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Choosing not to use encryption
cryptography, null encryption (or selecting null cipher or NONE cipher) is choosing not to use encryption in a system where various encryption options are
Null_encryption
Type of subroutine in computer science
of a type conversion function labeled as a "null function": _NULLF - null function. The NULL Encryption Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec. IETF. November
Null_function
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
Proposed Standard. RFC 4785 – "Pre-Shared Key (PSK) Ciphersuites with NULL Encryption for Transport Layer Security (TLS)," Proposed Standard. RFC 5054 – "Using
Transport_Layer_Security
Simple form of encryption
A null cipher, also known as concealment cipher, is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material
Null_cipher
Secure network protocol suite
RFC 2405: The ESP DES-CBC Cipher Algorithm With Explicit IV RFC 2410: The NULL Encryption Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec RFC 2451: The ESP CBC-Mode Cipher
IPsec
Set of cryptographic protocols
Security (TLS)". RFC 4785: "Pre-Shared Key (PSK) Ciphersuites with NULL Encryption for Transport Layer Security (TLS)". RFC 5487: "Pre-Shared Key Cipher
TLS-PSK
List of humorous technical standards proposals
regular day. RFC 2410 – "The NULL Encryption Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec," Proposed Standard. Introducing the NULL encryption algorithm, mathematically
April Fools' Day Request for Comments
April_Fools'_Day_Request_for_Comments
Security profile for Real-time Transport Protocol
encryption outright, using the so-called null encryption cipher, which can be assumed as an alternate supported cipher. In fact, the null encryption cipher
Secure Real-time Transport Protocol
Secure_Real-time_Transport_Protocol
Cryptographic algorithm
cards numbered 1 through 52, and the jokers numbered 53 and 54.) To begin encryption or decryption, arrange the deck of cards face-up in an order previously
Solitaire_(cipher)
Cryptography algorithm
require that the final block be padded before encryption. Several padding schemes exist. The simplest is to add null bytes to the plaintext to bring its length
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Simple and widely known encryption technique
A Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each
Caesar_cipher
Method of encryption
transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition) without changing
Transposition_cipher
Polyalphabetic substitution encryption and decryption system
The small letter a resulting from the encipherment of the number 2 is a null and must be discarded in the decipherment. After enciphering a few letters
Alberti_cipher
German cipher machine during World War II
positions, although it did not move during encryption. In the Abwehr Enigma, the reflector stepped during encryption in a manner similar to the other wheels
Enigma_machine
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
and so on. Traditionally spaces and punctuation are removed prior to encryption and reintroduced afterwards. In this example the tenth letter of the plaintext
Vigenère_cipher
Encryption technique
The one-time pad (OTP), also known as the Vernam cipher, is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked in cryptography. It requires the use of a single-use
One-time_pad
Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard
plaintext blocks of 16 bytes. Encryption of shorter blocks is possible only by padding the source bytes, usually with null bytes. This can be accomplished
AES_implementations
Data serialization format
for data objects in the form of Merkle DAGs. CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) is a binary format for authenticated and/or encrypted CBOR data
CBOR
Process in which digital operating systems attempt to encrypt communications channels
opportunistic encryption with IPsec. Version 3.16, which was released in December 2015, had support for Opportunistic IPsec using AUTH-NULL which is based
Opportunistic_encryption
Type of transposition cipher
of transposition cipher. It derives its name from the manner in which encryption is performed, in analogy to a fence built with horizontal rails. In the
Rail_fence_cipher
Substitution cipher
key. If multiple collating orders are available, which one was used in encryption can be used as a key, but this does not provide significantly more security
Atbash
Disused cipher that was used historically
"Panel at East end of Chapel slides". A dot or pinprick null cipher is a common classical encryption method in which dot or pinprick is placed above or below
Classical_cipher
Scheme often used with RSA encryption
requiring encryption), PS is a byte string of k − m L e n − 2 ⋅ h L e n − 2 {\displaystyle k-\mathrm {mLen} -2\cdot \mathrm {hLen} -2} null-bytes. ⊕ is
Optimal asymmetric encryption padding
Optimal_asymmetric_encryption_padding
Type of substitution cipher
corresponds to into another integer that correspond to a ciphertext letter. The encryption function for a single letter is E ( x ) = ( a x + b ) mod m {\displaystyle
Affine_cipher
Manually operated symmetric encryption cipher
of cryptography, the Nihilist cipher is a manually operated symmetric encryption cipher, originally used by Russian Nihilists in the 1880s to organize
Nihilist_cipher
Simple encryption method
ROT26: equivalent to no encryption at all. 2ROT13 was included in a spoof academic paper entitled "On the 2ROT13 Encryption Algorithm". triple-ROT13:
ROT13
Early block substitution cipher
or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme
Playfair_cipher
Substitution cipher based on linear algebra
block is multiplied by the inverse of the matrix used for encryption. The matrix used for encryption is the cipher key, and it should be chosen randomly from
Hill_cipher
Puzzle
cryptograms were created not for entertainment purposes, but for real encryption of military or personal secrets. The first use of the cryptogram for entertainment
Cryptogram
Cipher method
enciphered. This leads to nonlinear and highly diffused alphabets as encryption progresses. Deciphering is identical to enciphering, with the ciphertext
Chaocipher
Complex Soviet pencil and paper cipher
'one-time' cipher pages in practice, while VIC was not. The secret key for the encryption is the following: A short Phrase (e.g. the first line of a song, at least
VIC_cipher
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
with as normal. In lists and catalogues for salespeople, a very simple encryption is sometimes used to replace numeric digits by letters. Examples: MAT
Substitution_cipher
Type of code
"polybius cipher" would lead to the reordered square below. There are several encryption methods using the Polybius square. Three of them are described below.
Polybius_square
File format family developed by CRI Middleware
contain either unknown data or are apparently just reserved (i.e. filled with null bytes). Fields labelled with 'v3' or 'v4' but not both are considered "Unknown"
ADX_(file_format)
Soviet cipher machine
swapping of letters on the Enigma. A triangular plate was used to enter the null permutation for testing purposes. There are two types of rotors: disassemblable
Fialka
Internet protocol that uses a proxy server
order. ID: variable The User ID string, null-terminated. The server responds with: VN: 8 bits Reply version (a null byte). REP: 8 bits Reply code: 0x5a:
SOCKS
Security of a cryptosystem which derives purely from information theory
computation) is called computationally secure or conditionally secure. An encryption protocol with information-theoretic security is impossible to break even
Information-theoretic security
Information-theoretic_security
American entrepreneur (born early 1980s)
of Signal Messenger LLC. He is also a co-author of the Signal Protocol encryption used by Signal, WhatsApp, Google Messages, Facebook Messenger, and Skype
Moxie_Marlinspike
Fundamental tool in cryptography
left-side header column is used for the plaintext letters, both with encryption and decryption. That usage is described herein. In order to decrypt a
Tabula_recta
Encoding for text messages
(PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security
Tap_code
Type of substitution cipher
pp. 182–183 Barker, p. 40 Wrixon, p. 27 Gardner Bauer, Friedrich L. "Encryption Steps: Simple Substitution." Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of
Pigpen_cipher
Steganography method
world-wide for teleprinter communications during most of the 20th century. Null Cipher, a related cipher. Bacon, Francis (1605). The Proficience and Advancement
Bacon's_cipher
How often identical letters appear in the same position in two texts
substitution cipher, allowing a cryptanalyst to quickly detect that form of encryption. The index of coincidence provides a measure of how likely it is to draw
Index_of_coincidence
Polyalphabetic encryption system
left from the key letter to the left edge of the tableau, the ciphertext encryption of plaintext P with key K will be there. For example if encrypting plain
Beaufort_cipher
Symmetric encryption cipher
The four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was invented by the French cryptographer Felix Delastelle. The technique encrypts
Four-square_cipher
Encryption and decryption method
Slidex Solitaire Codes Book Code talker Poem Steganography Bacon Grille Null Cryptanalysis Cryptogram Frequency analysis Index of coincidence (Units:
Book_cipher
Disk encryption software
The Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) is a disk encryption specification created by Clemens Fruhwirth in 2004 and originally intended for Linux. LUKS implements
Linux_Unified_Key_Setup
Encryption system
broken up into blocks of fixed length, called the period, and the above encryption procedure is applied to each block. One way to detect the period uses
Bifid_cipher
Password-based key derivation function
then uses this state to perform a block encryption using part of the key, and uses the result of that encryption (which is more accurate at hashing) to
Bcrypt
contains two letter substitution alphabets to encode place names, prior to encryption, and a letter conversion alphabet to encode digraphs. The text is written
Rasterschlüssel_44
Class of cipher
horizontally or vertically is the equivalent). Shorter messages are filled with null letters (i.e., padding). Messages longer than 64 letters require another
Grille_(cryptography)
British paper cryptographic system
BATCO, short for Battle Code, is a hand-held, paper-based encryption system used at a low, front line (platoon, troop and section) level in the British
BATCO
Fractionated cipher
enciphering letters as trigrams and deciphering trigrams as letters: The encryption protocol divides the plaintext into groups of fixed size (plus possibly
Trifid_cipher
Classic polyalphabet encryption system
QUEENLYATTACKATDAWN attackatdawn With Vigenère's autokey cipher, a single mistake in encryption renders the rest of the message unintelligible. Autokey ciphers are somewhat
Autokey_cipher
Study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext
deciphering encryptions of Latin and Italian text. Several schemes were invented by cryptographers to defeat this weakness in simple substitution encryptions. These
Frequency_analysis
Multiple-substitution writing system cipher
(PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security
Polyalphabetic_cipher
Transport protocol for reliable transmission of video over lossy networks
management. Client/Server architecture. Firewall traversal. DTLS encryption. Pre-Shared Key encryption, with multicast support, access control, and authentication
Reliable Internet Stream Transport
Reliable_Internet_Stream_Transport
French cypher that remained unbroken for several centuries
gender or letter case and so the rules of French composition held true to encryptions as well. Since e is the most commonly used letter in French, the Cipher
Great_Cipher
Encryption technique
Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large encryption/decryption matrix used in the
Two-square_cipher
Code intended as a payload to exploit a software vulnerability
the null character in common character sets. If the shellcode contained a null, the copy would be truncated and not function properly. To produce null-free
Shellcode
Key management Key stream KSD-64 Link encryption MISTY1 Multiplex link encryption Net control station (NCS) Null cipher One-time pad Over the Air Rekeying
List of telecommunications encryption terms
List_of_telecommunications_encryption_terms
Container file format family
array of required stream decoding informational pairs "Encryption" - an array of required encryption informational pairs "Metadata" - Base64 encoded string
Flash_Video
Cryptographic technique
concept and was thus included in the paper's references. Null cipher – Simple form of encryption Email spam – Unsolicited messages sent by email Rivest's
Chaffing_and_winnowing
Method in cryptanalysis
distance between such repeated appearances must be a multiple of the encryption period. In this example, the period is 5, and the distance between the
Kasiski_examination
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior to encryption. In classical cryptography, padding may include adding nonsense phrases
Padding_(cryptography)
Collectible card game designed by Richard Garfield
Coast. Since 2019, the game has been run by the nonprofit games publisher Null Signal Games. Netrunner depicts cyberspace combat between a global mega-corporation
Netrunner
Method for writing secret messages
(PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security
Cardan_grille
Private amusement embedded in a court judgement in the ''DaVinci Code''
reverse of the Vigenère cipher, which here enables decryption rather than encryption. Assigning each letter its place in the alphabet, the keyword corresponds
Smithy_code
Type of cipher used in World War I
error. Nebel designed the cipher to provide an army on the move with encryption that was more convenient than trench codes but was still secure. In fact
ADFGVX_cipher
Type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher
(PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security
Running_key_cipher
Cryptographic cipher device
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 null u e null null a i null o 0 n null null l s null null t null 3 r h c & 4 m f q p 8 d g b z
Straddling_checkerboard
OSI model layer for data translation
object-oriented programming, and the exact way that streaming video is transmitted. Encryption and Decryption are typically done at this level too, although it can be
Presentation_layer
Cryptography in the Indian classic treatise Kamasutra
Slidex Solitaire Codes Book Code talker Poem Steganography Bacon Grille Null Cryptanalysis Cryptogram Frequency analysis Index of coincidence (Units:
Mlecchita_vikalpa
Encryption tool used to perform a transposition cipher
hypothesis is that the scytale was used for message authentication rather than encryption. Only if the sender wrote the message around a scytale of the same diameter
Scytale
German Naval World War II hand-cipher system
(PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security
Reservehandverfahren
Cipher used by the UK in World War II
17 20 2 14, 9 12 10 7. This defines a permutation which is used for encryption. First, the plaintext message is written in the rows of a grid that has
Poem_code
Cryptographic cipher
of bit strings still play an important part in many larger symmetric encryption algorithms such as AES. Monoalphabetic substitution ciphers trace their
Aristocrat_Cipher
Security padding phrase used during the Battle of Leyte Gulf
Samar. During World War II, both basic and (for the time) sophisticated encryption ciphers were used. Some of these ciphers could be compromised through
The_world_wonders
Journaling file system for Linux
directories and is not strictly hierarchical. Transparent encryption Support for transparent encryption was added in Linux kernel 4.1 in June 2015. Lazy initialization
Ext4
Problem-solving technique and algorithmic paradigm
P, after the current one c. A convenient way to do that is to return a "null candidate", some conventional data value Λ that is distinct from any real
Brute-force_search
Data protection process
whatever record is being masked. Encryption is often the most complex approach to solving the data masking problem. The encryption algorithm often requires that
Data_masking
Radio station in Taiwan
number might refer to the use of Chinese telegraph code. Either way, more encryption methods could be employed to ensure safety. Starting with Chinese flute
Star Star Broadcasting Station
Star_Star_Broadcasting_Station
Cryptographic system for numbers
(PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security
Shackle_code
File format used to present documents
and various other data formats. The PDF specification also provides for encryption and digital signatures, file attachments, and metadata to enable workflows
Attack model in cryptanalysis
the attacker has no channel providing access to the plaintext prior to encryption, in all practical ciphertext-only attacks, the attacker still has some
Ciphertext-only_attack
German technology company
(Twister), Malte Borcherding (Encryption), Jürgen Hagel (Twister), Jürgen Thumm (Xpresso) "Stefan Röver, Brokat: Die Null-Euro-Premiere" [The zero-euro
Brokat
Message sent to a certificate authority to apply for a certificate
l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE 154:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :rsaEncryption 165:d=4 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL 167:d=3 hl=4 l= 271 prim: BIT STRING 442:d=2 hl=2 l= 0
Certificate_signing_request
System to identify resources on a network
on TCP port 853. RFC 7858 specifies that opportunistic encryption and authenticated encryption may be supported, but did not make either server or client
Domain_Name_System
Rotor cipher machine
greater similarities with the Boris Hagelin C-Series. The SG-41 had six encryption rotors, compared to the Enigma, which had either three or four, in addition
Schlüsselgerät_41
Paper based encryption system, used in the American civil war
Slidex was a hand-held, paper-based encryption system used at a low, front line (platoon, troop and section) level in the British Army during the Second
Slidex
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
extensions. The cryptographic device driver (CGD) provides transparent disk encryption by acting as a logical device that is layered on top of another block
NetBSD
Concept in cryptanalysis
Publishing. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-1-55970-568-4. Ciesla, Robert (2020). Encryption for Organizations and Individuals. p. 80. doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-6056-2
Contact_analysis
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
news wire services in the 1920s. In 1941, the Allies developed a voice encryption system called SIGSALY which used a vocoder to digitize speech, then encrypted
Modem
German cipher system
Slidex Solitaire Codes Book Code talker Poem Steganography Bacon Grille Null Cryptanalysis Cryptogram Frequency analysis Index of coincidence (Units:
Reihenschieber
Block cipher
with SXAL itself, beginning with a null key and using permuted intermediate results as later keys. MBAL is an encryption algorithm built using SXAL that
SXAL/MBAL
Communication protocol for streaming data over the Internet
session. Using RTMPE, which wraps the RTMP session in a lighter-weight encryption layer. In RTMP Tunneled (RTMPT), RTMP data is encapsulated and exchanged
Real-Time_Messaging_Protocol
Cryptography standard
-connect example.org:443 -host example.org 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 > example.org.cer 2>/dev/null $ openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile example.org.cer
PKCS_7
Family of cryptographic hash functions
resistance. For this we need another NP-complete variation of RSD: 2-regular null syndrome decoding. Definition of 2-RNSD: Given w {\displaystyle w} matrices
Fast_syndrome-based_hash
of wireless security include WPA and WPA2. WEP, WPA, WPA2, and other encryption technologies can be used in conjunction with hiding the SSID. Hiding the
Network_cloaking
Computing concept
Write-only memory (joke) – Humorous fictional type of computer memory Null device or /dev/null, another "write-only" concept Phonautograph, patented in 1857 and
Write-only memory (engineering)
Write-only_memory_(engineering)
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NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
NULL ENCRYPTION
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