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Algorithms for processing data too large to fit into a computer's main memory at once
In computing, external memory algorithms or out-of-core algorithms are algorithms that are designed to process data that are too large to fit into a computer's
External_memory_algorithm
External memory is memory that uses cues from the environment to aid in the remembrance of ideas and sensations. When a person uses something besides
External_memory_(psychology)
Topics referred to by the same term
The term external memory is used with different meanings in different fields: For the use of the term in psychology, see external memory (psychology)
External_memory
Class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data
main memory of a computing device (usually RAM) and instead they must reside in the slower external memory, usually a disk drive. Thus, external sorting
External_sorting
external memory (PEM) model is a cache-aware, external-memory abstract machine. It is the parallel-computing analogy to the single-processor external
Parallel_external_memory
External memory graph traversal is a type of graph traversal optimized for accessing externally stored memory. Graph traversal is a subroutine in most
External memory graph traversal
External_memory_graph_traversal
Bus protocol
An external memory interface is a bus protocol for communication from an integrated circuit, such as a microprocessor, to an external memory device located
External_memory_interface
Computer memory management methodology
the implementation, such as external fragmentation, which arises when there are many small gaps between allocated memory blocks, which invalidates their
Memory_management
Type of information retrieval using LLMs
described combining a parametric language model with a non-parametric external memory accessed through retrieval at inference time. LLMs can provide incorrect
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented_generation
Type of computer memory
the capacitor would soon be lost. To prevent this, DRAM requires an external memory refresh circuit which periodically rewrites the data in the capacitors
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Data storage outside a computer's own hardware
optical disc), compact flash drives (USB flash drive and memory card), portable storage devices (external solid-state drive and enclosed hard disk drive), or
External_storage
Device controlling access and addressing of memory
the need for an external memory controller.[citation needed] Some CPUs are designed to have their memory controllers as dedicated external components that
Memory_controller
Storage of digital data readable by computers
capacities of secondary storage. Secondary storage (also known as external memory or auxiliary storage) differs from primary storage in that it is not
Computer_data_storage
PC chip handling onboard control tasks
Intel based PCs, the northbridge was also named external memory controller hub or graphics and memory controller hub if equipped with integrated graphics
Northbridge_(computing)
Feature of computer systems
with a cache and an external memory that can be accessed directly by devices using DMA. When the CPU accesses location X in the memory, the current value
Direct_memory_access
Inefficient use of storage space
such as processors; see below. Memory fragmentation can be internal and external. Internal fragmentation occurs when memory allocation provides more space
Fragmentation_(computing)
Data storage device
memory external storage method and device", published October 13, 2000, issued December 7, 2004 "Flash Memory: Where Did It Start?". GetFlashMemory.info
USB_flash_drive
AMD neural processing unit microarchitecture
lowering latency. On-chip program and data memories that further reduce latency and power by minimizing external memory traffic. Dedicated DMA engines and programmable
AMD_XDNA
Ordered listing of items in a collection
Machine Lauren G. Block; Vicki G. Morwitz (1999). "Shopping Lists as an External Memory Aid for Grocery Shopping: Influences on List Writing and List Fulfillment"
List
Psychological hypothesis proposed by Daniel Wegner
transactive memory system works similarly to external memory, where other members of the group are the external memory aid. Just as an individual's metamemory
Transactive_memory
I/O-efficient algorithm regardless of cache size
of a more realistic cache's performance. It is different than the external memory model because cache-oblivious algorithms do not know the block size
Cache-oblivious_algorithm
2006 mobile phone model
cards which are also marketed as MMCmobile. The user memory for Nokia N72 is expandable up to 4 GB memory. Device Details - Nokia N72 Archived 2009-08-03 at
Nokia_N72
Array that replaces runtime computation with a simpler array indexing operation
fast memory instead of being stored on slower external memory, and maintains two pieces of data for a sub-range of bits composing an external memory (or
Lookup_table
Computer bus
The external bus interface, usually shortened to EBI, is a computer bus for interfacing small peripheral devices like flash memory with the processor.
External_Bus_Interface
American computer scientist (born 1984)
his doctoral studies in computer science. His Master's dissertation, External-Memory Search Trees with Fast Insertions, was supervised by Bradley C. Kuszmaul
Jelani_Nelson
Computer processor contained on an integrated-circuit chip
more rapidly than external memory speed, so cache memory is necessary if the processor is not to be delayed by slower external memory. The design of some
Microprocessor
Access latency of a memory unit from RAM
will have to communicate with the external memory cells. Latency is therefore a fundamental measure of the speed of memory: the less the latency, the faster
Memory_latency
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
Ethernet medium access control units, PCI or PCI Express controllers, and external memory controllers. These cores exist alongside the programmable fabric, but
Field-programmable_gate_array
Computer system with a dedicated function
microprocessors with integrated memory and peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors (using external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits)
Embedded_system
AI research laboratory
introduced neural Turing machines (neural networks that can access external memory like a conventional Turing machine). The company has created many neural
Google_DeepMind
Obsolete type of non-volatile computer memory
Bubble memory is a type of non-volatile computer memory that uses a thin film of a magnetic material to hold small magnetized areas, known as bubbles or
Bubble_memory
Form of computer data storage
have a memory hierarchy consisting of processor registers, on-die SRAM caches, external caches, DRAM, memory paging systems and virtual memory or swap
Random-access_memory
Line of single-chip microprocessors from Microchip Technology
general, there is no provision for storing code in external memory due to the lack of an external memory interface. The exceptions are PIC17 and select high
PIC_microcontrollers
while providing the block-oriented storage of a B-tree for optimizing external memory accesses. Much like the k-d tree, a K-D-B-tree organizes points in
K-D-B-tree
Component that stores information
located in computer memory. The terms memory, main memory, and primary storage are also used for computer memory. Computer memory is often referred to
Computer_memory
Tree data structure
dominate the running time of a data structure, the time-complexity of external memory algorithms is dominated by the number of read/writes a data structure
Fractal_tree_index
Recovery of evidence from mobile devices
smartphone 'apps'. Nowadays mostly flash memory consisting of NAND or NOR types are used for mobile devices. External memory devices are SIM cards, SD cards (commonly
Mobile_device_forensics
Central computer component that executes instructions
input/output (I/O) operations. This role contrasts with that of external components, such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized coprocessors such as
Central_processing_unit
Cell phone released in 2006-2007
still image capture. Storage: 20 MB internal memory, MicroSD slot allows for up to 2 GB external memory Audio Playback: Supports MP3, AAC, and AAC+ Connectivity:
Motorola_Krzr
Reference to a specific memory location
99,999. In practice, the CPU supported 20,000 memory locations, and up to two optional external memory units could be added, each supporting 20,000 addresses
Memory_address
Hybrid RISC digital signal processor
Blackfin uses a byte-addressable, flat memory map. Internal L1 memory, internal L2 memory, external memory and all memory-mapped control registers reside in
Blackfin
Data storage device
the external memory controller to be shut down to save energy. It is used in a few game consoles such as the Wii. SRAM (Static random-access memory) –
Semiconductor_memory
Electro-mechanical data storage device
produced in large volume, like mobile phones and tablets, rely on flash memory storage devices. More than 224 companies have produced HDDs historically
Hard_disk_drive
Data transfer channel connecting parts of a computer
high-speed internal connections and Universal Serial Bus (USB) for connecting external devices. Modern buses utilize both parallel and serial communication, employing
Bus_(computing)
8-bit microcontroller family
internal program and RAM (1 to 768 bytes) or an external memory of up to 64 kilobytes. With external memory, B and C are used as address and data bus. In
Motorola_68HC11
Computer programming paradigm
and optimal local on-chip memory reuse is attempted, in order to minimize the loss in bandwidth, associated with external memory interaction. Uniform streaming
Stream_processing
Techniques employed to give access to more than 640 kibibytes
cache or external memory accesses. This was necessary since the 80486 introduced an on-chip cache, and therefore masking this bit in external logic was
DOS_memory_management
Dynamic random-access memory included in a processor chip or package
is higher when compared to equivalent standalone DRAM chips used as external memory, but the performance advantages of placing eDRAM onto the same chip
EDRAM
ARM Cortex-M based Microcontrollers by STMicroelectronics
random number generator (RNG) engine. Larger IC packages add 8/16-bit external memory bus capabilities. The STM32F2x7 models add Ethernet MAC, camera interface
STM32
components of a sensor node usually involve a microcontroller, transceiver, external memory, power source and one or more sensors. Sensors are used by wireless
Sensor_node
Hardware required to use a video game console or to enrich a game's play experience
consoles relied on external memory cards, modern systems typically feature internal storage (HDDs or SSDs), often requiring external hard drives or expansion
Video_game_accessory
Process for preserving information in DRAM
charges in the memory cells leak away, so without being refreshed, the stored data would eventually be lost. To prevent this, external circuitry periodically
Memory_refresh
table provides summary of comparison of various flash memory cards, as of 2025[update]. Of memory cards (i.e. intended as such, to use e.g. internally)
Comparison_of_memory_cards
8-bit microprocessor
to memory. For example, the 14-bit address, which can access "16 K × 8 bits of memory", needs to be latched by some of this logic into an external memory
Intel_8008
state is a delay experienced by a computer processor when accessing external memory or another device that is slow to respond. Computer microprocessors
Wait_state
Maximum amount of RAM accessible by a computer
shared between RAM, peripherals, and read-only memory. In the case of a microcontroller with no external RAM, the size of the RAM array is limited by the
RAM_limit
Compressed data structure for pattern matching
array in external-memory has been demonstrated. There are several open source implementations of compressed suffix arrays available (see External links below)
Compressed_suffix_array
Type of recurrent neural network
network controller coupled to external memory resources, which it interacts with through attentional mechanisms. The memory interactions are differentiable
Neural_Turing_machine
Polish-American computer scientist
Clarifying Misconceptions". KDnuggets. "Augmenting neural networks with external memory using reinforcement learning". US Patents. Zaremba, Wojciech; Sutskever
Wojciech_Zaremba
Tree containing all suffixes of a given text
constructing both suffix trees and suffix arrays, for example, in external memory, compressed, succinct, etc. The suffix tree for the string S {\displaystyle
Suffix_tree
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
externally accessible address buses. NOR memory has an external address bus for reading and programming. For NOR memory, reading and programming are random-access
Flash_memory
16-bit microprocessor
processor can be paused with the address bus tri-stated for external direct memory access (DMA). Memory accesses are always 16 bits wide, with the CPU automatically
TMS9900
Mathematical model describing how an output of a function is computed given an input
machines Random-access machines Turing machines Decision tree model External memory model Functional models include: Abstract rewriting systems Combinatory
Model_of_computation
Electrical component for processing data
component (digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. The term is frequently used to
Processor_(computing)
Concept in memory management
is a part of memory management in which multiple adjacent free blocks of computer memory or cache are merged. Coalescing reduces external fragmentation
Coalescing_(computer_science)
Dynamic memory allocation method
behavior on real-time systems by avoiding out of memory errors. Fixed-size blocks eliminate the problem of external fragmentation -- little slivers of free space
Memory_pool
Topics referred to by the same term
Bengal Fire Service, India .wbfs, a file format for storing Wii ROMs on external memory WBF (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated
WBFS
also References External links data cache (D-cache) A cache in a CPU or GPU servicing data load and store requests, mirroring main memory (or VRAM for a
Glossary of computer hardware terms
Glossary_of_computer_hardware_terms
Hardware that translates virtual addresses to physical addresses
effect known as external fragmentation. This occurs when memory allocations are released but are non-contiguous. In this case, enough memory may be available
Memory_management_unit
Self-correcting computer data storage
Many ECC memory systems use an "external" EDAC circuit between the CPU and the memory. A few systems with ECC memory use both internal and external EDAC systems;
ECC_memory
Series of graphing calculators
expandable via special RAM (memory expansion) and ROM (software application) cards. In particular, the GX models have more onboard memory than the G models. The
HP_48_series
36-bit computer by Digital (1966–1983)
DECsystem-10) models (1080, 1088, etc.) use the original PDP-10 memory bus, with external memory modules. Module in this context meant a cabinet, dimensions
PDP-10
Home video game console
blocks with a 64-bit data path to external memory devices, and is capable of a very high data transfer rate into external dynamic RAM. The Atari Jaguar has
Atari_Jaguar
Canadian psychologist
extensive capacities for external storage and retrieval of information. Donald suggests that the increasing reliance on external memory media in this third
Merlin_Donald
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
(L2), is checked, and so on, before accessing external memory. As the latency difference between main memory and the fastest cache has become larger, some
CPU_cache
Cognitive disorder where memory is disturbed or lost
These may include structured routines, memory training exercises, emotional support, and the use of external memory aids. Cognitive strategies that focus
Amnesia
Physical components of a computer
(CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a
Computer_hardware
Second generation of double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory
the DDR2 internal clock runs at half the DDR external clock rate, DDR2 memory operating at the same external data bus clock rate as DDR results in DDR2
DDR2_SDRAM
First electronic general-purpose digital computer
system to store memory in its inception, these punch cards could be used for external memory storage. In 1953, a 100-word magnetic-core memory built by the
ENIAC
Micro-electronic component
processors in a single package. However, such x86 processors still require external memory and storage chips. An SoC consists of hardware functional units, including
System_on_a_chip
Line of personal digital assistants and mobile phones
but ultimately, this capability gave way to external memory slots and firmware-upgradable flash memory after the Palm III series. The next couple of
Palm_(PDA)
Computer algorithm
The buddy memory allocation technique is a memory allocation algorithm that divides memory into partitions to try to satisfy a memory request as suitably
Buddy_memory_allocation
Class of artificial neural network
method of extending recurrent neural networks by coupling them to external memory resources with which they interact. The combined system is analogous
Recurrent_neural_network
Psychological occurrence
to any "external" information being provided before or after the interpretation. This subsequent set of information can reconstruct the memory. The retrieval
False_memory
Cartridge containing flash memory developed for use in video game consoles
onboard flash memory on the cartridge, although newer cartridges usually use external memory cards as storage in place of onboard memory, such as Compact
Flash_cartridge
Property of an algorithm
is important for I/O bound computing tasks. External space: space needed on a disk or other external memory device; this could be for temporary storage
Algorithmic_efficiency
Line of Apple tablet computers (2015–present)
SD card support allows user to transfer and save files to and from external memory storage devices. Third-party developers have taken advantage of the
IPad_Pro
Chinese fabless semiconductor company
RK3126, also to be introduced in Q4 2014, that features more integrated external interfaces, including CVBS, HDMI, Ethernet MAC, S/PDIF, Audio DAC, and
Rockchip
Samsung smartphone
GPU – Adreno 506 Memory RAM/ROM sizes – 3 GB RAM with 32 GB ROM or 4 GB RAM with 64 GB ROM External memory support – Yes External memory maximum capacity
Samsung_Galaxy_A20s
Digital camera model
selectable, allowing the user to save pictures to either the internal or external memory by ejecting the card. The camera has an eight-function click-wheel
Nikon_Coolpix_4600
Form of collective memory defined by shared experiences and culture
of Remembrance De-commemoration Every Second Counts (video contest) External memory (psychology) Genocide denial Hauntology Historical negationism Holocaust
National_memory
Programmable logic device design software by Intel
verification capabilities of MATLAB/Simulink system-level design tools External memory interface toolkit, which identifies calibration issues and measures
Quartus_Prime
16-bit microcontroller
DMA channels, and external chip select lines. It was used in numerous embedded systems, as microcontrollers with external memory. The initial clock rate
Intel_80186
to maximize memory. However, the situated approach relies on external memory aids and environmental cues. Another approach to human memory augmentation
Memory_augmentation
Family of 8-bit microcontrollers
byte. The MCS-48 can address 4096 bytes of program memory, 256 bytes of RAM, 256 bytes of external memory, and eight port I/O addresses. Most arithmetic and
Intel_MCS-48
Family of microcontrollers
need for external memory in most applications. Some devices have a parallel external bus option to allow adding additional data memory or memory-mapped
AVR_microcontrollers
Digital music workstation
effect or two effects in parallel or cascade mode. The SY85's internal voice memory holds 256 voices in four 64 slot banks. These can be played individually
Yamaha_SY85
Search algorithm finding the position of a target value within a sorted array
sorted arrays. Binary search trees lend themselves to fast searching in external memory stored in hard disks, as binary search trees can be efficiently structured
Binary_search
8-bit microprocessor
design of the ROM cartridge slot, which only allows for 4 KB of the external memory to be addressed. The other 4 KB is reserved for the internal RAM and
MOS_Technology_6507
Inability to remember important information because of the ease of looking online
has also raised concerns that offloading memory to external stores may leave individuals vulnerable to memory manipulation, as Risko and colleagues found
Google_effect
EXTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY
Boy/Male
Tamil
Eternal
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nabhanyu | நபாநà¯à®¯à¯
Eternal
Nabhanyu | நபாநà¯à®¯à¯
Girl/Female
Tamil
Eternal
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Eternal
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Outside external
Boy/Male
Hindu
Eternal
Girl/Female
Tamil
Saswaty | ஸஸà¯à®µà®¤à¯à®¯Â
Eternal
Saswaty | ஸஸà¯à®µà®¤à¯à®¯Â
Boy/Male
Arabic American Egyptian Muslim
Eternal.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
External
Boy/Male
Muslim
Eternal
Girl/Female
Tamil
Nithyadevi | நீதà¯à®¯à®¤à¯‡à®µà¯€Â
Eternal
Nithyadevi | நீதà¯à®¯à®¤à¯‡à®µà¯€Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Eternal
Girl/Female
Arabic Muslim
Eternal.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Eternal
Girl/Female
Hindu
Eternal
Boy/Male
Tamil
Eternal
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Eternal
Boy/Male
Tamil
Eternal
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
External; Outside
Boy/Male
Hindi
Eternal.
EXTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
God of Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Hindu
Courges
Girl/Female
Polish
God is gracious'.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Goddess Parvati
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of numerous places called Ashfield, as for example in Nottinghamshire and Suffolk; these are named from Old English æsc ash + feld ‘open country’.
Female
Hebrew
 Variant spelling of Hebrew Basya, BASIA means "daughter of God."
Boy/Male
Muslim
One who walks too much
Girl/Female
Muslim
Name of a sahabiyah ra
Girl/Female
Tamil
EXTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY
a.
Internal; inward; -- opposed to external.
a.
Of or pertaining to a mother; becoming to a mother; motherly; as, maternal love; maternal tenderness.
a.
Possessing knowledge, whether by internal, conscious experience or by external observation; cognizant; aware; sensible.
a.
Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom.
n.
The point where two converging lines meet; an angle, either external or internal.
n.
A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments.
a.
External; outward; not inherent.
a.
Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body.
a.
Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care.
n.
The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals.
a.
Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal estate.
a.
Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the sternum.
n.
Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural.
a.
Eternal; everlasting.
adv.
In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in appearance; visibly.
n.
A very slight convulsive or spasmodic contraction of certain muscles, external or internal.
a.
Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; as, the internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures.
a.
Situated between the external and internal carotid arteries; as, an intercarotid ganglion.
a.
Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a country) domestic, as opposed to foreign; as, internal trade; internal troubles or war.
a.
Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the earth.