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Computer networking protocol
older tunneling protocols for point-to-point communication: Cisco's Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol (L2F) and Microsoft's Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol
Computer communications protocol
Socket Tunneling Protocol IPSec (IP protocols 50 and 51): Internet Protocol Security L2TP (UDP port 1701): Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol L2TPv3 (IP protocol 115):
Tunneling_protocol
Cisco VPN tunneling protocol
L2F, or Layer 2 Forwarding, is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco Systems, Inc. to establish virtual private network connections over the Internet
Layer_2_Forwarding_Protocol
Protocol LattisNet LocalTalk L2F Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol LLDP-MED Link Layer Discovery
List of network protocols (OSI model)
List_of_network_protocols_(OSI_model)
Computer network protocol
detected by the protocols themselves through checksums or other means. IPsec Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) OpenVPN
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
Point-to-Point_Tunneling_Protocol
Communications protocol
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is a communications protocol providing security to datagram-based applications by allowing them to communicate
Datagram Transport Layer Security
Datagram_Transport_Layer_Security
OSI model layer for communication sessions
L2F, Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol L2TP, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol NetBIOS, Network Basic Input Output System PAP, Password Authentication Protocol PPTP
Session_layer
Third version of L2TP family
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol version 3 is an IETF standard related to L2TP that can be used as an alternative protocol to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
L2TPv3
Extension of a private network across a public one
Service (VPLS) and layer 2 tunneling protocols are designed to overcome this limitation. Trusted VPNs do not use cryptographic tunneling; instead, they rely
Virtual_private_network
Data link layer communication protocol
In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer (layer 2) communication protocol between two routers directly without any host
Point-to-Point_Protocol
OSI model layer for node-to-node data transfer
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers
Data_link_layer
Overview of and topical guide to the Internet
Shortest Path First (OSPF) – Tunneling protocol (Tunnels) – Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) – Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) – Medium access control
Outline_of_the_Internet
Protocol used by network devices for advertising their identity
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a link-layer protocol used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on
Link_Layer_Discovery_Protocol
Form of virtual private network tunnel
Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) is a form of virtual private network (VPN) tunnel that provides a mechanism to transport Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol
Secure_Socket_Tunneling_Protocol
Virtual private network run by an ISP or enterprise
plaintext tunneling protocols include Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) when it is set up without IPsec and Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) or
Provider-provisioned_VPN
Computer networking protocol
Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) RFC 3817 - Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Active Discovery Relay for PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) RFC 4638
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
Point-to-Point_Protocol_over_Ethernet
Layer for end-to-end network communication
transport layer is an abstraction layer in a network protocol stack that provides communication services between applications. Depending on the protocol, these
Transport_layer
Secure network protocol suite
and, of these, Security Protocol at Layer 3 (SP3) would eventually morph into the ISO standard Network Layer Security Protocol (NLSP). In 1992, the US
IPsec
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet. The
Transport_Layer_Security
Principal protocol used for transmission of datagrams across an IP network
IP tunneling or remote procedure call and the Network File System. It is simple, suitable for bootstrapping or other purposes without a full protocol stack
User_Datagram_Protocol
Authentication protocol for the point-to-point protocol
server by using the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to establish a mutually authenticated tunnel. Within the tunnel, TLV (Type-Length-Value) objects
Extensible Authentication Protocol
Extensible_Authentication_Protocol
Cisco tunneling protocol
encapsulation (GRE) is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco Systems that can encapsulate a wide variety of network layer protocols inside virtual point-to-point
Generic_routing_encapsulation
Topics referred to by the same term
(Amtrak station), Amtrak station code L2TP Network Server in Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol VPNs Lancaster Airport (Pennsylvania), US, IATA code Lesch–Nyhan
LNS
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
layers for a particular application forms a protocol stack. From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data
Internet_protocol_suite
Communication protocol design method
processes can also serve as malicious features like in the tunneling protocols. The physical layer is responsible for physical transmission of the data, link
Encapsulation_(networking)
Highest layer in network protocol models
An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications
Application_layer
Reference model for network communication
between the media (layer 2) and the network protocol (layer 3). The table below presents a list of OSI layers, the original OSI protocols, and some approximate
OSI_model
Associates addresses in the layers of a networked device implementation
Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with an internet layer address
Address_Resolution_Protocol
Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
protocol, which makes it a layer 2 protocol in the Internet Standard RFC 1122 TCP/IP four-layer model or a layer 3 protocol in the modern five-layer TCP/IP
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet_Control_Message_Protocol
Point-to-point connection over a packet-switched network
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Internet Protocol (IPv4 or IPv6), or Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3). The first pseudowire specifications
Pseudowire
Network tunneling protocol
VxLAN. Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV) Virtual LAN (VLAN) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Herrod, Steve (August 30, 2011). "Towards Virtualized Networking
VXLAN
Group of internetworking methods in the TCP/IP suite
The internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport network
Internet_layer
Protocol in the Internet protocol suite used with IPv6
Neighbor Discovery (IND) protocol extension allows nodes to determine and advertise an IPv6 address corresponding to a given link-layer address, similar to
Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol
Lowest abstraction layer in the Internet protocol suite
networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet protocol suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. The link layer is the group of
Link_layer
KVM—Keyboard, Video, Mouse L10N—Localization L2TP—Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol LACP—Link Aggregation Control Protocol LAMP—Linux Apache MySQL Perl LAMP—Linux Apache
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Message-oriented transport layer protocol
networking, the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a message-oriented transport layer protocol. DCCP implements reliable connection setup,
Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol
Internet protocol
IP in IP is an IP tunneling protocol that encapsulates one IP packet in another IP packet. To encapsulate an IP packet in another IP packet, an outer header
IP_in_IP
High-speed interface technology
underlying PHY layer is a layered protocol stack that covers layers L1 to L4 of the OSI Reference Model for networking. UniPro introduces an extra layer L1.5 between
UniPro
underlying protocol layers which meet the requirements described in the specification are possible. Comparison of file transfer protocols Internet protocol suite
List of TCP and UDP port numbers
List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
Cryptographic network protocol
for tunneling, forwarding of TCP ports and X11 connections and it can be used to transfer files using the associated SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
Secure_Shell
VPN service
the protocol stack, file system, and process scheduling. OpenVPN uses SSL protocol which is generally more secure than Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol's PPTP
VPNBook
Methods of delivering voice communications and multimedia over IP networks
and tunneling. The common tunneling protocol used is Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol and the common encryption mechanism used is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
Voice_over_IP
Computer network management and monitoring protocol
a set of standards for network management, including an application layer protocol, a database schema, and a set of data objects. In typical uses of SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
Standard protocol for transferring files over TCP/IP networks
practice of tunneling a normal FTP session over a Secure Shell connection. Because FTP uses multiple TCP connections (unusual for a TCP/IP protocol that is
File_Transfer_Protocol
This is a list of the IP protocol numbers found in the 8-bit Protocol field of the IPv4 header and the 8-bit Next Header field of the IPv6 header. It is
List_of_IP_protocol_numbers
Network protocols
IDP and SPP protocols respectively. IPX is a network-layer protocol (layer 3 of the OSI model), while SPX is a transport-layer protocol (layer 4 of the OSI
IPX/SPX
Network routing scheme based on labels identifying paths
protocol. The primary benefit is to eliminate dependence on a particular OSI data link layer technology, and eliminate the need for multiple layer-2 networks
Multiprotocol_Label_Switching
Computer network protocol
Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a computer networking communications protocol in the transport layer of the Internet protocol suite. Originally intended
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol
Group of communications protocols
tunnelling protocol on one port. Versions 1 and 2 are each effectively two protocols, one for control (called GTP-C) and one for user data tunneling (called
GPRS_Tunnelling_Protocol
HTTP extension supporting TLS encryption
the communication protocol is encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS) or, formerly, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The protocol is therefore also
HTTPS
Computer network protocol
2024-09-22. Tunneling QuickTime RTSP and RTP over HTTP at the Wayback Machine (archived 2024-02-15) "Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry"
Real-Time_Streaming_Protocol
Service layer in IEEE 802 network standards
with the Address Resolution Protocol for IPv4, or by Neighbor Discovery Protocol (IPv6) into the MAC address (a layer 2 concept) of the destination host
Medium_access_control
Protocol for establishing multicast group memberships on IPv4 networks
IGMP operates on the network layer (layer 3), just the same as other network management protocols like ICMP. The IGMP protocol is implemented on hosts and
Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet_Group_Management_Protocol
Topics referred to by the same term
television channel L2TP Access Concentrator, endpoint of a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol tunnel Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton, French research laboratory Linear
LAC
Internet Protocol encapsulation for serial ports and router connections
settings. SLIP does not provide error detection, being reliant on upper layer protocols for this. Therefore, SLIP on its own is not satisfactory over a link
Serial_Line_Internet_Protocol
Communication protocol that allows connections between networks
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries
Internet_Protocol
HTTP header field introduced in HTTP/1.1
request, which is later upgraded to a newer HTTP protocol version or switched to a different protocol. A connection upgrade must be requested by the client;
HTTP/1.1_Upgrade_header
Voice-over-IP communications protocol
voice, video, and messaging. It operates at the application layer of the Internet protocol suite and is widely used in Internet telephony, private IP-based
Session_Initiation_Protocol
Protocol for communicating routing information on the Internet
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems
Border_Gateway_Protocol
Internet protocol that uses a proxy server
UDP packets to be forwarded. The SOCKS protocol operates between the application layer and the transport layer. A SOCKS server accepts incoming client
SOCKS
Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) is the implementation of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
ICMPv6
TCP/IP application layer protocol
Gemini, or Project Gemini, is an application-layer Internet communication protocol for accessing remote documents, similar to HTTP and Gopher. It comes
Gemini_(protocol)
Computer expansion bus standard
PCI Express is a layered protocol, consisting of a transaction layer, a data link layer, and a physical layer. The Data Link Layer is subdivided to include
PCI_Express
Free and open-source virtual private network software
and open-source software portal OpenConnect OpenSSH Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Stunnel Tunnelblick WireGuard OpenVPN Change Log - OpenVPN
OpenVPN
Free and open-source VPN protocol
better performing than IPsec and OpenVPN, two common tunneling protocols. The WireGuard protocol passes traffic over UDP. In March 2020, the Linux version
WireGuard
Protocol for delivering audio and video over IP networks
as application-layer framing, where protocol functions are implemented in the application as opposed to the operating system's protocol stack. Real-time
Real-time_Transport_Protocol
Low-power wireless mesh networking protocol for the Internet of things
networking layer for its own connected-home products before the technology was opened to the wider industry. Since July 2014 the protocol has been developed
Thread_(network_protocol)
Communication protocol for streaming data over the Internet
top of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and uses port number 1935 by default. RTMPS, which is RTMP over a Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) connection
Real-Time_Messaging_Protocol
Internet protocol
over IP (FCIP or FC/IP, also known as Fibre Channel tunneling or storage tunneling) is a protocol created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Fibre_Channel_over_IP
Family of Internet mail protocols
In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail
Post_Office_Protocol
System for exchanging messages between computing systems
example, protocols are often stacked in a tunneling arrangement to accommodate the connection of dissimilar networks. For example, IP may be tunneled across
Communication_protocol
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data
Network_Time_Protocol
Version 6 of the Internet Protocol
backbone was IPv4-only, one of the frequently used tunneling protocols was 6to4. Teredo tunneling was also frequently used for integrating IPv6 LANs with
IPv6
System to identify resources on a network
HTTPS tunneling and TLS transport-layer encryption in a single protocol. DNS may be run over virtual private networks (VPNs) and tunneling protocols. The
Domain_Name_System
Internet Engineering Task Force standard communications protocol
optimization" (RO) mode. If needed, the foreign agent could employ reverse tunneling by tunneling the mobile node's packets to the home agent, which in turn forwards
Mobile_IP
Computer network protocol
protocol for computer networks. It evolved from the earlier RADIUS protocol. It belongs to the application layer protocols in the Internet protocol suite
Diameter_(protocol)
Type of virtual private network
Cisco Systems. This method is also known as a Layer 2 circuit. It uses the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) to communicate between PE routers. In this
Layer_2_MPLS_VPN
Sister protocol of the Real-time Transport Protocol that provides control information
RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) is a binary-encoded out-of-band signaling protocol that functions alongside the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). RTCP provides
RTP_Control_Protocol
Class of routing protocols
route network-layer protocols like IP. Interior gateway protocols can be divided into two categories: distance-vector routing protocols and link-state
Interior_gateway_protocol
Point to point protocol
Transmission Protocol is a point to point protocol for use in deep space links. LTP is commonly seen as the standard underlying convergence layer protocol for
Licklider Transmission Protocol
Licklider_Transmission_Protocol
is not a physical protocol layer in the OSI sense. Layer 2 (L2) is the Frame Protocol Layer, sometimes referred to as the Link Layer. Its purpose is to
TV_Network_Protocol
Protocol that encapsulates Extensible Authentication Protocol
Protocol (EAP) within an encrypted and authenticated Transport Layer Security (TLS) tunnel. The purpose was to correct deficiencies in EAP; EAP assumed
Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol
Protected_Extensible_Authentication_Protocol
Communication protocol for printers
other HTTP authentication methods. Encryption is provided using the TLS protocol-layer, either in the traditional always-on mode used by HTTPS or using the
Internet_Printing_Protocol
Technical standard in computing
DP tunnels to DP 2.1, allowing the tunneling of DP connections with up to 80 Gbit/s (UHBR20). It also added a replacement of the previous tunneling of
USB4
Standard for serial communication between devices without host computer
for higher layer protocols like IP (Internet Protocol) and the tunneling of Ethernet frames. The CAN protocol, like many networking protocols, can be decomposed
CAN_bus
Obsolete computer networking protocol
server hosts to maintain a database of mappings of link-layer addresses to their respective protocol addresses. MAC addresses need to be individually configured
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Reverse_Address_Resolution_Protocol
Standard in building automation
etc. KNX evolved from three earlier standards; the European Home Systems Protocol (EHS), BatiBUS, and the European Installation Bus (EIB or Instabus). It
KNX
Logical identifier addressing a specific group of devices on a network
in the link layer (layer 2 in the OSI model), such as Ethernet multicast, and at the internet layer (layer 3 for OSI) for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
Multicast_address
owned and controlled by 3M, the protocol is published and is widely used by other vendors. Version 2.0 of the protocol, known as "SIP2", is a de facto
Standard_Interchange_Protocol
Open-source VPN client and server software
University of Tsukuba. VPN protocols such as SSL VPN, L2TP/IPsec, OpenVPN, and Microsoft Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol are provided in a single VPN
SoftEther_VPN
Electrical connector used for SCSI
102 Series. Michael Micheletti (2006-01-07). "SAS and Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol (STP)". serialstoragewire.net. Archived from the original on 2014-10-14
SCSI_connector
Routing protocol for IP networks
internet layer for routing packets by their destination IP address. OSPF supports Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6
Open_Shortest_Path_First
IPv6 transition mechanism
older similar protocol using IPv4 multicast), ISATAP uses IPv4 as a virtual non-broadcast multiple-access network (NBMA) data link layer, so that it does
ISATAP
Application running at the network layer and above
client–server or peer-to-peer architecture based on application layer network protocols. Each service is usually provided by a server component running
Network_service
Smallest message entity exchanged using Internet Protocol version 6
link layer (i.e., over Ethernet or Wi-Fi), which encapsulates each packet in a frame. Packets may also be transported over a higher-layer tunneling protocol
IPv6_packet
Transport layer computer network protocol
QUIC (/kwɪk/) is a general-purpose transport layer network protocol initially designed by Jim Roskind at Google. It was first implemented and deployed
QUIC
Tunneling protocol
Data-Link Switching (DLSw) is a tunneling protocol designed to tunnel unroutable, non-IP based protocols such as IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
Data-Link_Switching
Transmission Control Protocol technology
Multipath TCP working group, that aims at allowing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection to use multiple paths to maximize throughput and increase
Multipath_TCP
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
which is part of the transport layer of the TCP/IP suite. SSL/TLS often runs on top of TCP. Today, TCP remains a core protocol for most Internet communication
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Network protocol that builds a loop-free logical topology for Ethernet networks
Bridge Layer 2 Protocols" (PDF). IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee. Retrieved 20 October 2017. "Understanding Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w)"
Spanning_Tree_Protocol
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