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Class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data
External sorting is a class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data. External sorting is required when the data being sorted do not
External_sorting
Algorithm that arranges lists in order
sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output. Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm
Sorting_algorithm
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
1961. It is still a commonly used algorithm for sorting. Overall, it is slightly faster than merge sort and heapsort for randomized data, particularly
Quicksort
Algorithms for processing data too large to fit into a computer's main memory at once
asymptotically optimal. External sorting is sorting in an external memory setting. External sorting can be done via distribution sort, which is similar to
External_memory_algorithm
Topics referred to by the same term
sort, the process of sorting data entirely in main storage External sort, the process of sorting data too large to fit in main storage Mainframe sort
Sort
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
Merge sort (also commonly spelled as mergesort or merge-sort) is an efficient, general-purpose, comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations
Merge_sort
Sequence merge algorithm in computer science
merge is also an external sorting algorithm. A 2-way merge, or a binary merge, has been studied extensively due to its key role in merge sort. An example of
K-way_merge_algorithm
internal sort is any data sorting process that takes place entirely within the main memory of a computer. This is possible whenever the data to be sorted is
Internal_sort
Computational task of sorting whole numbers
integer sorting is the algorithmic problem of sorting a collection of data values by integer keys. Algorithms designed for integer sorting may also often
Integer_sorting
Algorithm used in relational databases
order. This can be achieved via an explicit sort operation (often an external sort), or by taking advantage of a pre-existing ordering in one or both of
Sort-merge_join
Associative array for storing key–value pairs
CRC Press. pp. 2–6. ISBN 0849326494. Lech Banachowski. "Indexes and external sorting". pl:Polsko-Japońska Akademia Technik Komputerowych. Archived from
Hash_table
Sorting algorithm
quadratic sorting algorithms (sorting algorithms with a simple average-case of Θ(n2)), selection sort almost always outperforms bubble sort and gnome sort. Insertion
Selection_sort
Type of computer algorithm
primarily used for external sorting, and is more efficient than an ordinary merge sort when there are fewer than eight external working files (such as a
Polyphase_merge_sort
Automated sorting of solid products using cameras or lasers
Optical sorting (sometimes called digital sorting) is the automated process of sorting solid products using cameras and/or lasers. Depending on the types
Optical_sorting
Sorting algorithm using the heap data structure
git/tree/lib/sort.c#n205 Linux kernel source Maus, Arne [in Norwegian] (14 May 2014). "Sorting by generating the sorting permutation, and the
Heapsort
queue is external sorting. In an external sort, there are more elements than can be held in the computer's memory. The elements to be sorted are initially
Double-ended_priority_queue
Process of separating populations of cells
obtained after sorting can be used for a variety of applications including research, diagnosis, and therapy. Methods of cell sorting fall into two major
Cell_sorting
Sorting algorithm
Tournament sort is a variation of heapsort. Tournament replacement selection sorts are used to gather the initial runs for external sorting algorithms
Tournament_sort
Western-style equestrian sport
sorting with one, two or three riders on the team, but all require sorting the cattle from one pen to the other in the correct order. Ranch sorting and
Ranch_sorting
Philosophical terms
Internalism and externalism are two opposite ways of integrating and explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy. These include human motivation
Internalism_and_externalism
Trinidadian rapper and singer-songwriter (born 1982)
Minaj Finally Responds to Jennifer Hough's Witness-Intimidation Lawsuit—Sort Of". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved
Nicki_Minaj
Concept in philosophy
Sortal is a concept used by some philosophers in discussing issues of identity, persistence, and change. Sortal terms are considered a species of general
Sortal
Efficient sorting algorithm that combines insert and merge operations
Block sort, or block merge sort, is a sorting algorithm combining at least two merge operations with an insertion sort to arrive at O(n log n) (see Big
Block_sort
Comparison-based sorting algorithm
The cache-oblivious distribution sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm. It is similar to quicksort, but it is a cache-oblivious algorithm, designed
Cache-oblivious distribution sort
Cache-oblivious_distribution_sort
insinuates that social sorting through surveillance is a modern threat to freedom[citation needed]. Byproducts of social sorting are isolation, segregation
Social_sorting
Algorithm that combines multiple sorted lists into one
various sorting algorithms, most famously merge sort. The merge algorithm plays a critical role in the merge sort algorithm, a comparison-based sorting algorithm
Merge_algorithm
Computer science data structure
merge many already-sorted input streams into a single sorted output stream. Examples of the need for merging include external sorting and streaming results
Heap_(data_structure)
Impacts of car use
The externalities of automobiles, similar to other economic externalities, represent the measurable costs imposed on those who do not own the vehicle
Externalities_of_cars
Computer program
the amount of data to be sorted was frequently very large. Because of this, unlike more recent sorting programs, early Sort/Merge programs placed great
Mainframe_sort_merge
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
force." In 1970, Robert Markus argued that, for Augustine, a degree of external pressure being brought for the purpose of reform was compatible with the
Augustine_of_Hippo
to be sorted manually or using mail sorting machines. To improve mechanised sorting, each address now has a sorting number which is printed on the letter
Postcodes_in_Australia
Ability to switch thinking about two concepts
task, the Dimensional Change Card Sorting Task, the Multiple Classification Card Sorting Task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, and the Stroop Test. Functional
Cognitive_flexibility
Country in South Asia
began a third period, forcing policymakers to re-evaluate the nation's external strategy in a newly unipolar world. The fourth and current phase began
India
American multinational technology conglomerate
Journal reported that Microsoft's board of directors plans to hire an external law firm to review its sexual harassment and gender discrimination policies
Microsoft
Italian Dominican friar and philosopher (1225–1274)
this time, the Roman Province had offered no specialized education of any sort, no arts, no philosophy; only simple convent schools, with their basic courses
Thomas_Aquinas
English writer and philologist (1892–1973)
in which post he remained until his retirement in 1959. He served as an external examiner for University College, Galway (now the University of Galway)
J._R._R._Tolkien
I/O-efficient algorithm regardless of cache size
results of these small, solved problems. Like external sorting in the external memory model, cache-oblivious sorting is possible in two variants: funnelsort
Cache-oblivious_algorithm
Island country in South Asia
sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen II accepted British influence over Maldivian external relations and defence while retaining home rule, which continued to be
Maldives
Island country in Southeast Asia
in Malaya and Singapore, the island became a global centre for rubber sorting and export. Singapore was not greatly affected by the First World War (1914–1918)
Singapore
American actress (born 1980)
him yet, but I sort of took a leap of faith and set things up with Fox and then called Joss. We went to a four-hour lunch where I just sort of used my womanly
Eliza_Dushku
Philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge or certainty
approach that subjects all knowledge claims to scrutiny with the goal of sorting out true from false claims.[citation needed] Similarly, scientific skepticism
Philosophical_skepticism
American businessman and philanthropist (born 1955)
until his resignation in 2014. Gates devised an algorithm for pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved problems presented in a combinatorics
Bill_Gates
American television series (1999–present)
the trial related to the prosecution of Donald Trump in New York. During external filming in Fort Tryon Park in 2024, it was reported that a young girl looking
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit
American superhero media franchise
Marvel.com Marvel Cinematic Universe on Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki, an external wiki Marvel Cinematic Universe on Marvel Database, a Marvel Comics wiki
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
people, and believes that change in the university system will require external pressure before any internal willingness to adapt can arise, something
Peter_Thiel
English novelist (1775–1817)
to maintain the conceit that the female writer was only publishing as a sort of part-time job, and was not seeking to become a "literary lioness" (i.e
Jane_Austen
American author (born 1947)
considered amputating his leg but stabilized the bones in the leg with an external fixator. After five operations in 10 days and physical therapy, King resumed
Stephen_King
Star at the centre of the Solar System
toroidal and poloidal solar magnetic fields. At solar-cycle maximum, the external poloidal dipolar magnetic field is near its dynamo-cycle minimum strength;
Sun
American actress (born 1983)
Amanda (July 20, 2012). "Actual Couples Explore a Fantasy, the Aesthetic Sort". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved
Zoe_Kazan
American sci-fi TV series (1966–1969)
"Original camera negatives" were used for all live-action footage, but not for external shots of the ship and planets. Notable changes include new space shots
Star Trek: The Original Series
Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series
Economic system based on private ownership
practices that seek to preserve humanity and the planet, while reducing externalities and bearing a resemblance of capitalist economic policy. A capitalistic
Capitalism
Messaging and VoIP service owned by Meta
for Android Gets 'Swipe to Reply' Gesture Support; Ability to Download External Sticker Packs Tipped". NDTV. Archived from the original on October 7, 2018
Country in West Africa
in February 2006. The Paris Club and bilateral creditors have eased the external debt situation, with Benin benefiting from a G8 debt reduction announced
Benin
CIA program involving illegal experimentation on human test subjects (1953–1972)
they fall unto the sea of morning creep-very-softly mist [...] and then sort of cascade tinkley-bell-like (must I take you by the hand, ever so slowly
MKUltra
American author, journalist, and social activist (1876–1916)
(in Lost Face – 1910). The 1902 version may be found at the following external link: To Build a Fire (The Jean and Charles Schulz Information Center,
Jack_London
Tradesperson working with machinery
the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2026. For the other sort: it is well knowne, they are for the most part, ignorant and mechanick people
Mechanic
American author and cartoonist (1904–1991)
Fish. Geisel's illustrations often convey motion vividly. He was fond of a sort of "voilà" gesture in which the hand flips outward and the fingers spread
Dr._Seuss
Country in West Asia
ownership. Waste management in Armenia is underdeveloped, as no waste sorting or recycling takes place at Armenia's 60 landfills. A waste processing
Armenia
almondine, is a culinary term indicating a garnish of almonds. Dishes of this sort are usually cooked with butter and seasonings, then sprinkled with whole
Amandine_(garnish)
American actress, model, and singer (born 1993)
Control" de Joy Division". ABC News. Retrieved April 9, 2024. "Ed Sheeran sort son hit "Shivers": découvrez sa romance féérique avec AnnaSophia Robb". NRJ
AnnaSophia_Robb
American actress (born 1945)
well-being". The Hawn Foundation has supported research studies conducted by external researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of its educational program for
Goldie_Hawn
Algorithm made by combining other algorithms which solve the same problem
algorithms are distribution sorts, particularly used for external sorting, which divide the data into separate subsets, sort the subsets, and then combine
Hybrid_algorithm
Economic-political theory
The Tiebout model, also known as Tiebout sorting, Tiebout migration, or Tiebout hypothesis, is a positive political theory model first described by economist
Tiebout_model
Country in Central Europe
európskych záležitostí) is responsible for maintaining the Slovak Republic's external relations and the management of its international diplomatic missions.
Slovakia
Jewish nationalist movement
Europe eventually provided Zionism with a base of Jews seeking to overcome external ostracism from the Tsarist regime and internal changes within the Jewish
Zionism
Russian novelist and philosopher (1821–1881)
and the people should form a unity: "For the people, the tsar is not an external power, not the power of some conqueror [...] but a power of all the people
Fyodor_Dostoevsky
British actor and filmmaker (born 1960)
something equally difficult. He has taken a Shakespearean romantic comedy, the sort of thing that usually turns to mush on the screen, and made a movie that
Kenneth_Branagh
Kenyan economist (1934–1982)
this basketball fanatic. And he took me to my first jazz concert and it was sort of shortly thereafter that I became really interested in jazz and music.
Barack_Obama_Sr.
American actor and filmmaker (born 1946)
guidance counselor once told Stallone's mother: "Your son is suited to run a sorting machine or to be an assistant electrician, primarily in the area of elevator
Sylvester_Stallone
Election of Joe Biden
delivering mail, and dismantling and removing hundreds of high-speed mail sorting machines from postal centers. On August 18, after the House of Representatives
2020 United States presidential election
2020_United_States_presidential_election
American actress and director (born 1981)
'This is it! This is my religion.' I had never felt a connection to any sort of spirituality before that. It was very basic–you're responsible for the
Bryce_Dallas_Howard
Country in Western Europe
that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force", and 22% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force". Luxembourg's
Luxembourg
Islamist movement and militant group based in Lebanon
counterintelligence service is divided into Amn al-Muddad, responsible for "external" or "encounter" security; and Amn al-Hizb, which protects the organisation's
Hezbollah
Swedish actor (born 1976)
10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024. Jackson Weaver, "BlackBerry, Sort Of, Little Bird dominate Canadian Screen Award nominations" Archived 8 April
Alexander_Skarsgård
Country in North America
emissions by 35% by 2030, with an increased target of 40% conditional upon external support. The country aims to cut black carbon emissions by 51% unconditionally
Mexico
Data item stored in a browser by a website
one shown in the address bar. This sort of cookie typically appears when web pages feature content from external websites, such as banner advertisements
HTTP_cookie
Yugoslav and Serbian politician (1941–2006)
November 1988, he spoke of Serbia as facing battles against both internal and external enemies. In Vojvodina, a mob of pro-Milošević demonstrators that included
Slobodan_Milošević
Application layer protocol
clients without a globally routable address, by relaying messages with external servers. To allow intermediate HTTP nodes (proxy servers, web caches, etc
HTTP
Enclosed area designated for railways
and then are propelled by gravity to various sorting tracks. In the case of all classification or sorting yards, human intelligence plays a primary role
Rail_yard
1791 amendment protecting the right to keep and bear arms
clause is neither internal nor conditional; instead, it's temporal and external, meaning the opening words introduce its context and purpose." The comma
Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Country in Southeastern Europe
purges, extensive repression, instances of betrayal, and hostility to external influences. Any form of opposition or resistance to his rule was met with
Albania
Canadian and American actor and musician (born 1952)
to have seen through Ottawa in the late '50s, well I guess more late '60s sort of, in around the Newport jazz rediscovery. I was going to Le Hibou and hearing
Dan_Aykroyd
Email service provided by Google
routed through Google's secure proxy servers rather than the original external host servers. MarketingLand noted that the change to image handling means
Gmail
English singer-songwriter (born 1977)
catalogue I know by heart. The first song on The Unforgettable Fire, "A Sort of Homecoming", I know backward and forward—it's so rousing, brilliant, and
Chris_Martin
Postal service company in the United Kingdom
letter sorting machines (ILSMs) in the UK, which were installed in the mid-1980s and early 1990s to improve the speed and efficiency of sorting and delivering
Royal_Mail
Checking software against expectations
interactions with the external component, and then replaying the recorded interactions as a substitute for communicating with the external system on subsequent
Software_testing
American actor (born 1974)
on UK tour". Uncut. Retrieved August 24, 2025. "Shannon Family History". SortedByName.com. February 14, 2020. Kaufman, Joanne (June 20, 2014). "Michael
Michael_Shannon
Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (1875–1961)
may hate (or love) in another may manifest in those who do not see the external, material truth. This projection can result in prejudice towards certain
Carl_Jung
Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link
low power to equipment on the aircraft, which relays communications to external networks. Such technology has enabled some airlines to offer in-flight
Mobile_phone
Nazi concentration camp in Poland (1940–1945)
Designated as Aussenlager (external camp), Nebenlager (extension camp), Arbeitslager (labor camp), or Aussenkommando (external work detail), camps were
Auschwitz_concentration_camp
Country in Southern and Western Europe
auto-parts manufactured in Spain were exported worldwide in 2023; the total external trade surplus of vehicles alone reached €18.8bn in 2023. Overall, the automotive
Spain
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
Hong Kong, and the French lease of Guangzhouwan. In the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform in 1898
Qing_dynasty
American actor, author and activist (born 1937)
"unexceptional though often affecting"; Deadline called it "a triumph of a rare sort, shedding light in a dark corner of our history with uncommon generosity
George_Takei
Country in East Asia
According to U.S. reports and refugee testimonies, all North Koreans are sorted into groups according to their Songbun, an ascribed status system based
North_Korea
American actor (born 1984)
Amanda (July 20, 2012). "Actual Couples Explore a Fantasy, the Aesthetic Sort". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved
Paul_Dano
English actress and model (born 1979)
In 2000, Brook made her full-screen debut with a minor role in the film Sorted. Shortly after that, she appeared in the film Ripper. She played the girlfriend
Kelly_Brook
Warner Bros. media franchise
featuring teenage detectives solving mysteries with a pet or mascot of some sort, including Josie and the Pussycats (1970–71), The Funky Phantom (1971–72)
Scooby-Doo
President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979
by two members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations and two members of the German Revolutionäre Zellen to land at
Idi_Amin
American diplomat and politician (1923–2023)
nationalization of some American-owned property, led to the U.S. exerting external pressure over his government. On June 11, 1971, Nixon and Kissinger discussed
Henry_Kissinger
2001 film by Peter Jackson
scheduling conflict with Jurassic Park III. Before being cast, McKellen had to sort his schedule with 20th Century Fox as there was a two-month overlap with
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring
travel, tourism, insurance
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