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Peptide hormone
Insulin (/ˈɪn.sjʊ.lɪn/ ; from Latin insula 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin
Insulin
Form of diabetes mellitus
system destroys beta cells in the pancreas that produce the hormone insulin. Insulin is used by the body to store and convert blood sugar into energy. T1D
Type_1_diabetes
Failure of cells to respond appropriately to insulin
Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological response in which cells in insulin-sensitive tissues in the body fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin
Insulin_resistance
Group of endocrine diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels
either a reduced production of the hormone insulin by the pancreas or unresponsiveness of bodily cells to insulin's effects. Classic symptoms include the three
Diabetes
Form of diabetes mellitus
mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent
Type_2_diabetes
Decrease in blood sugar
common cause of hypoglycemia is medications used to treat diabetes such as insulin, sulfonylureas, and biguanides. Risk is greater in diabetics who have eaten
Hypoglycemia
Use of insulin protein and analogs as medical treatment
As a medication, insulin is any pharmaceutical preparation of the protein hormone insulin that is used to treat high blood glucose. Such conditions include
Insulin_(medication)
Medical condition
with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, including in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Excess insulin activates insulin and insulin-like
Acanthosis_nigricans
Long-acting insulin
Insulin glargine sold, among others, under the brand name Lantus (manufactured and marketed by Sanofi) is a long-acting modified form of medical insulin
Insulin_glargine
Drugs that lower blood glucose levels to treat diabetes
of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. Insulin is a hormone needed by cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insufficient levels of insulin due
Diabetes_medication
Medical device to administer insulin
An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous subcutaneous
Insulin_pump
Unproven alternative cancer treatment
Insulin potentiation therapy (IPT) is an unproven alternative cancer treatment using insulin as an adjunct to low-dose chemotherapy. It was promoted by
Insulin_potentiation_therapy
Psychiatric treatment
Insulin shock therapy or insulin coma therapy was a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin
Insulin_shock_therapy
Intermediate acting insulin formulation
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, also known as isophane insulin, is an intermediate-acting insulin given to help control blood sugar levels in
NPH_insulin
Cell receptor found in humans
The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase
Insulin_receptor
Protein found in humans
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in
Insulin-like_growth_factor_1
Rapid-acting insuline analog
Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is
Insulin_lispro
Insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are important ligands in the insulin response of human cells. IRS-1, for example, is an IRS protein that contains a phosphotyrosine
Insulin_receptor_substrate
Rapid-acting man-made insulin
Insulin aspart, sold under the brand name Novolog, among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is
Insulin_aspart
Hormonal disorder in women
The disorder is linked to insulin resistance, which is made worse by obesity. Insulin resistance and related excess insulin levels increase the risk of
Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome
Polyendocrine_metabolic_ovarian_syndrome
Organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates
functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. As a part of the digestive
Pancreas
Insulin as a medication is sold under many different trade names, which are listed below. A dagger symbol (†) indicates discontinued brands. Different
List of commercially available insulins
List_of_commercially_available_insulins
Short-acting insulin formulation
Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. It is used to treat type 1 diabetes, type
Regular_insulin
Ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue
Insulin icodec, sold under the brand name Awiqli, is an ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It is administered
Insulin_icodec
Autoimmune disease
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS), a rare cause of reversible autoimmune hypoglycemia also known as Hirata's disease, was first described by Hirata in
Insulin_autoimmune_syndrome
Theory that obesity is caused by excessive carbohydrate consumption
carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) posits that obesity is caused by excess consumption of carbohydrate, which then disrupts normal insulin metabolism leading
Carbohydrate–insulin_model
Medication delivery channel
An insulin port functions as a medication delivery channel directly into the subcutaneous tissue (the tissue layer located just beneath the skin). When
Insulin_port
Medical condition
increasing with age, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes are closely related to
Metabolic_syndrome
Gastrointestinal peptide hormone involved in glucose homeostasis
sugar levels in a glucose-dependent manner by enhancing the secretion of insulin. Beside the insulinotropic effects, GLP-1 has been associated with numerous
Glucagon-like_peptide-1
Medical injection device
insulin users are designed for standard U-100 insulin. The dilution of insulin is such that 1 mL of insulin fluid has 100 standard "units" of insulin
Syringe
Ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue
Insulin degludec (INN/USAN) is an ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue that was developed by Novo Nordisk under the brand name Tresiba. It is administered
Insulin_degludec
Hormone-producing glands of a body
body. In response to high blood sugar, beta cells secrete insulin, a hypoglycemic hormone. Insulin decreases blood glucose level by helping cells to take
Endocrine_system
British nurse convicted of murder (born 1990)
abnormal blood test results and skin discolouration interpreted as signs of insulin poisoning and air embolism, alleged inconsistencies in medical records
Lucy_Letby
Medical condition
infection, not taking insulin correctly, stroke and certain medications such as steroids. DKA results from a shortage of insulin; in response, the body
Diabetic_ketoacidosis
Medication used to treat diabetes
It works by decreasing glucose production in the liver, increasing the insulin sensitivity of body tissues, and increasing GDF15 secretion, which reduces
Metformin
Systems for people with disabilities
Automated insulin delivery systems are automated (or semi-automated) systems designed to assist people with insulin-requiring diabetes, by automatically
Automated insulin delivery system
Automated_insulin_delivery_system
American pharmaceutical company
Salk, and insulin. It was one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA, including Humulin (insulin medication)
Eli_Lilly_and_Company
In 1965, Chinese scientists first synthesized crystalline bovine insulin (Chinese: 人工合成结晶牛胰岛素), which was the first functional crystalline protein being
Synthetic crystalline bovine insulin
Synthetic_crystalline_bovine_insulin
Number assigned to food
The insulin index of food represents how much it elevates the concentration of insulin in the blood during the two-hour period after the food is ingested
Insulin_index
Peptide hormone
stimulate the release of insulin. Insulin allows glucose to be taken up and used by insulin-dependent tissues. Thus, glucagon and insulin are part of a feedback
Glucagon
Modified forms of synthetic insulin
An insulin analogue (also called an insulin analog) is a type of medical insulin that has been modified to alter its pharmacokinetic properties while
Insulin_analogue
Canadian medical scientist and doctor (1891–1941)
pharmacologist, orthopedist, and field surgeon. For his co-discovery of insulin and its therapeutic potential, Banting was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology
Frederick_Banting
Type of cell found in pancreatic islets
pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin. Constituting ~50–70% of cells in human islets, beta cells play
Beta_cell
Tumor of the pancreas which secretes insulin
a tumour of the pancreas that is derived from beta cells and secretes insulin. It is a rare form of a neuroendocrine tumour. Most insulinomas are benign
Insulinoma
Project to develop an open source protocol for producing insulin
The Open Insulin Project is a community of researchers and advocates working to develop an open-source protocol for producing insulin that is affordable
Open_Insulin_Project
loop gain of the insulin-glucose feedback control system. It is defined as the product of insulin sensitivity times the amount of insulin secreted in response
Disposition_index
Protein found in humans
Insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) gene. IRAP is a type
Insulin regulated aminopeptidase
Insulin_regulated_aminopeptidase
Chemical compound
receptors. GLP-1 receptors improve insulin sensitivity and increase satiety. Retatrutide has shown to increase insulin secretion. Furthermore, agonism of
Retatrutide
Line of continuous glucose monitors
provide real-time glucose readings to assist individuals with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in managing their blood sugar levels. The STS received
Dexcom_CGM
Protein found in humans
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid
Insulin_receptor_substrate_1
First person to receive an insulin injection
– 20 April 1935) was the first person to have received an injection of insulin as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. Leonard Thompson was born on Pickering
Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)
Medical condition
be hysteresis effect of insulin action, i.e., the effect of insulin is still prominent even if both plasma glucose and insulin levels were already low
Reactive_hypoglycemia
British lawyer and socialite (1926–2019)
which had left her in a temporary coma, and in 1980, when an alleged insulin overdose left her in a persistent vegetative state for the rest of her
Claus_von_Bülow
Wearable medical device
A smart insulin patch, also known as a glucose-responsive insulin patch, is a type of wearable medical device for diabetes treatment. It is a transdermal
Smart_insulin_patch
Rapid-acting insulin analogue
Insulin glulisine, sold under the brand name Apidra among others, is a rapid-acting modified form of medical insulin used for the treatment of diabetes
Insulin_glulisine
The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a metabolic index designed to quantify peripheral insulin sensitivity in humans. It was first
Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance
Metabolic_Score_for_Insulin_Resistance
Medical diagnostic procedure
An insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a medical diagnostic procedure during which insulin is injected into a patient's vein, after which blood glucose is
Insulin_tolerance_test
Medical condition
hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR) and acanthosis nigricans (AN). The symptoms of the HAIR-AN syndrome are largely due to severe insulin resistance,
HAIR-AN_syndrome
English chemist (1910–1994)
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Hodgkin also elucidated the structure of insulin in 1969 after 35 years of work. Hodgkin used the name "Dorothy Crowfoot"
Dorothy_Hodgkin
Cell receptor protein found in humans
The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor
secrete a substance (named "insulin") that metabolises carbohydrates. The first to isolate the extract used, called insulin, was Nicolae Paulescu. In 1916
History_of_diabetes
Precursor protein in humans
Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the Pancreatic Islets, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin
Proinsulin
High blood sugar levels during pregnancy
Gestational diabetes can occur during pregnancy because of insulin resistance or reduced production of insulin. Risk factors include being overweight, previously
Gestational_diabetes
Abnormal increase in insulin in the bloodstream relative to glucose
Hyperinsulinemia is a condition in which there are excess levels of insulin circulating in the blood relative to the level of glucose. While it is often
Hyperinsulinemia
Too much blood sugar, usually because of diabetes
low insulin levels (diabetes mellitus type 1) or resistance to insulin at the cellular level (diabetes mellitus type 2). Low insulin levels or insulin resistance
Hyperglycemia
Proposed legislation
The Affordable Insulin Now Act is a bill in the United States Congress intended to cap out-of-pocket insulin prices under private health insurance and
Affordable_Insulin_Now_Act
American heiress, socialite, and philanthropist (1931–2008)
by insulin overdose, but the conviction was overturned on appeal. A second trial found him not guilty, after experts opined that there was no insulin injection
Sunny_von_Bülow
Pharmaceutical compound
Insulin efsitora alfa (LY3209590) is a novel insulin analog developed by Eli Lilly for the treatment of diabetes. Its glycemic control and safety were
Insulin_efsitora_alfa
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six
IGFBP3
Medical condition
function (synonyms Gβ or, if calculated from fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose, HOMA-Beta or SPINA-GBeta) is one of the preconditions of euglycaemia
Pancreatic_beta_cell_function
Long-acting man-made insulin
review also compared the effects of insulin detemir to NPH insulin and other insulin analogues (insulin glargine, insulin degludec) in both children and adults
Insulin_detemir
Genetic disorder involving the insulin receptor
the formation of insulin receptors. As a result, affected individuals have either a decreased number of insulin receptors, or insulin receptor with greatly
Donohue_syndrome
Medical condition
SHBG is downregulated by insulin in vitro, although SHBG levels do not appear to affect insulin production. In vivo, insulin stimulates both testosterone
Pattern_hair_loss
Historical formulation of insulin as medication
Lente insulin (from Italian lento, "slow"; also called insulin zinc suspension) was an intermediate-duration insulin that is no longer used in humans.
Lente_insulin
Anti-obesity medication
Insulins and insulin analogues Fast-acting Insulin aspart Insulin glulisine Insulin lispro Short-acting Regular insulin# Long-acting Insulin detemir# Insulin
Orforglipron
Hormones regulating blood sugar levels
narrow range. This tight regulation is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises it, are the most
Blood_sugar_regulation
Drug storage and delivery device
relatively short period of time, especially insulin and insulin analogs used in the treatment of diabetes (called insulin pens). Many other medications are also
Injector_pen
Pharmaceutical drug classification
version. A10AB01 Insulin (human) A10AB02 Insulin (beef) A10AB03 Insulin (pork) A10AB04 Insulin lispro A10AB05 Insulin aspart A10AB06 Insulin glulisine A10AB30
ATC_code_A10
Method to quantify insulin resistance
The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function. It was first described under the name
Homeostatic_model_assessment
Insulin production indicator protein
peptide, or C-peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In the context of diabetes
C-peptide
Chronic disease of cats
mellitus is a chronic disease in cats whereby either insufficient insulin response or insulin resistance leads to persistently high blood glucose concentrations
Diabetes_in_cats
Anti-diabetic and anti-obesity medication
insulin resistance, with a reduction of around 8% from baseline, measured using HOMA2-IR (computed with fasting insulin). Fasting levels of insulin-like
Tirzepatide
Combination drug
Insulin icodec/semaglutide is an experimental fixed-dose combination of insulin icodec and semaglutide in development for type 2 diabetes by Novo Nordisk
Insulin_icodec/semaglutide
DNA molecules formed by human agency at a molecular level generating novel DNA sequences
recombinant insulin preparations are in widespread use. Recombinant insulin (insulin aspart) is synthesized by inserting the human insulin gene into E
Recombinant_DNA
Pharmaceutical drug
Insulin degludec/liraglutide, sold under the brand name Xultophy, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes
Insulin_degludec/liraglutide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Insulin receptor substrate 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS2 gene. This gene encodes the insulin receptor substrate 2, a cytoplasmic
Insulin_receptor_substrate_2
Powdered insulin delivered with an inhaler
Inhalable insulin is a powdered form of insulin, delivered with an inhaler into the lungs where it is absorbed. In general, inhaled insulins have been
Inhalable_insulin
Manufacturer of insulin
Eva Saxl (1921–2002) was a self-taught manufacturer of insulin and an advocate for people with Type 1 diabetes. Saxl was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia
Eva_Saxl
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IBP-1) also known as placental protein 12 (PP12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP1 gene
IGFBP1
Method for assessing insulin sensitivity
quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) is derived using the inverse of the sum of the logarithms of the fasting insulin and fasting glucose:
Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index
Quantitative_insulin_sensitivity_check_index
Medication
diabetes; its mode of action is to increase insulin secretion by the pancreas. However it requires adequate insulin synthesis as prerequisite to treat appropriately
Glimepiride
Biosynthesis of glucose molecules
gluconeogenesis in the fasted state, but insulin blocks FOXO6 upon feeding. In a condition of insulin resistance, insulin fails to block FOXO6 resulting in continued
Gluconeogenesis
Receptor proteins for insulin-like growth factors
growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R) Insulin-like growth factor Insulin-like growth factor 1 Insulin-like growth factor 2 Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein
Insulin-like growth factor receptor
Insulin-like_growth_factor_receptor
Human disease that results in excess growth of certain parts of the body
However, insulin and glucose levels should be carefully monitored as pasireotide has been associated with hyperglycemia by reducing insulin secretion
Acromegaly
Medical condition
Due to the adult onset of LADA, as well as the relative preservation of insulin secretion at diagnosis and its slower rate of progression compared to classic
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Latent_autoimmune_diabetes_in_adults
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
insulin secretion. GIP, along with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), belongs to a class of molecules referred to as incretins, which stimulate insulin
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide
Eating disorder for people with diabetes
regular use of insulin, and emotional well-being. Insulin can cause weight gain, and a person who restricts insulin may lose weight. Insulin restriction
Diabulimia
Enzyme found in humans
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) (also known as insulinase, insulin protease, or insulysin) is a large zinc-binding protease of the M16 metalloprotease
Insulin-degrading_enzyme
Combination drug
Insulin glargine/lixisenatide, sold under the brand name Soliqua among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication that combines insulin glargine and
Insulin_glargine/lixisenatide
U.S. healthcare company
specifically insulin infusion therapy. In 2006, a group of engineers recognized the need for new and improved methods of pumping insulin and incorporated
Tandem_Diabetes_Care
INSULIN
INSULIN
INSULIN
INSULIN
Girl/Female
Tamil
Girl/Female
Biblical
Liberty, anger.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Beautiful
Male
Polish
Variant spelling of Polish WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw, WÅODZISÅAW means "rules with glory."Â
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Master
Girl/Female
Tamil
Spoorthi | ஸà¯à®ªà¯‚ரதீ
Inspiration, Enthusiasm
Girl/Female
German
CountIy.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Niswarth | நிஸà¯à®µà®¾à®°à¯à®¤
No selfishness
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hilliard.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Cowdrey.
INSULIN
INSULIN
INSULIN
INSULIN
INSULIN