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Journaling file system for Linux
ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible
Ext4
Journaling file system for Linux
distributions but generally has been supplanted by its successor version ext4. The main advantage of ext3 over its predecessor, ext2, is journaling, which
Ext3
system, but many Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, XFS, GFS2, OCFS2, and NILFS. It is possible
Comparison of Linux distributions
Comparison_of_Linux_distributions
Linux file system
not a specific file system name, it has been succeeded by ext2, ext3, and ext4. It has metadata structure inspired by traditional Unix File System principles
Extended_file_system
Computer filing system
distribution (using the ext4 file system) in a virtual machine under their production Windows environment (using NTFS). The ext4 file system resides in
File_system
Open source filesystem driver
system family. It facilitates read and write access to the ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems. The driver can be installed on Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows
Ext2Fsd
Control". Microsoft Docs. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 2022-08-14. "Ext4 Disk Layout". "Ext4 Metadata Checksums". Goldstein, Andrew C. (19 June 1975). "Files-11
Comparison_of_file_systems
Computer software bug occurring in 2038
to be added to the seconds field for the final time representation. The ext4 filesystem, when used with inode sizes larger than 128 bytes, has an extra
Year_2038_problem
Software to maintain ext* file systems
e2fs programs) is a set of utilities for maintaining the ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems for the Linux kernel. Since those file systems are often the
E2fsprogs
American computer scientist, free software developer
the userspace utilities for the ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystems, and is a maintainer for the ext4 file system. Ts'o graduated from MIT with a degree
Theodore_Ts'o
Version history of the Linux kernel
6.28.10". LKML (Mailing list). Retrieved 15 February 2015. "ext4: Rename ext4dev to ext4". Kernel.org git repositories. Retrieved 4 April 2026.{{cite
Linux_kernel_version_history
ASCII-compatible variable-width encoding of Unicode
Linux's ext4 and macOS's APFS file systems support case-insensitive file name lookups, which require that the encoding of file names be specified; ext4 supports
UTF-8
Copy-on-write file system
2008, the principal developer of the ext3 and ext4 file systems, Theodore Ts'o, stated that although ext4 has improved features, it is not a major advance;
Btrfs
Data structure in a Unix file system
more than 60 bytes ("fast symbolic links"). Ext4 has a file system option called inline_data that allows ext4 to perform inlining if enabled during file
Inode
File system for the Linux kernel
This driver was deprecated in Linux version 6.9 in favor of the ext4 driver, as the ext4 driver works with ext2 filesystems. ext2 was the default filesystem
Ext2
Tree data structure for directory indexing
across multiple leaf and index blocks. HTree indexes are used in the ext3 and ext4 Linux filesystems, and were incorporated into the Linux kernel around 2.5
HTree
Undeletion program for Windows
Windows, and as of version 1.5.3 it can also recover files from Ext2, Ext3 and Ext4 file systems of Linux. It is able to recover lost directory structure and
Recuva
Open source data recovery software
forensics context. PhotoRec is shipped with TestDisk. FAT, NTFS, ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems store files in data blocks (also called data clusters under
PhotoRec
Directory entry (in a directory-based file system) that associates a name with a file
more strictly by their on-disk format. For example, as of Linux 3.11, the ext4 file system limits the number of hard links on a file to 65,000. Windows
Hard_link
Storage area in computer file system
"Understanding Ext4 (part1): Extents". 2010-12-20. Archived from the original on 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2015-02-02. What's really a departure for EXT4 however
Extent_(file_systems)
Fedora OS release dates
and other derivatives that are based on Fedora 10 and higher. Support for ext4 filesystem Sugar Desktop Environment LXDE Desktop Environment (LXDE Spin)
Fedora_Linux_release_history
Technology for controlling access to file system items
ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs support both POSIX permissions and POSIX.1e ACLs. There is experimental support for NFSv4 ACLs for ext3 and ext4 filesystems.
File-system_permissions
Open-source, primary boot the device's operating system kernel
load the bootloader (such as Das U-Boot) from the boot partition (such as ext4 or FAT filesystems) directly. U-Boot does not need to be able to read a filesystem
Das_U-Boot
Structure containing file system metadata
superblock with backups Inode File system metadata Toolan 2025. "Ext4 Disk Layout - Ext4". archive.kernel.org. Retrieved 2025-05-31. Toolan, Fergus (2025)
Superblock_(file_system)
Journaling file system for IRIX and Linux
the "all-purpose all-platform filesystem" since 28 Jun 2023, succeeding Ext4. XFS is a 64-bit file system and supports a maximum file system size of 8
XFS
GNU+Linux ext4 2008 Nexenta OS ZFS 2009 Windows 7 NTFS 3.1 2009 Parabola GNU/Linux-libre ext4 2009 openSUSE 11 ext4 2009 Slackware 13 ext4 2009 Ubuntu
List_of_default_file_systems
Different bootloaders
November 2012. Larabel, Michael (2025-02-17). "Limine 9.0 Bootloader Drops EXT4 File-System Support". Phoronix. Retrieved 2025-02-17. Schürrmann, Tim (2025-02-17)
Comparison_of_bootloaders
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
parallel ZFS mounts; trim(8) utility 12.x 11 December 2018 31 December 2023 ext4 read/write; updated graphics drivers in ports; UFS check hashes 13.x 13 April
FreeBSD
Boot loader package
partitions (actually file system instances). The file systems ext2, ext3, ext4 and xfs use a UUID to uniquely identify an instance. The UUID is created
GNU_GRUB
Linux implementation of the NFSv4 ACLs
permission model. Nowadays, they offer the most complex permission model for ext4 file system in Linux. They are even more complex than POSIX draft ACLs, which
Richacls
Any of a set of standard configurations of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks
it was shown that F2FS on RAID 0 and RAID 5 with eight SSDs outperforms EXT4 by 5 times and 50 times, respectively. The measurements also suggest that
Standard_RAID_levels
Metadata associated with computer file that define file system behavior
attributes depends on support by the underlying filesystem (such as FAT, NTFS, ext4) where attribute data must be stored along with other control structures
File_attribute
File system for tracking pending changes
being written to. Many journal implementations (such as the JBD2 layer in ext4) bracket every change logged with a checksum, on the understanding that a
Journaling_file_system
Compares cloning software
Image Yes No Yes Yes (64 MB) No Yes Yes FAT32, NTFS, HFS+, APFS, ext2, ext3, ext4 and ReiserFS Yes Yes Yes Trialware AOMEI Partition Assistant Yes No No No
Comparison of disk cloning software
Comparison_of_disk_cloning_software
Command in Linux
originally specific to the Second Extended Filesystem family (ext2, ext3, ext4), and are available as part of the e2fsprogs package. However, the functionality
Chattr
Linux kernel interface for storage devices
original on 2015-04-06. Retrieved 2023-06-16. Blocking during io_submit on ext4, on buffered operations, network access, pipes, etc. Some operations are
Io_uring
Flash memory card format
open-source driver. SDXC cards can be reformatted to other file systems (e.g., ext4, UFS, VFAT or NTFS), which may improve compatibility with older devices or
SD_card
Type of command for solid-state drive
Newbies. Retrieved 1 September 2010. "Forked by Nicolay - HOWTO: Configure Ext4 to Enable TRIM Support for SSDs on Ubuntu and Other Distributions". sites
Trim_(computing)
Class of software bugs
"ext4: Fix handling of extended tv_sec – kernel/git/stable/linux.git – Linux kernel stable tree". git.kernel.org. "Ext4 Disk Layout – Ext4". ext4.wiki
Time formatting and storage bugs
Time_formatting_and_storage_bugs
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
a large number of file systems. Some were designed for Linux, like ext3, ext4, FUSE, and Btrfs. Others were native to other operating systems like JFS
Linux_kernel
128-bit number used to identify information in computer systems
version-4 UUIDs is one in a billion. Several filesystem types (for example, ext4 and Btrfs) use a UUID to uniquely identify each filesystem to the operating
Universally_unique_identifier
Computer files in nested directories
specific instance of a hierarchical system. For example, NTFS, HPFS, and ext4, all implement a hierarchical system with different features for buffering
Hierarchical_file_system
List of Android operating system versions
December 7, 2010. Ts'o, Theodore (December 12, 2010). "Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread". Linux Foundation. Archived from the original
Android_version_history
written by Stephen Tweedie from Red Hat. JBD is filesystem-independent. ext3, ext4 and OCFS2 are known to use JBD. JBD exists in two versions, JBD and JBD2
Journaling_block_device
Technology for maintenance of file systems
has online and automatic defragmentation available. Linux ext2, ext3, and ext4: Much like UFS, these filesystems employ allocation techniques designed to
Defragmentation
High-density disk drive recording technology
CoW nature. ext4 can be experimentally tuned to write more sequentially. Theodore Ts'o and Abutalib Aghayev gave a talk in 2017 on their ext4-lazy. Seagate
Shingled_magnetic_recording
Computer storage device with no moving parts
version 2.6.33 of the Linux kernel mainline, released on 24 February 2010. The ext4, Btrfs, XFS, JFS, and F2FS file systems include support for the discard (TRIM
Solid-state_drive
Drive cloning software
is copied while empty space is ignored. Clonezilla supports Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, ReiserFS, XFS, JFS, Btrfs, NTFS, FAT, exFAT and more. For unsupported file
Clonezilla
Partition manager for Windows
reboot. Support Linux Ext2, Ext3 system. New GUI. May 2011 V6.0 Support Linux Ext4 file system. Support 2 TB partition for FAT32. Performance optimization.
MiniTool_Partition_Wizard
2010 Android mobile operating system
applications. Enhanced support for native code development. A switch from YAFFS to ext4 file system on newer devices. Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for
Android_Gingerbread
Software for cloning discs
are support for multi-core compression and support for the commonly used Ext4 filesystem. For Windows users, FSArchiver includes experimental support for
FSArchiver
Filesystem API
The Installable File System (IFS) is a filesystem API in MS-DOS/PC DOS 4.x, IBM OS/2 and Microsoft Windows that enables the operating system to recognize
Installable_File_System
Partition clone and restore tool
space. Partclone currently supports the following filesystems: ext2, ext3, ext4, hfs+, reiserfs, reiser4, btrfs, vmfs(v3, v5), xfs, jfs, ufs, ntfs, fat(12/16/32)
Partclone
Feature for a Linux environment in Windows
the User Profile folder. The distribution installation resides inside an ext4-formatted filesystem inside a virtual disk, and the host file system is transparently
Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux
List of permissions for a system resource
filesystem and the more recent Richacls, which brings NFSv4 ACLs support for Ext4 filesystem. As with POSIX ACLs, NFSv4 ACLs are usually stored as extended
Access-control_list
Data recovery utility
Yes Yes exFAT Yes Yes Use fsck Yes NTFS Yes Yes Yes Yes ext2, ext3, and ext4 Yes Yes Use fsck Yes HFS, HFS+, HFSX Yes Yes Use fsck No ReFS No No No No
TestDisk
Partition editor
rebuild of GParted. GParted supports the following filesystems: Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, FAT16, FAT32, HFS, HFS+, JFS, Linux-swap, ReiserFS, Reiser4, UFS, XFS, and
GParted
Linux-based operating system for network-attached storage
Slackware Linux. Supported file systems: XFS, Btrfs, ZFS and EXT2 ,EXT3, EXT4, NTFS, ExFAT. Unraid installs to and boots from a USB flash drive and runs
Unraid
Disk cloning and backup tool
for the EXT2 file system in 1999 and for EXT3 subsequently. Support for EXT4 was added in September 2017 (Enterprise only). Binary Research developed
Ghost_(disk_utility)
Community-supported Linux distribution
OpenOffice.org 3.1, improved social network support, updated filesystems such as Ext4 as the new default and support for Btrfs, installer support for whole-disk
OpenSUSE
Type of device file in Linux for interacting with flash memory
exports block devices as well, which allows the use of common filesystem like ext4. However, using an MTD this way is not recommended since there is neither
Memory_Technology_Device
NAS operating system
allocation GPT/EFI partitioning >2 TByte possible File systems: ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, XFS, JFS, NTFS, FAT32 (ZFS with third-party plug-in) Quota User and
OpenMediaVault
Linux distribution
Mozilla Firefox. The File systems supported by System-Rescue are btrfs, ext3, ext4, FAT16, FAT32, ISO9660, JFS, NTFS, ReiserFS, VFAT, XFS, and Bcachefs There
SystemRescue
Parallel distributed file system
the ability to run servers on Red Hat Linux 6 and increased the maximum ext4-based OST size from 24 TB to 128 TB, as well as a number of performance and
Lustre_(file_system)
Software to automate the Linux boot process
their work. Dracut supports booting from direct attached storage ext2, ext3, ext4 XFS, F2FS, jfs btrfs ZFS MD RAID Device mapper, dmraid, dm-integrity, dm-verity
Dracut_(software)
File system feature
a file system feature implemented in HFS+, XFS, Reiser4, ZFS, Btrfs, and ext4. The feature also closely resembles an older technique that Berkeley's UFS
Allocate-on-flush
History of the Ubuntu operating system
Messenger as its default instant messaging client. The default filesystem is ext4, and the Ubuntu One client, which interfaces with Canonical's new online
Ubuntu_version_history
Linux distribution for server virtualization
be exchanged between virtualization environments at the file level. Both ext4 and the more resource-intensive ZFS are available as host filesystems. Proxmox
Proxmox_Virtual_Environment
Data recovery software
NTFS, NTFS5, ReFS; Mac OS: HFS/HFS Plus, HFSX, APFS; Linux: ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs. List of data recovery software Mircea Dragomir (9 April 2023). "Softpedia:
DMDE
Operating system
natively. Supported file systems include FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, ext2, ext3 and ext4 (partially), NTFS (no extended functions such as encryption), read-only exFAT
KolibriOS
Linux bootloader
2025-03-07. Larabel, Michael (2025-02-17). "Limine 9.0 Bootloader Drops EXT4 File-System Support". Phoronix. Retrieved 2025-02-17. Schürrmann, Tim (2025-02-17)
Limine_(bootloader)
Software tools for forensics analysis
is capable of parsing NTFS, FAT, ExFAT, UFS versions 1 and 2, Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, HFS, ISO 9660 and YAFFS2 file systems either on disk or within whole disk
The_Sleuth_Kit
Directory structure used by a Unix-like operating system
of common locations of files on a Unix operating system: Btrfs ext2 ext3 ext4 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard HAMMER JFS (file system) Unix File System Veritas
Unix_filesystem
Bootloader suite for Linux operating system
Environment (PXE) system EXTLINUX, used for booting from Btrfs, ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT, NTFS, UFS/UFS2, and XFS filesystems MEMDISK, emulates a RAM disk for
SYSLINUX
Tree-based computer data structure
NTFS, AIX (jfs2) and some Linux filesystems, such as Bcachefs, Btrfs and ext4, use B-trees. B*-trees are used in the HFS and Reiser4 file systems. DragonFly
B-tree
Set of file system features
access control lists and mandatory access control. In Linux, the ext2, ext3, ext4, JFS, Squashfs, UBIFS, Yaffs2, ReiserFS, Reiser4, XFS, Btrfs, OrangeFS, Lustre
Extended_file_attributes
Limit set by a system administrator restricting some file system usage
file quota specific to a certain user or group. In some filesystems (e.g. ext4, XFS, f2fs, ZFS, Lustre) it is also possible to also define block and inode
Disk_quota
EasyPeasy Community Jon Ramvi Ubuntu 2010-04-24 GNOME + Netbook Remix 2.6.32 ext4 x86 APT Ubiquity Eeedora Asus Eee PC 701 Martin Andrews Fedora Xfce RPM Firefly
Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions
Comparison_of_netbook-oriented_Linux_distributions
Days since the beginning of the Julian Period
5) × 86400000 1781206101003 Count of milliseconds, excluding leap seconds EXT4 File Timestamps 0:00 January 1, 1970 (JD − 2440587.5) × 86400000000000 1
Julian_day
Buffer between a computer and a storage disk
https://manpages.debian.org/stable/e2fsprogs/ext4.5.en.html Christoph Hellwig; Theodore Ts'o. "Does ext4 send FUA to flush disk cache". spinics.net. Retrieved
Disk_buffer
file system, designed for Linux systems. ext3 – A journaled form of ext2. ext4 – A follow-up for ext3 and also a journaled filesystem with support for extents
List_of_file_systems
Copy-on-write file system for Linux
of ZFS or Btrfs, with the speed and performance of file systems such as ext4 and XFS. As of 2017 Overstreet was receiving financial support for the development
Bcachefs
Flash memory file system
Retrieved 2019-05-10. Matei, Mihai (2019-08-12). "Galaxy Note 10 uses F2FS, not EXT4 file system: What's the difference?". SamMobile. Retrieved 2026-02-15. "ZTE
F2FS
Date and time representation system widely used in computing
time. APFS, the file system used by default across all Apple devices, and ext4, which is widely used on Linux and Android devices, both use Unix time in
Unix_time
from SGI, an XFS AG can have a max size of 1TiB Btrfs JFS ext2, ext3 and ext4 use block groups "File system type and chances for successful data recovery"
Allocation_group
Mobile operating system
The first Jolla Phone in 2013 used Btrfs for the filesystem, afterwards Ext4 has been used. RPM is used as a package manager with PackageKit and Zypper
Sailfish_OS
Feature for restoring computer files
written to automate the undeletion on ext3 volumes. Undelete was proposed in ext4, but is yet to be implemented.[needs update] However, a trash bin feature
Undeletion
ARM, IA-32, x86-64 eCryptfs, NTFS, FAT, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, ext2, ext3, ext4, HFS+, MTP (read and write), ISO9660 (read-only), UDF (read-only) Monolithic
Comparison of operating systems
Comparison_of_operating_systems
Act of installing multiple operating systems on a single computer
Windows partition formatted NTFS format and the Linux partition formatted ext4 format. The basic concept involves partitioning a disk to accommodate each
Multi-booting
Data segmentation technique
"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 storage administration guide, chapter 6. The ext4 file system". Red Hat. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2015. "mdadm(8)
Data_striping
French software developer
system (ext) and Second Extended file system (ext2) for Linux. "Anatomy of ext4", developerWorks, IBM, 2009-02-17, retrieved 2013-01-08 Card, Rémy. (1997)
Rémy_Card
System configuration file for disk partitions
Linux system. # device-spec mount-point fs-type options dump pass LABEL=/ / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=7890abcd-x none swap defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts
Fstab
63 68 3E 0A !<arch>␊ 0 deb linux deb file C0 3B 39 98 À;9˜ 0 Linux EXT3/EXT4 jbd2 filesystem Journal 52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 57 45 42 50 RIFF????WEBP
List_of_file_signatures
Computer forensics software
findings. Supported file systems include: NTFS FAT ExFAT HFS+ Ext2 Ext3 Ext4 YAFFS2 Autopsy runs open source programs and plugins included in The Sleuth
Autopsy_(software)
Logical volume management system
8 October 2014. Retrieved 2015-05-22. "BTRFS performance compared to LVM+EXT4 with regards to database workloads". 29 May 2018. "Tagging LVM2 Storage Objects"
Logical Volume Manager (Linux)
Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)
Data protection software for personal users
media); Macintosh systems (HFS+ and APFS) and Linux systems (ext2, ext3, ext4; ReiserFS, and Linux Swap). Acronis uses sector-by-sector copy when a non-supported
Acronis_True_Image
Data structure
NTFS uses B+ trees for directory and security-related metadata indexing. EXT4 uses extent trees (a modified B+ tree data structure) for file extent indexing
B+_tree
Australia No No Limit Yes No Dropbox Yes Does not work on filesystems other than ext4 and btrfs Yes Yes Yes Yes No ? Yes ? No Yes Yes Yes 2 GB No Limit Yes No
Comparison of online backup services
Comparison_of_online_backup_services
Linux distribution
Review of SLAX Debian-Based Slax 9.3 Linux OS Enters Beta with Improved EXT4 and NTFS Booting, Softpedia News Slax 9.3 Is The Latest In Resurrecting This
Slax
Network communication protocol for providing shared access to resources
object storage as storage backend in addition to POSIX file systems such as ext4, ZFS, Lustre, Ceph, etc. Fusion File Share by Tuxera is a proprietary SMB
Server_Message_Block
EXT4
EXT4
EXT4
EXT4
Male
Romanian
 Short form of Latin Carolus, CAROL means "man." Compare with feminine Carol. In use by the Romanians.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Protected
Boy/Male
Tamil
An ancient physician
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Pleased by Gods
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Rich in Herds
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lovely, White, Clearness
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metronymic from a pet form of Bibb.
Male
Chamoru
, moon.
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Swedish
To Tame; To Subdue; Subdue; Untamed; Hunter
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English
In Liberty
EXT4
EXT4
EXT4
EXT4
EXT4