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Protein-based part of the cell envelope found in most archaea and some bacteria
An S-layer (surface layer) is a part of the cell envelope found in almost all archaea, as well as in many types of bacteria. The S-layers of both archaea
S-layer
Protein family
The Methanosarcinales S-layer Tile Protein (MSTP) is a protein family found almost exclusively in Methanomicrobia members of the order Methanosarcinales
Methanosarcinales S-layer Tile Protein
Methanosarcinales_S-layer_Tile_Protein
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
gram-positive bacteria have an S-layer of "tiled" proteins. The S-layer assists attachment and biofilm formation. Outside the S-layer, there is often a capsule
Bacterial_cell_structure
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet.
Transport_Layer_Security
Extremophile species of bacterium
resistance in the main S-layer complex of Deinococcus radiodurans". Photochem Photobiol Sci. 17 (1): 81–88. Bibcode:2018PcPbS..17...81F. doi:10.1039/c7pp00240h
Deinococcus_radiodurans
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up layer or layers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Layer or layered may refer to: Layers (Kungs album) Layers (Les McCann album) Layers (Royce
Layer
Species of bacteria
Nature Communications found that a chain mail-like armor, called "The S-layer" may be responsible for C. difficile's apparent immunity to antibiotic
Clostridioides_difficile
Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing
Boundary_layer
Domain of organisms
most archaea, the wall is assembled from surface-layer proteins, which form an S-layer. An S-layer is a rigid array of protein molecules that cover the
Archaea
Outermost layer of some cells
cell walls vary in composition, potentially consisting of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls constructed
Cell_wall
Scientific study of language
Cambridge University Press: 74–92. doi:10.1017/S0267190519000096. Hunston, S. (2006). "Corpus Linguistics". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. pp
Linguistics
Unorganized layer of extracellular material surrounding bacteria cells
remove compared to their slime layer counterparts. Another highly organized, but separate structure is an S-layer. S-layers are structures that integrate
Slime_layer
Second layer of the OSI networking model
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers
Data_link_layer
Digital audio format
MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is an audio coding format developed largely by the Fraunhofer Society in Germany under
MP3
Species of bacterium
anionic and neutral polysaccharides as well as an S-layer lining the exterior of the cell. The S-layer proteins of L. acidophilus have been shown to adhere
Lactobacillus_acidophilus
Architectural motif in neural networks for aggregating information
pooling layer outputs a tensor y ∈ R H ′ × W ′ × C ′ {\displaystyle y\in \mathbb {R} ^{H'\times W'\times C'}} . We define two variables f , s {\displaystyle
Pooling_layer
Model of communication of seven abstraction layers
application. Each layer has well-defined functions and semantics and serves a class of functionality to the layer above it and is served by the layer below it
OSI_model
Species of bacterium
peptidoglycan layer is much thicker than gram-negative bacteria. The actual lattice that comprises peptidoglycan is referred to as the S-layer; this lattice
Levilactobacillus_brevis
Protective outer structure of bacterial cells
gram-positive bacteria have an S-layer of "tiled" proteins. The S-layer assists attachment and biofilm formation. Outside the S-layer, there is often a capsule
Cell_envelope
Electrical or optical properties between network devices
The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Ethernet_physical_layer
Species of bacterium
host-mediated phagocytosis; this "S-layer" is a microcapsule of high molecular weight proteins arranged in a lattice formation. The S-layer prevents complement-mediated
Campylobacter_fetus
Bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test
surface layer called an S-layer. In gram-positive bacteria, the S-layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer. Gram-negative bacteria's S-layer is attached
Gram-positive_bacteria
Third layer of the OSI model
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing
Network_layer
Technique for making thin films
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition is a thin film fabrication technique. The films are formed by depositing alternating layers of complementary materials
Layer_by_layer
Type of cyber-attack
application layer DDoS attack (sometimes referred to as layer 7 DDoS attack) is a form of DDoS attack where attackers target application-layer processes
Denial-of-service_attack
Species of archaeon
The membrane consists of a single lipid bilayer surrounded by an S-layer. The S-layer is made of a cell-surface glycoprotein that accounts for approximately
Halobacterium_salinarum
Molecular interface between a surface and a fluid
In surface science, a double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is
Double layer (surface science)
Double_layer_(surface_science)
Region of the stratosphere
The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It contains a high concentration
Ozone_layer
Type of feedforward neural network
convolutional layer are required to process 5x5-sized tiles. Higher-layer features are extracted from wider context windows, compared to lower-layer features
Convolutional_neural_network
Group of internetworking methods in the TCP/IP suite
The internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport network
Internet_layer
Basic unit of life forms
a cell wall which, for some bacteria, is covered by a third gelatinous layer called a bacterial capsule. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci
Cell_(biology)
Outer layer of the cerebrum of the mammalian brain
The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.
Cerebral_cortex
Collection of standards for wired Ethernet
working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are
IEEE_802.3
Botanical garden in Kirtland, Ohio, United States
Plant Conservation. Special gardens include the Myrtle S. Holden Wildflower Garden, the Helen S. Layer Rhododendron Garden, and the Arlene and Arthur Holden
Holden_Arboretum
Business representation of data
A semantic layer is a business representation of corporate data that helps end users access data autonomously using common business terms managed through
Semantic_layer
In electrochemistry, region surrounding an electrode in solution
In electrochemistry, the diffusion layer, according to IUPAC, is defined as the "region in the vicinity of an electrode where the concentrations are different
Diffusion_layer
Lowest-level electronic or optical transmission functions of a network
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with
Physical_layer
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link); the internet layer, providing
Internet_protocol_suite
Highest layer of network communication models
An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications
Application_layer
Digital optical disc data storage format
same dimensions. A standard single-layer DVD can store up to 4.7 GB of data, a dual-layer DVD up to 8.5 GB. Dual-layer, double-sided DVDs can store up to
DVD
Gas layer surrounding Earth
The atmosphere of Earth consists of a layer of mixed gas (commonly referred to as air) that is retained by gravity, surrounding the Earth's surface. It
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Layer of a turbulent fluid affected by interaction with a surface
The surface layer is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where
Surface_layer
SaaS-based methodology
which aggregates multiple payment technologies into one platform. The TPaaS layer allows organisations to become their own merchant provider, this facilitates
Transaction payments as a service
Transaction_payments_as_a_service
Term used in Indian politics
Creamy layer is a term used in reservation system of India to refer to some members of a backward class who are highly advanced socially as well as economically
Creamy_layer
the S-layer protecting Gram-positive bacteria. This connection to the S-layer is extremely important, because it is hypothesized that the S-layer is used
Unique properties of hyperthermophilic archaea
Unique_properties_of_hyperthermophilic_archaea
Video encoding standard
320, 352, 384, 416 and 448 kbit/s Layer II: 32, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320 and 384 kbit/s Layer III: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96
MPEG-1
Lowest abstraction layer in the Internet protocol suite
networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet protocol suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. The link layer is the group of
Link_layer
Domain of microorganisms
second outer layer of lipids. In many bacteria, an S-layer of rigidly arrayed protein molecules covers the outside of the cell. This layer provides chemical
Bacteria
Austrian biologist
self-organization of S-layers on growing and dividing cells and the assembly of isolated S-layer monomers in vitro have shown that S-layers are the simplest
Uwe_B._Sleytr
Layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths
limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The surface mixed layer is a layer where this turbulence
Mixed_layer
Type of forest with high rainfall
high humidity, the presence of moisture-dependent vegetation, a moist layer of leaf litter, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of
Rainforest
Network switch providing functionality above the data link layer
in the network layer header Protocol field in the network layer header Port numbers in the transport layer header MLSs implement QoS in hardware. A multilayer
Multilayer_switch
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also affects GPS signals, deflecting their paths and delaying their arrival
Ionosphere
Properties of a thermal boundary layer
thermal boundary layer formed by a heated (or cooled) fluid moving along a heated (or cooled) wall. In many ways, the thermal boundary layer description parallels
Thermal boundary layer thickness and shape
Thermal_boundary_layer_thickness_and_shape
Primary layer of cells in embryonic development
A germ layer, primary germinal layer, or germinal layer is a primary layer of cells that forms during animal embryonic development. Germ layers form during
Germ_layer
Vertical layering of a habitat
stratification refers to the vertical layering of a habitat; the arrangement of vegetation in layers. It classifies the layers (sing. stratum, pl. strata) of
Stratification_(vegetation)
Species of bacterium
nearly been exclusively focused on the unique outer cell surface layer (S-layer). S-layers are composed of single proteins that form a predictable lattice
Sporosarcina_ureae
Thin layer of vapor near a liquid or solid
called the Knudsen layer. The Knudsen layer thickness can be approximated by l c {\displaystyle l_{c}} , given by l c = k T s π d 2 p s {\displaystyle l_{c}={\frac
Knudsen_layer
Archeological concept
layer is a key concept in archaeology, particularly culture-historical archaeology especially in archaeological digs or excavations. A cultural layer
Cultural_layer
A wetting layer is an monolayer of atoms that is epitaxially grown on a flat surface. The atoms forming the wetting layer can be semimetallic elements/compounds
Wetting_layer
Species of bacterium
is surrounded by a surface-layer, or S-layer, which forms a protective lattice on the surface of the bacterium. The S-layer may be implicated in virulence
Campylobacter_rectus
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
space filled with a concentrated gel-like substance called periplasm The S-layer is directly attached to the outer membrane rather than to the peptidoglycan
Gram-negative_bacteria
Lowest part of the atmosphere directly influenced by contact with the planetary surface
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere
Planetary_boundary_layer
Way of hiding details of a computing subsystem
abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the working details of a subsystem. Examples of software models that use layers of abstraction
Abstraction_layer
Computer networking protocol
In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery
Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol
Protein
serotypes and ribotypes, is a component of the S-layer assembly. This protein is not only localized within the S-layer but is also found in the spore coat and
Cell_wall_protein_2
Thin-film deposition technique that deposits one 1-atom thick layer at a time
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin-film deposition technique based on the sequential use of a gas-phase chemical process; it is a subclass of chemical
Atomic_layer_deposition
thickness and shape of boundary layers formed by fluid flowing along a solid surface. The defining characteristic of boundary layer flow is that at the solid
Boundary_layer_thickness
Genus of archaea
nutrient levels, large clustered cells up to 15 μm in diameter are found. The S-layer is made of a glycoprotein called tetrabrachion. Tetrabrachion is stable
Staphylothermus
Lossy audio compression format
MP2 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam) is a lossy audio compression format. It is standardised
MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II
Machine learning technique
success. Batch normalization (BatchNorm) operates on the activations of a layer for each mini-batch. Consider a simple feedforward network, defined by chaining
Normalization (machine learning)
Normalization_(machine_learning)
Delay-based audio effects system
Layered costmaps is a method to create and update maps for robot navigation and path planning proposed by David V. Lu in 2014. During robot navigation
Layered_costmaps
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol
List of network protocols (OSI model)
List_of_network_protocols_(OSI_model)
Combinatorial optimization problem
flow network with the following layers: Layer 1: One source-node s. Layer 2: a node for each agent. There is an arc from s to each agent i, with cost 0 and
Assignment_problem
Research and education network in Australia
100 Gbit/s (total 8 Tbit/s) national IP network: 100 Gbit/s layer 3 routed network via diverse paths international connectivity: 240 Gbit/s of optical
AARNet
Layer of water in deep sea
A nepheloid layer or nepheloid zone is a layer of water in the deep sea basin, above the seabed, that contains significant amounts of suspended sediment
Nepheloid_layer
Messaging protocol
Messaging Layer Security (MLS) is a security layer for end-to-end encrypted messages. It is maintained by the MLS working group of the Internet Engineering
Messaging_Layer_Security
Fourth layer of cornea( first being the outermost and sixth being the innermost)
Dua's layer, according to a 2013 paper by Harminder Singh Dua's group at the University of Nottingham, is a layer of the cornea that had not been detected
Dua's_layer
2004 British crime film by Matthew Vaughn
Layer Cake is a 2004 British crime drama thriller film directed by Matthew Vaughn, in his directorial debut. The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly
Layer_Cake_(film)
Standardized digital audio interface
formats that require greater bandwidth. S/PDIF is a data link layer protocol as well as a set of physical layer specifications for carrying digital audio
S/PDIF
Technology with features near one nanometer
(1993). "A Perspective on S-Layer Research". In Beveridge TJ, Koval SF (eds.). Advances in Bacterial Paracrystalline Surface Layers. Plenum Press. pp. 3–9
Nanotechnology
Species of bacterium
negative, yet has a single lipid layer (monoderm), but with thin peptidoglycan, which is compensated for by S-layer protein. As the name implies, these
Chloroflexus_aurantiacus
Genus of archaea
of about 2 μm, that exhibit a smooth surface, an outer membrane and no S-layer. They have a previously unknown cell envelope structure—a cytoplasmic membrane
Ignicoccus
Phenomena that occur when a superconductor is in contact with a non-superconductor
layers. Similar qualitative changes in behavior do not occur when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the S/I or S/N interface. In S/N and S/I
Proximity effect (superconductivity)
Proximity_effect_(superconductivity)
Computing system architecture
strict layered system, each layer depends on the layer below it and can exist without the layers above it. In a relaxed layered system, a layer can also
Multitier_architecture
1987 treaty to protect the ozone layer
Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous
Montreal_Protocol
Outermost layer of the sclera
The episclera is the outermost layer of the sclera (the white of the eye). It is composed of loose, fibrous, elastic tissue and attaches to Tenon's capsule
Episcleral_layer
Protein family
The best characterized archaeosortase target is the Haloferax volcanii S-layer glycoprotein, an extensively modified protein with O-linked glycosylations
Archaeosortase
Cross-layer optimization is an escape from the pure waterfall-like concept of the OSI communications model with virtually strict boundaries between layers.
Cross-layer_optimization
Tectonic terrane in the Italian Alps
5..131G. doi:10.1016/j.sesci.2020.05.002. ISSN 2451-912X. Siegesmund, S.; Layer, P.; Dunkl, I.; Vollbrecht, A.; Steenken, A.; Wemmer, K.; Ahrendt, H.
Ivrea_zone
In mathematics, a layer group is a three-dimensional extension of a wallpaper group, with reflections in the third dimension. It is a space group with
Layer_group
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
cortex is actually a thin, continuous layer of tissue tightly folded in the style of an accordion. Within this thin layer are several types of neurons with
Cerebellum
Detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake
flow separation or boundary layer separation is the detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake. A boundary layer exists whenever there is
Flow_separation
Standard for serial communication between devices without host computer
40 kbit/s to 1 Mbit/s and is the basis for higher-layer protocols. In contrast, low-speed CAN 2.0 supports bit rates from 40 kbit/s to 125 kbit/s and offers
CAN_bus
closed surface S in three-dimensions. Thus a double layer potential u(x) is a scalar-valued function of x ∈ R3 given by u ( x ) = − 1 4 π ∫ S ρ ( y ) ∂ ∂
Double_layer_potential
Star at the centre of the Solar System
86% of the total mass of the Solar System. The mass of the Sun's surface layer, its photosphere, consists mostly of hydrogen (~73%) and helium (~25%),
Sun
American football coach (born c. 1990)
Braden Layer (born c. 1989) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Allegheny College, a position he has held since 2023
Braden_Layer
Computer expansion bus standard
example offers a data rate on top of the physical layer of 250 MB/s (simplex). This is due to a 2.5 GT/s bit rate multiplied by the efficiency of the 8b/10b
PCI_Express
Video game engine and platform
officially unveiled S&box as a prototype. This early version was built using Unreal Engine 4 (UE4), incorporating a hotloading C# layer. The developers used
S&box
Insulating region in a semiconductor
depletion region, also called depletion layer, depletion zone, junction region, space charge region, or space charge layer, is an insulating region within a
Depletion_region
S LAYER
S LAYER
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Andreas, ANDRÃS means "man; warrior."
Male
German
German name derived from Latin Aloisius, ALOÃS means "famous warrior."
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Latin Nicolaus, NICOLÃS means "victor of the people."
Male
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Latin Lucas, LÚCÃS means "from Lucania."
Male
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Latin Laurentius, LABHRÃS means "of Laurentum."
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Roman Latin Felicitas, FELICITÃS means "fortune; good luck."
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Greek Elisabet, EILÃS means "God is my oath."
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek ThÅmas, TAMÃS means "twin." In use by the Romani.
Male
Spanish
Portuguese and Spanish form of Greek Andreas, ANDRÉS means "man; warrior."
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Hebrew Moshe, MOISÉS means "drawn out."
Surname or Lastname
Catalan (Sirés)
Catalan (Sirés) : variant of Cirés, a habitational name from a town in l’Alt Berguedà district, Catalonia.Catalan (Sirès) : variant of Cirès, a habitational name from a town in l’Alta Ribagorça district.English : probably a variant spelling of Syers.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Nikolaos, MIKLÓS means "victor of the people."Â
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Elias, ILLÉS means "the Lord is my God."Â
Male
Greek
(ΘεÏιστής) Greek name THERISTÃS means "mowing month," referring to the month of June.
Female
French
French form of Latin Anna, ANAÃS means "favor; grace."
Male
Irish
 Irish Gaelic form of Greek ThÅmas, TOMÃS means "twin." Compare with another form of Tomás.
Male
Spanish
 Spanish form of Greek ThÅmas, TOMÃS means "twin." Compare with another form of Tomás.
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Middle Latin Venceslaus, VENCESLÃS means "more glory."Â
Male
Irish
Irish form of Latin Nicolaus, NIOCLÃS means "victor of the people."Â
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Barnabas, BARNABÃS means "son of exhortation."Â
S LAYER
S LAYER
Boy/Male
Tamil
Midhinesh | மீதீநேஷ
Lord indra-king of heaven
Male
Greek
(ΕυτÏχιος) Greek name derived from the word eutyches, EUTYCHIOS means "fortunate."
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh
Loyal.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire and Yorkshire)
English (Lancashire and Yorkshire) : variant of Copestake, an occupational nickname for a woodcutter, from Old French couper ‘to cut’ + Middle English stikke ‘stick’ or stake ‘pin’, ‘stake’.
Male
French
 French form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARTIN means "of/like Mars." Compare with another form of Martin.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, French, German, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Oriya, Parsi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Swedish, Telugu, Turkish
Sincere; Just; Fair; Judicious; Honest; Righteous; Negotiation; Exchange; Justice; Upright; Kindness; Fear; Nest
Boy/Male
Tamil
Silvery, Dust, Mist, Passion
Boy/Male
Irish Scottish Celtic
Boy/Male
German
Peaceful Ruler
Biblical
- Joel
S LAYER
S LAYER
S LAYER
S LAYER
S LAYER
n.
A marine food fish of the genus Scorpaena, as the European hogfish (S. scrofa), and the California species (S. guttata).
n.
The American pinefinch (S. pinus); -- called also pine siskin. See Pinefinch.
n.
A movement in dancing. See Balance, v. i., S.
n.
A genus of plants comprehending the potato (S. tuberosum), the eggplant (S. melongena, and several hundred other species; nightshade.
n.
One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the genus Stromateus (S. niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern Europe and Asia.
a.
Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S.
v. t.
To to/s back and forth; to agitate; to disquiet.
v. i.
To pronounce the sibilant letter s imperfectly; to give s and z the sound of th; -- a defect common among children.
n.
The Greek letter /, /, or / (English S, or s). It originally had the form of the English C.
n.
A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang, U. S.].
n.
Any one of several species of birds of the genus Sitta, as the European species (Sitta Europaea). The white-breasted nuthatch (S. Carolinensis), the red-breasted nuthatch (S. Canadensis), the pygmy nuthatch (S. pygmaea), and others, are American.
n.
A plant of the genus Senecio (S. hieracifolius).
a.
Curved in two directions, like the letter S, or the Greek /.