.
The early spring, or the time when flowers begin opening.
v. t.
A lecertilian reptile; the blindworm.
n.
The time between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday wherein marriages were formerly solemnized publicly in churches. [Eng.]
n.
The sum or number of seven.
n.
A creeping creature; a reptile.
imp. & p. p.
of Betide
n.
An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.
n.
To betide; to happen.
n.
Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, C7H12, of the acetylene series.
n.
Open time; -- applied to different things
v. t.
To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer.
n.
The time after harvest when the common fields are open to all kinds of stock.
n.
A substance related to peptone.
n.
A substance convertible into peptone.
a.
Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a reptile race or crew; reptile vices.
Obs
of Betide
a.
Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.