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Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and
Cellular_component
Basic unit of life forms
mechanosensation. Each cilium may be "viewed as a sensory cellular antennae that coordinates a large number of cellular signaling pathways, sometimes coupling the signaling
Cell_(biology)
Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
followed by a cellular phase involving immune cells (more specifically myeloid granulocytes in the acute setting). The vascular component of acute inflammation
Inflammation
Process of cells digesting parts of themselves
dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. Although
Autophagy
Scientific theories regarding the origins and formation of cells
the term cellularization (also spelled cellularisation) has been used in theories to explain the evolution of cells from non-cellular components, for instance
Cellularization
Outermost of the three layers that make up the skin
nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air. Cellular mechanisms for regulating water and sodium levels (ENaCs) are found in
Epidermis
Separating components of a cell while preserving their functions
separate cellular components while preserving individual functions of each component. This is a method that was originally used to demonstrate the cellular location
Cell_fractionation
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
transmission of conformational change; secreted PrP lacking the anchor component is unaffected by the infectious isoform. The primary sequence of PrP is
Major_prion_protein
Trait that determines an organism's sexually reproductive function
propels it. Spermatozoa are extremely reduced cells, lacking many cellular components that would be necessary for embryonic development. They are specialized
Biological_sex
Mammalian protein found in humans
antibody Ki-67). Antigen KI-67 is a nuclear protein that is associated with cellular proliferation and ribosomal RNA transcription. Inactivation of antigen
Ki-67_(protein)
Critical protein in embryonic development
so that a high concentration of SHH results in a local inhibition of cellular proliferation. This inhibition causes the floor plate to become thin compared
Sonic_hedgehog_protein
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
AGES) and has a molecular weight of 4921 g/mol. Thymosin-β4 is a major cellular constituent in many tissues. Its intracellular concentration may reach
Thymosin_beta-4
Formation of blood cellular components
sometimes h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. In a healthy
Haematopoiesis
Peptide hormone
6-Bisphosphate in the Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism. Current Topics in Cellular Regulation. Vol. 23. pp. 57–86. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-152823-2.50006-4
Glucagon
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
fractionates the various cellular components into fractions containing soluble proteins; membrane lipids and proteins; cellular organelles, and nucleic
Protein
Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
the lifespan of mice. In eukaryotes, catalase is usually located in a cellular organelle called the peroxisome. Peroxisomes in plant cells are involved
Catalase
Spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons
spherical masses in the neuronal cytoplasm that can displace other cellular components such as the nucleus and neuromelanin. A given neuron may contain
Lewy_body
Mammalian protein found in humans
tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that are implicated in inhibition of cellular activity. CD33 can be stimulated by any molecule with sialic acid residues
CD33
This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
311–318. PMID 8586147. Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2009). Medical physiology: a cellular and molecular approach (2nd International ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide
Japanese cell biologist (born 1945)
in autophagy, the process that cells use to destroy and recycle cellular components. Ohsumi is a professor at Institute of Science Tokyo's Institute
Yoshinori_Ohsumi
Protein found in humans
Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood. It plays a central role in the
Complement_component_3
two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. The main cellular component
List_of_skin_conditions
Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms
archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals
Glutathione
Cellular component of platelets
granules, (α-granules) also known as platelet alpha-granules are a cellular component of platelets. Platelets contain different types of granules that perform
Alpha_granule
Protein produced and used by the thyroid
thyroid hormone synthesis, while the non-modified residues of Tg reenter cellular metabolic pathways. Metabolism of thyroglobulin occurs in the liver via
Thyroglobulin
Biological processes
process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus. The
Downregulation and upregulation
Downregulation_and_upregulation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and its localization to growth cones of cultured neurons". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (10): 5838–51. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.10.5838. PMC 109170. PMID 9742101
SHANK2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by the RAI2 gene. Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. The specific function of this intronless,
RAI2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIEZO1 gene. PIEZO1 is a large mechanosensitive ion
PIEZO1
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine
Cellular_respiration
Hormone that affects blood pressure / heart rate
communication between individual brain cells within this region. At a cellular level, the SCN expresses different electrical activity in circadian time
Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
metabolic regulator secreted by skeletal muscle in response to changes in cellular energy state resulting from glucose or fatty acid fluxes. Many metabolically
Erythroferrone
Mammalian protein found in humans
activity (among other factors) upregulates removal of dysfunctional cellular components via autophagy. mTOR is a key initiator of the senescence-associated
MTOR
Group of peptide hormones in mammals
PMID 29763087. Greger R, Windhorst U (1996). Comprehensive Human Physiology: From Cellular Mechanisms to Integration. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 1518. ISBN 978-3-642-60946-6
Angiotensin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
c-Myc-interacting nuclear cofactor for oncogenic transformation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (5): 1307–16. doi:10.1128/mcb.22.5.1307-1316.2002. PMC 134713
SMARCA2
Cavity within an organ
membrane-defined space that is found inside several organelles, cellular components, or structures, including thylakoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
Lumen_(anatomy)
Cell division into two identical cells
cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical
Mitosis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene for cellular function. ZXDC is a member of the zinc finger family of proteins that are crucial for the regulation of genes and cellular functions
ZXDC
Mass cytometry application to quantify labeled cell targets
interior of single cells. CyTOF allows the quantification of multiple cellular components simultaneously using an ICP-MS detector. CyTOF takes advantage of
CyTOF
Chemical compound
preferentially inhibits the activation of mast cells, an important cellular component of the atopic response. Ascomycin produces a more selective immunomodulatory
Ascomycin
Protein allowing tissue in the body to resume shape after stretching
by the ELN gene in humans and several other animals. Elastin is a key component in the extracellular matrix of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). It is
Elastin
Region(s) of a multicellular organism outside its cells
cell). According to the Gene Ontology, the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells
Extracellular_space
Protein-coding gene in humans
conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD). They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation
DDX3X
Protein found in humans
stimulated by calcium and is primarily under the control of a Cre regulatory component, suggesting a putative role for the transcription factor CREB and the
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor
Protein domain
maintain cell homeostasis. Activation of caspases ensures that the cellular components are degraded in a controlled manner, carrying out cell death with
Caspase
Protein
"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 4 (MEN4)". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 386 (1–2): 2–15. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.002. PMC 4082531
MEN1
Protein-coding gene in humans
human cells by using an Epstein-Barr virus shuttle system". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 7 (1): 379–87. doi:10.1128/mcb.7.1.379. PMC 365079. PMID 3031469
CIR1
Form of homeostatic plasticity
neuron firing an action potential. Therefore, the concentrations of extra-cellular glutamate (and other cations) and the quantity of post-synaptic AMPA receptors
Synaptic_scaling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
conserved with the yeast putative adaptors ADA2 and GCN5". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (2): 593–602. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.2.593. PMC 231038. PMID 8552087
KAT2A
Enzyme of the glycolysis metabolic pathway
In sperm, a testis-specific isoenzyme GAPDHS is expressed. Under normal cellular conditions, cytoplasmic GAPDH exists primarily as a tetramer. This form
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate_dehydrogenase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
analysis of human Tom22 for protein import into mitochondria". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (19): 7205–7213. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.19.7205-7213.2000. PMC 86274
TOMM20
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the identical serum form of the amyloid P component (AP), a 25 kDa pentameric protein first identified as the pentagonal
Serum_amyloid_P_component
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
hemoglobin. The cellular receptor target of Hp is the monocyte/macrophage scavenger receptor, CD163. Following Hb-Hp binding to CD163, cellular internalization
Haptoglobin
Protein-coding gene in humans
gene. C1r along with C1q and C1s form the C1 complex, which is the first component of the serum complement system. C1r is an enzyme that activates C1s to
Complement_component_1r
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 14 (10): 6561–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.14.10.6561. PMC 359186. PMID 7935377
TSG-6
Aspartic protease protein and enzyme
through the β1 adrenergic receptors. Human renin is secreted by at least two cellular pathways: a constitutive pathway for the secretion of the precursor prorenin
Renin
Protein-coding gene in humans
in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization". Curr. Biol. 14 (16): 1436–1450. Bibcode:2004CBio...14.1436J
CCNY_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
more alkaline duodenum intact. In the duodenum, pancreatic proteases (a component of pancreatic juice) cleave haptocorrin, releasing vitamin B12.[citation
Haptocorrin
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
Cellular differentiation, also known as cellular specification, is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one. Usually
Cellular_differentiation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dependent on the increased levels of cAMP, is responsible for the ensuing cellular response in the form of protein kinase 1 and 2. The ligand-bound glucagon
Glucagon_receptor
Enzyme found in humans
ribonuclease which, upon activation, destroys all RNA within the cell (both cellular and viral) as well as inhibiting mRNA export. RNase L is an enzyme that
Ribonuclease_L
Protein found in humans
(insulin being the main anabolic hormone in the body), IGF1 can also regulate cellular DNA synthesis. IGF1 binds to at least two cell surface receptor tyrosine
Insulin-like_growth_factor_1
Human protein
a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAU gene. This gene is the cellular homolog of the fox sequence in the Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma
40S_ribosomal_protein_S30
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein may be a target of neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptide, and may mediate cellular vulnerability to beta-amyloid peptide toxicity through a G protein-regulated
TM2_domain_containing_1
Mammalian protein found in humans
p53, also known as tumor protein p53, TP53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory transcription
P53
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
from binding their receptors, thereby regulating BMP signaling during cellular proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. Inhibition of
SOSTDC1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Subunit composition of VRAC channels determines substrate specificity and cellular resistance to Pt-based anti-cancer drugs". The EMBO Journal. 34 (24): 2993–3008
LRRC8C
Human protein
patients with these conditions. PAI-1 can induce cellular senescence. PAI-1 can also be a component of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Plasminogen_activator_inhibitor-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(December 2022). "Iron and iron-related proteins in alcohol consumers: cellular and clinical aspects". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 100 (12): 1673–1689
Hepcidin
Protein-coding gene in humans
events that maintain a dynamic reticular network. Drp1 is a fundamental component of mitochondrial fission. Indeed, Drp1 deficient neurons have large, strongly
DNM1L
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of both U2- and U12-dependent spliceosomes, and found to be essential
PRPF8
Peptide hormone
actions of insulin on the global human metabolism level include: Increase of cellular intake of certain substances, most prominently glucose in muscle and adipose
Insulin
Protein found in humans
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), or which are produced/released during cellular damage – damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are homologous
MYD88
Enzyme in human blood that degrades clots and other proteins
"The plasmin-antiplasmin system: structural and functional aspects". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 68 (5): 785–801. doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0566-5
Plasmin
Mammalian protein found in humans
trans-Golgi complex. A PCSK9-sortilin interaction is proposed to be required for cellular secretion of PCSK9. In healthy humans, plasma PCSK9 levels directly correlate
PCSK9
Fetal analogue of serum albumin
"Alpha-fetoprotein-mediated uptake of fatty acids by human T lymphocytes". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 150 (3): 456–462. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041500305. PMID 1371512
Alpha-fetoprotein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Regulation of histone acetylation and transcription by INHAT, a human cellular complex containing the set oncoprotein". Cell. 104 (1): 119–30. doi:10
HIST3H3
Mammalian protein found in humans
17 and its amplification in a gastric cancer cell line". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 6 (3): 955–958. doi:10.1128/mcb.6.3.955-958.1986. PMC 367597.
HER2
Cytokine protein
glial, capillary, synaptic, paracrine, or endocrine-like effects. At the cellular level, SP is noted to increase expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) through
Interleukin_6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lysosomal membrane reveals novel potential transporters". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 12 (6): 1572–88. doi:10.1074/mcp.M112.021980. PMC 3675815.
Transmembrane_protein_268
Any function vital to living organisms
transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism). Living things
Biological_process
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(April 2009). "SED1/MFG-E8: a bi-motif protein that orchestrates diverse cellular interactions". J. Cell. Biochem. 106 (6): 957–66. doi:10.1002/jcb.22076
MFGE8
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
role in cellular proliferation, while follistatin acts as safeguard against uncontrolled cellular proliferation and an instrument of cellular differentiation
Follistatin
in HCMV viral infected cells to enhance viral infectivity by disrupting cellular metabolism. Viperin is a radical SAM enzyme which is capable of producing
Viperin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in blood. It has been found in cell line studies involving CRISPR. On a cellular level, it is located intracellularly in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm.
WDR46
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
histone acetyltransferase complex from yeast to humans". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (5): 1884–96. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.5.1884-1896.2004. PMC 350560
Enhancer of polycomb homolog 2 (Drosophila)
Enhancer_of_polycomb_homolog_2_(Drosophila)
Protein found in humans
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene. Complement component 5 is involved in the complement system. It is cleaved
Complement_component_5
Part of a tissue or organ with a structural or connective role
classification scheme is based on tissue functions and another analyzes their cellular components. Stromal tissue falls into the "functional" class that contributes
Stroma_(tissue)
Protein found in humans
responsible for the age-related increase in CD38 expression and NAD+ decline. Cellular senescence of macrophages increases CD38 expression. Macrophages accumulate
CD38
Field of study
to infections, and more. The mucosal immune system consists of a cellular component, humoral immunity, and defense mechanisms that prevent the invasion
Mucosal_immunology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
program regulating smooth muscle cell differentiation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (7): 2425–2437. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.7.2425-2437.2003. PMC 150745
Myocardin
Mammalian protein found in humans
and rearrangement of chromosome 7 in Plasmodium chabaudi". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 9 (11): 5182–8. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.11.5182. PMC 363670. PMID 2601715
Dihydrofolate_reductase
Protein-coding gene in humans
a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component of tight junction strands. Loss of function mutations result in neonatal
CLDN1
attaches to the SMAD (protein) proteins, which is involved in mediating TGF-β cellular signalling. Consequently, LEMD3 indirectly regulates downstream genes.
LEM domain-containing protein 3
LEM_domain-containing_protein_3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Retroposition in a family of carcinoma-associated antigen genes". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 13 (3): 1507–1515. doi:10.1128/MCB.13.3.1507. PMC 359462. PMID 8382772
TACSTD2
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
Biology. 16 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2005.11.005. PMID 16325406. "Cellular component Nucleus speckle". UniProt: UniProtKB. Retrieved 30 August 2013. Gall
Cell_nucleus
Telecommunications networks transmitted by radio waves
A cellular network or mobile network is a telecommunications network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless and the network is distributed over
Cellular_network
Protein-coding gene in humans
phospholipid binding proteins: regulation of phospholipase D and other cellular components". Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 82 (1): 191–200. doi:10.1139/o03-087
PLD2
Group of six protein isoforms produced from the MAPT gene
including the crucial regulator of translation rpS6. The primary non-cellular functions of tau is to negatively regulate long-term memory and to facilitate
Tau_protein
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Surname or Lastname
German
German : from Middle High German kellaere ‘cellarman’, ‘cellar master’ (Latin cellarius, denoting the keeper of the cella ‘store chamber’, ‘pantry’). Hence an occupational name for the overseer of the stores, accounts, or household in general in, for example, a monastery or castle. Kellers were important as trusted stewards in a great household, and in some cases were promoted to ministerial rank. The surname is widespread throughout central Europe.English : either an occupational name for a maker of caps or cauls, from Middle English kellere, or an occupational name for an executioner, from Old English cwellere.Irish : reduced form of Kelleher.Scottish : variant of Keillor.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Dutch
English, German, and Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a maker of rings (from Middle English ring, Middle High German rinc, Middle Dutch ring), either to be worn as jewelry or as component parts of chain-mail, harnesses, and other objects. In part it may also have arisen as a nickname for a wearer of a ring.Scandinavian : from ring ‘ring’, probably an ornamental name but possibly applied in the same sense as 3 or 1.German : topographic name from Middle High German, Middle Low German rink, rinc ‘circle’.Irish (eastern County Cork) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Rinn (see Reen).
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Components of Puja; Worship; Offering to the Lord
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : habitational name from Lyng in Norfolk, so named from Old English hlinc ‘hillside’, or from either of two places in Norfolk and Lincolnshire named Ling, from Old Norse lyng ‘ling’, ‘heather’. There is also a Lyng in Somerset, so named from Old English lengen ‘long place’.German : variant of Link.Chinese : from a word meaning ‘ice’. In ancient times, the imperial palace was able to enjoy ice in the summer by storing winter ice in a cellar, entrusting its care to an official called the iceman. This post was once filled during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc) by a descendant of Kang Shu, the eighth son of Wen Wang, who had been granted the state of Wei soon after the establishment of the Zhou dynasty. Descendants of this particular iceman adopted the word for ice, ling, as their surname.
Girl/Female
Latin
Beautiful.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Butter 1.English : occupational name for a servant working in a wine cellar, Norman French boterie (see Buttery), with the Middle English genitive -s.German : variant of Butter 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name from clere, a component of several place names in north Hampshire (Highclere, Burghclere, Kingsclere). This is of uncertain origin, probably from a Celtic stream name meaning ‘bright’ (cognate with Latin clarus ‘clear’, ‘bright’).English and Irish : variant of Clare.Translation of German Klar 1.
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Boy/Male
Arabic
Best
Female
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish Gaelic Eithne, AITHNEA means "kernel."
Boy/Male
Hindi American Indian
The sun.
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Graceful
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dawn, Red Sky in the early morning, First rays of the Sun
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Keighley.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Remove the night and spread the light
Boy/Male
Tamil
Auspicious
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Traditional
Singing the Praises of God
Boy/Male
Indian
All comprehensive, Complete
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
n.
A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular tissue.
n.
A tumor produced by the escape of blood into the subcutaneous cellular tissue.
n.
A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones.
n.
Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.
a.
Marked with starlike spots of color.
n.
Induration of the cellular tissue.
a.
Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.
n.
Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.
n.
Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney.
n.
A swelling from effusion of watery fluid in the cellular tissue beneath the skin or mucous membrance; dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue.
a.
Cellular.
n.
Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.
a.
Having the shape or appearance of little stars; radiated.
n.
A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.
n.
Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.
n.
A small cell.
n.
Cellular slaggy lava; volcanic cinders.
n.
The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar.
n.
An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue.