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Type of substitution cipher
The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using
Affine_cipher
Substitution cipher
according to Yom Tov Asevilli The Atbash cipher can be seen as a special case of the affine cipher. Under the standard affine convention, an alphabet of m letters
Atbash
Topics referred to by the same term
relation of parallelism between lines Affine cipher, a special case of the more general substitution cipher Affine gap penalty, the most widely used scoring
Affine
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. AES is a variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
The Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different
Vigenère_cipher
Simple and widely known encryption technique
A Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which
Caesar_cipher
2012 studio album by Death Grips
including Braille, QR code, Base64, the Caesar cipher, Binary code, Morse code and the Affine cipher, and used websites such as Imgur and various Tor
No_Love_Deep_Web
Early block substitution cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution
Playfair_cipher
Type of substitution cipher
pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) is a geometric
Pigpen_cipher
Polyalphabetic substitution encryption and decryption system
The Alberti cipher, created in 1467 by Italian architect Leon Battista Alberti, was one of the first polyalphabetic ciphers. In the opening pages of his
Alberti_cipher
German cipher machine during World War II
The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication
Enigma_machine
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting that creates the ciphertext (its output) by replacing units of the plaintext (its input)
Substitution_cipher
Simple encryption method
substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. It is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed
ROT13
Feistel network based block cipher
uses four 8×8-bit S-boxes with input and output affine transformations and logical operations. The cipher also uses input and output key whitening. The
Camellia_(cipher)
Steganography method
Bacon's cipher or the Baconian cipher is a method of steganographic message encoding devised by Francis Bacon in 1605. In steganography, a message is
Bacon's_cipher
Type of code
used as a basic cipher called the Polybius cipher. This cipher is quite insecure by modern standards, as it is a substitution cipher with characters being
Polybius_square
Type of transposition cipher
The rail fence cipher (also called a zigzag cipher) is a classical type of transposition cipher. It derives its name from the manner in which encryption
Rail_fence_cipher
Caesar cipher ROT13 Affine cipher Atbash cipher Keyword cipher Polyalphabetic substitution Vigenère cipher Autokey cipher Homophonic substitution cipher Polygraphic
Outline_of_cryptography
Method of encryption
In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition)
Transposition_cipher
with the Caesar cipher, the Affine cipher, the Keyword cipher, the Transposition cipher, the Vigenère cipher and the 2x2 Hill cipher. The part B challenges
National_Cipher_Challenge
Type of cipher
cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building
Block_cipher
Encryption technique
the principles of information theory. Digital versions of one-time pad ciphers have been used by nations for critical diplomatic and military communication
One-time_pad
Chinese block cipher
ShāngMì 4 (SM4, 商密4) (formerly SMS4) is a block cipher, standardised for commercial cryptography in China. It is used in the Chinese National Standard
SM4_(cipher)
Multiple-substitution writing system cipher
polyalphabetic cipher is a substitution, using multiple substitution alphabets. The Vigenère cipher is probably the best-known example of a polyalphabetic cipher, though
Polyalphabetic_cipher
Puzzle
text. Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is
Cryptogram
Encryption and decryption method
A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key
Book_cipher
Class of cipher
In the history of cryptography, a grille cipher was a technique for encrypting a plaintext by writing it onto a sheet of paper through a pierced sheet
Grille_(cryptography)
Substitution cipher based on linear algebra
Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra. Invented by Lester S. Hill in 1929, it was the first polygraphic cipher in which
Hill_cipher
Substitution box used in the Rijndael cipher
Rijndael S-box is a substitution box (lookup table) used in the Rijndael cipher, on which the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic algorithm
Rijndael_S-box
Fundamental tool in cryptography
ciphers, including the Vigenère cipher and Blaise de Vigenère's less well-known autokey cipher. All polyalphabetic ciphers based on the Caesar cipher
Tabula_recta
Polyalphabetic encryption system
The Beaufort cipher, created by Sir Francis Beaufort, is a substitution cipher similar to the Vigenère cipher, with a slightly modified enciphering mechanism
Beaufort_cipher
Cryptographic cipher device
codes, designing the first variable length cipher, although this was still a substitution cipher: With that cipher, La vigilanza di papa Clemente fu grande
Straddling_checkerboard
Fractionated cipher
trifid cipher is a classical cipher invented by Félix Delastelle and described in 1902. Extending the principles of Delastelle's earlier bifid cipher, it
Trifid_cipher
Cryptography in the Indian classic treatise Kamasutra
the names Kautilya and Muladeviya. The ciphers described in the Jayamangala commentary are substitution ciphers: in Kautiliyam the letter substitutions
Mlecchita_vikalpa
Simple form of encryption
null cipher, also known as concealment cipher, is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material
Null_cipher
Type of cipher used in World War I
In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a manually applied field cipher used by the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was used to transmit messages
ADFGVX_cipher
British paper cryptographic system
contained on a set of vocabulary cards, and cipher sheets for superencryption of the numeric code words. The cipher sheets, which are typically changed daily
BATCO
Disused cipher that was used historically
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern
Classical_cipher
Study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext
letters in a ciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers. Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in any given stretch of
Frequency_analysis
French cypher that remained unbroken for several centuries
The Great Cipher (French: Grand chiffre) was a nomenclator cipher developed by the Rossignols, several generations of whom served the French monarchs
Great_Cipher
Symmetric encryption cipher
The four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was invented by the French cryptographer Felix Delastelle. The technique encrypts
Four-square_cipher
Manually operated symmetric encryption cipher
In the history of cryptography, the Nihilist cipher is a manually operated symmetric encryption cipher, originally used by Russian Nihilists in the 1880s
Nihilist_cipher
Cryptographic cipher
The Aristocrat Cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher in which plaintext is replaced with ciphertext and encoded into assorted letters
Aristocrat_Cipher
Type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher
In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide
Running_key_cipher
Method in cryptanalysis
method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenère cipher. It was first published by Friedrich Kasiski in 1863, but
Kasiski_examination
Complex Soviet pencil and paper cipher
The VIC cipher was a pencil and paper cipher used by the Soviet spy Reino Häyhänen, codenamed "VICTOR". If the cipher were to be given a modern technical
VIC_cipher
• Adversary • AEAD block cipher modes of operation • Affine cipher • Agnes Meyer Driscoll • AKA (security) • Akelarre (cipher) • Alan Turing • Alastair
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Encryption tool used to perform a transposition cipher
cylinder", also σκύταλον skútalon) is a tool used to perform a transposition cipher, consisting of a cylinder with a strip of parchment wound around it on which
Scytale
Cryptographic algorithm
considered incriminating. Furthermore, analysis has revealed flaws in the cipher such that it is now considered insecure. This algorithm uses a standard
Solitaire_(cipher)
Encryption system
In classical cryptography, the bifid cipher is a cipher which combines the Polybius square with transposition, and uses fractionation to achieve diffusion
Bifid_cipher
Encryption technique
The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large
Two-square_cipher
Cipher method
The Chaocipher is a cipher method invented by John Francis Byrne in 1918 and described in his 1953 autobiographical Silent Years. He believed Chaocipher
Chaocipher
Classic polyalphabet encryption system
An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from
Autokey_cipher
Form of cryptanalysis
based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis
Linear_cryptanalysis
Method for writing secret messages
messages inside an ordinary letter so that the whole would not appear to be a cipher at all. Such a disguised message is considered to be an example of steganography
Cardan_grille
Block cipher
In cryptography, DFC (Decorrelated Fast Cipher) is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by a group of researchers from École Normale Supérieure
DFC_(cipher)
Block cipher
Prince is a block cipher targeting low latency, unrolled hardware implementations. It is based on the so-called FX construction. Its most notable feature
Prince_(cipher)
Private amusement embedded in a court judgement in the ''DaVinci Code''
Titanic Historical Society – among other things. The cipher was a type of polyalphabetic cipher known as a Variant Beaufort, using a keyword based on
Smithy_code
Rasterschlüssel 44 (abbr. RS 44) was a manual cipher system, used by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War. The cipher was designed by the astronomer and
Rasterschlüssel_44
Encoding for text messages
timing of the taps to isolate letters. To communicate the word "hello", the cipher would be the following (with the pause between each number in a pair being
Tap_code
Block cipher
In cryptography, E2 is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by NTT and submitted to the AES competition. Like other AES candidates, E2 operates
E2_(cipher)
Rotor cipher machine
The Schlüsselgerät 41 ("Cipher Machine 41"), also known as the SG-41 or Hitler mill, was a rotor cipher machine, first produced in 1941 in Nazi Germany
Schlüsselgerät_41
How often identical letters appear in the same position in two texts
change if both texts are scrambled by the same single-alphabet substitution cipher, allowing a cryptanalyst to quickly detect that form of encryption. The
Index_of_coincidence
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense,
Differential_cryptanalysis
Cipher used by the UK in World War II
words a number. The numbers are then used as a key for a transposition cipher to conceal the plaintext of the message, often by double transposition.
Poem_code
German Naval World War II hand-cipher system
German Naval World War II hand-cipher system used as a backup method when no working Enigma machine was available. The cipher had two stages: a transposition
Reservehandverfahren
Special type of Boolean function
non-linear; it is as different as possible from the set of all linear and affine functions when measured by Hamming distance between truth tables. Concretely
Bent_function
The Reihenschieber (English: Row Slider) was a hand cipher system used by the German Bundeswehr. It was developed during 1957 and used until the early
Reihenschieber
Cryptographic system for numbers
ADFGVX Bifid Nihilist Tap code Trifid VIC cipher Square Playfair Two-square Four-square Substitution Affine Atbash Autokey Caesar Chaocipher Great Hill
Shackle_code
Topics referred to by the same term
Pistonless rotary engine Rotor machine, the rotating wheels used in certain cipher machines, such as the German Enigma machine Rotor (Enigma machine), a rotating
Rotor
Block cipher
In cryptography, COCONUT98 (Cipher Organized with Cute Operations and N-Universal Transformation) is a block cipher designed by Serge Vaudenay in 1998
COCONUT98
Revelation of secrets to unauthorized parties
ADFGVX Bifid Nihilist Tap code Trifid VIC cipher Square Playfair Two-square Four-square Substitution Affine Atbash Autokey Caesar Chaocipher Great Hill
Information_leakage
Block cipher
Data Seal (NDS) is a block cipher that was designed at IBM in 1975, based on the Lucifer algorithm that became DES. The cipher uses a block size of 128
New_Data_Seal
Function that is its own inverse
complementation in set theory; and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the Beaufort polyalphabetic cipher. The composition g ∘ f of two involutions
Involution_(mathematics)
Concept in cryptanalysis
follow other symbols. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers. Contact analysis is based on the fact that, in any sample of any written
Contact_analysis
Field of asymmetric cryptographic primitives
Quadratics involves a public and a private key. The private key consists of two affine transformations, S and T, and an easy to invert quadratic map P ′ : F m
Multivariate_cryptography
Paper based encryption system, used in the American civil war
ADFGVX Bifid Nihilist Tap code Trifid VIC cipher Square Playfair Two-square Four-square Substitution Affine Atbash Autokey Caesar Chaocipher Great Hill
Slidex
Key agreement protocol
then be used to encrypt subsequent communications using a symmetric-key cipher. It is a variant of the Diffie–Hellman protocol using elliptic-curve cryptography
Elliptic-curve_Diffie–Hellman
Cryptographic hash function
Whirlpool is a hash designed after the Square block cipher, and is considered to be in that family of block cipher functions. Whirlpool is a Miyaguchi–Preneel
Whirlpool_(hash_function)
Error-detecting code for detecting data changes
with a stream cipher that uses XOR as its combining operation (or mode of block cipher which effectively turns it into a stream cipher, such as OFB or
Cyclic_redundancy_check
Branch of mathematics that studies the properties of groups
category of differentiable manifolds and affine algebraic groups are group objects in the category of affine algebraic varieties. Such as group cohomology
Group_theory
Instruction set extensions accelerating AES operations
AES instruction set involves using it on block ciphers with a similarly-structured S-box, using affine transform to convert between the two. SM4, Camellia
AES_instruction_set
Public key cryptosystem
multivariate quadratic equations (the so-called MQ problem) since it uses private affine transformations to hide the extension field and the private polynomials
Hidden_Field_Equations
Probability distribution
exponent s to the extent that the plot approximates a linear (more precisely, affine) function with slope −s. For exponent s = 1 , one can also plot the reciprocal
Zipf's_law
Technique in cryptography
ciphers. Developed by Carlo Harpes in 1995, the attack is a generalization of linear cryptanalysis. Harpes originally replaced the bit sums (affine transformations)
Partitioning_cryptanalysis
True when either but not both inputs are true
[citation needed] XOR is also heavily used in block ciphers such as AES (Rijndael) or Serpent and in block cipher implementation (CBC, CFB, OFB or CTR). In simple
Exclusive_or
Topics referred to by the same term
cryptanalysis, a method of breaking a cipher based on finding affine approximations Linear diffusion, the property of a cipher that ensures that a single bit
Linear_(disambiguation)
Monoid ring Quandle Quasigroup Quantum group Ring Semigroup Vector space Affine representation Character theory Great orthogonality theorem Maschke's theorem
List_of_group_theory_topics
Branch of elementary mathematics
related to affine arithmetic, which aims to give more precise results by performing calculations on affine forms rather than intervals. An affine form is
Arithmetic
Algorithm for generating pseudo-randomized numbers
congruential generator. When c ≠ 0, a mathematician would call the recurrence an affine transformation, not a linear one, but the misnomer is well-established in
Linear_congruential_generator
Form of entertainment in mathematics
solution that satisfies the given conditions. Logic puzzles and classical ciphers are common examples of mathematical puzzles. Cellular automata and fractals
Recreational_mathematics
Instruction set extension by Intel
Kivilinna, Jussi; Cho, Choong-Hee (2023). "AVX-Based Acceleration of ARIA Block Cipher Algorithm". IEEE Access. 11: 77403–77415. Bibcode:2023IEEEA..1177403Y. doi:10
AVX-512
Type of shift register in computing
XOR-based feedback in an LFSR, one can also use XNOR. This function is an affine map, not strictly a linear map, but it results in an equivalent polynomial
Linear-feedback shift register
Linear-feedback_shift_register
Optimization algorithm
Lasry, George (2018). A Methodology for the Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers with Search Metaheuristics (PDF). Kassel University Press. ISBN 978-3-7376-0459-8
Hill_climbing
Array of numbers
matrices to represent objects; to calculate transformations of objects using affine rotation matrices to accomplish tasks such as projecting a three-dimensional
Matrix_(mathematics)
Isabel M. Serrano, Bogdan Suceavă Eclectic Illuminism: Applications of Affine Geometry 2020 Christopher J. Catone Bringing Calculus into Discrete Math
George_Pólya_Award
"Bohr's atheism, the counterpiece of Einstein's monotheism, ... was more affined to traditional Far Eastern philosophy," according to Stent. ...The young
List of atheists in science and technology
List_of_atheists_in_science_and_technology
computer science, was discovered and published at least six times. 1967: The affine scaling method for solving linear programming was discovered by Soviet mathematician
List_of_multiple_discoveries
two-dimensional objects represented by discrete points that have undergone an affine transformation Gilbert–Johnson–Keerthi distance algorithm: determining the
List_of_algorithms
New features added in Windows XP
graphics-file formats like JPEG and PNG, and support for composition of affine transformations in the 2D view pipeline. GDI+ uses RGBA values to represent
Features_new_to_Windows_XP
AFFINE CIPHER
AFFINE CIPHER
Girl/Female
English Latin
Warm.
Girl/Female
Italian
Famous bearer: Alcine is mistress of alluring enchantments and sensual pleasures in the Orlando...
Girl/Female
Armenian
Valuable.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Aileen, ALINE means "little Eve." Compare with another form of Aline.
Girl/Female
Irish
In charge.
Girl/Female
Irish French
Beautiful.
Girl/Female
Irish American Celtic English French
Oath.
Female
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Hebrew Adiyna, ADINE means "slender."
Girl/Female
Latin
Red haired.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Aline, ALLINE means "little Eve."Â
Male
English
English name, probably derived from the vocabulary word alpine, ALPINE means "of the Swiss Alps."
Girl/Female
French
Blond.
Female
English
English pet form of Latin Euphemia, EFFIE means "Well I speak."
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Ealdwine, ALDINE means "old friend."
Girl/Female
French
May Jehovah add. Addition (to the family). A feminine form of Joseph.
Female
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Amina, AMINE means "faithful, trusted."
Female
French
 Contracted form of French Adeline, ALINE means "little noble." Compare with another form of Aline.
Girl/Female
German
Soldier. Army Man. from the Old German Hariman.
Male
English
Pet form of English Alfred, ALFIE means "elf counsel."
Female
English
Pet form of English Saffron, SAFFIE means "saffron (the spice)."
AFFINE CIPHER
AFFINE CIPHER
Girl/Female
Indian
Girl/Female
Tamil
Santhimathi | ஸநà¯à®¤à¯€à®®à®¾à®‚தீ
Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Hindu
Foremost one
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Traditional
Globe; World; Humankind
Boy/Male
Tamil
Infinite, Endless
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Belonging of Lord Shiv; Whose Owner is Lord Shiv; Lord Shiv in Female Form; Goddess Parvati; Durga; Kali; Shakti; This Name can be Matched to Any Goddess who Belong to Lord Shiv
Boy/Male
Indian
Standing tall like a mountain, Ability to withstand all that is thrashed upon it
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English stocking ‘ground cleared of stumps’.South German : habitational name from any of several places in Bavaria and Styria named Stocking.
Male
English
English short form of Scottish Campbell, CAMP means "crooked mouth."
Biblical
Temani, the south; Africa; perfect
AFFINE CIPHER
AFFINE CIPHER
AFFINE CIPHER
AFFINE CIPHER
AFFINE CIPHER
v. t.
To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix ridicule or blame to any one.
n.
The company or corporation, or persons collectively, whose place of business is in an office; as, I have notified the office.
v. t.
To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with on or upon; as, eyes affixed upon the ground.
n.
That part of the sea at a good distance from the shore, or where there is deep water and no need of a pilot; also, distance from the shore; as, the ship had ten miles offing; we saw a ship in the offing.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows; Alpine plants.
v. i.
To pay a fine. See Fine, n., 3 (b).
v. t.
To perform, as the duties of an office; to discharge.
v. t.
To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument; to affix one's name to a writing.
pl.
of Affix
v. t.
To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar.
v. t.
To determine or clearly exhibit the boundaries of; to mark the limits of; as, to define the extent of a kingdom or country.
n.
The place where a particular kind of business or service for others is transacted; a house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; as, the register's office; a lawyer's office.
imp. & p. p.
of Affix
a.
Andean; as, Andine flora.
v. t.
To define.
n.
A special duty, trust, charge, or position, conferred by authority and for a public purpose; a position of trust or authority; as, an executive or judical office; a municipal office.
a.
To make fine; to refine; to purify, to clarify; as, to fine gold.
a.
Of, from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; as, alvine discharges; alvine concretions.
v. t.
To refine.