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Processing of natural language by a computer
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely
Natural_language_processing
Language as naturally spoken by humans
of natural language processing), as its prescriptive aspects do not make it regulated enough to be considered a constructed or controlled natural language
Natural_language
The history of natural language processing describes the advancements of natural language processing. There is some overlap with the history of machine
History of natural language processing
History_of_natural_language_processing
Computer science conference (1996–present)
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) is a leading conference in the area of natural language processing and artificial intelligence
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Empirical_Methods_in_Natural_Language_Processing
Overview of and topical guide to natural language processing
provided as an overview of and topical guide to natural-language processing: Natural-language processing can be described as all of the following: A field
Outline of natural language processing
Outline_of_natural_language_processing
Quantum computing applied to natural language processing
Quantum natural language processing (QNLP) is the application of quantum computing to natural language processing (NLP). It computes word embeddings as
Quantum natural language processing
Quantum_natural_language_processing
Subtopic of natural language processing in artificial intelligence
Natural language understanding (NLU) or natural language interpretation (NLI) is a subset of natural language processing in artificial intelligence that
Natural language understanding
Natural_language_understanding
Academic journal
Natural Language Processing is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press which covers research and software in
Natural Language Processing (journal)
Natural_Language_Processing_(journal)
Type of computer human interface
varieties of ambiguous input. Natural-language interfaces are an active area of study in the field of natural-language processing and computational linguistics
Natural-language user interface
Natural-language_user_interface
Type of machine learning model
A large language model (LLM) is an AI model (typically a neural network) trained on a vast amount of text for natural language processing tasks, especially
Large_language_model
Series of activities
the brain Natural language processing Praxis (process), in philosophy, the process by which a theory or skill is enacted or realized Process (engineering)
Process
Subset of a natural language
simplified versions of languages. Knowledge representation and reasoning Natural language processing Controlled vocabulary Controlled language in machine translation
Controlled_natural_language
platforms, and tools used for machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, computer vision, reinforcement learning, artificial general
Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software
Lists_of_open-source_artificial_intelligence_software
effort to integrate many artificial intelligence approaches (natural language processing, speech recognition, machine vision, probabilistic logic, planning
List of artificial intelligence projects
List_of_artificial_intelligence_projects
American linguist
and natural language processing. She has published several papers on the risks of large language models and on ethics in natural language processing and
Emily_M._Bender
intelligence or machine learning. Semantic decomposition is common in natural language processing applications. The basic idea of a semantic decomposition is taken
Semantic decomposition (natural language processing)
Semantic_decomposition_(natural_language_processing)
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
Prompt engineering is the process of structuring natural language inputs (known as prompts) to produce specified outputs from a generative AI model. Context
Prompt_engineering
Statistical model of language
A language model is a computational model that predicts sequences in natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech
Language_model
Machine learning technique
discuss] Fine-tuning is common in natural language processing (NLP), especially in the domain of language modeling. Large language models like OpenAI's series
Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)
Software suite for natural language processing
The Natural Language Toolkit, or more commonly NLTK, is a suite of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing (NLP)
Natural_Language_Toolkit
Language-oriented programming paradigm
Natural language programming (NLP) is an ontology-assisted way of programming in terms of natural language sentences, e.g. English. A structured document
Natural_language_programming
Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
artificial intelligence models; Natural language processing is the ability for machines to understand and generate natural language. The team is also researching
Meta_Superintelligence_Labs
Series of language models developed by Google AI
of the art for large language models. As of 2026[update], BERT is a common methodological component in natural language processing (NLP) research. BERT
BERT_(language_model)
Engineering applied to artificial intelligence
Natural language processing (NLP) is a crucial component of AI engineering, focused on enabling machines to understand and generate human language. The
Artificial intelligence engineering
Artificial_intelligence_engineering
American machine learning company
machine learning. Hugging Face's Transformers library is built for natural language processing applications. The Hugging Face platform allows users to share
Hugging_Face
Book series
Studies in Natural Language Processing is the book series of the Association for Computational Linguistics, published by Cambridge University Press. Steven
Studies in Natural Language Processing
Studies_in_Natural_Language_Processing
Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
One of Meta AI's research areas is natural language processing, including machine translation, natural language generation, and question answering. In
Meta_AI
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language
List_of_large_language_models
Generation of text in natural languages
Natural language generation (NLG) is a software process that produces natural language output. A widely cited survey of NLG methods describes NLG as "the
Natural_language_generation
Bit-vector representation where only one bit can be set at a time
impractical for PAL devices Many of the states are illegal In natural language processing, a one-hot vector is a 1 × N matrix (vector) used to distinguish
One-hot
Non-language factors that enhance understanding of communication
needed] making them important for computational linguistics and natural language processing. Communicative systems presuppose contexts that are structured
Context
List of academic journals in artificial intelligence
and related fields such as machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, computational intelligence, automated reasoning, robotics, and
List of artificial intelligence journals
List_of_artificial_intelligence_journals
Tel Aviv-based company
company specializing in Natural Language Processing (NLP), which develops AI systems that can understand and generate natural language. AI21 Labs was founded
AI21_Labs
Mathematical framework for natural language processing
Compositional Distributional) is a mathematical framework for natural language processing which uses category theory to unify distributional semantics
DisCoCat
Method for data management
other natural language processing software, incorporate specialized programs for parsing, such as designed specifically for segmenting natural language text
Search_engine_indexing
Digital collections of natural language data
and natural language processing, a corpus (pl.: corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources
Text_corpus
headquartered in the Haidian District of Beijing. Incubated by the Natural Language Processing Laboratory at Tsinghua University, the company specializes in
ModelBest
Information without a formal data model
involves processing human language texts by means of natural language processing (NLP). Recent activities in multimedia document processing like automatic
Unstructured_data
Engineering discipline
control theory, signal processing, and microelectronics, and more applied fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, bioinformatics, medical
Information_engineering
Usage of artificial intelligence
shared language to make the process easier. Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps these systems understand and generate human-like language, making
Language creation in artificial intelligence
Language_creation_in_artificial_intelligence
on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). Association
List of datasets for machine-learning research
List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research
Methods in artificial intelligence research
neural models in natural language processing, where words or subword tokens are both the ultimate input and output of large language models. Examples
Symbolic artificial intelligence
Symbolic_artificial_intelligence
Analysing a string of symbols, according to the rules of a formal grammar
analysis, or syntactic analysis is a process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming
Parsing
American computer scientist
computer scientist whose research focuses on machine learning, natural language processing, and foundation models. He is a Professor of Computer Science
Percy_Liang
Professional organization devoted to linguistics
working on natural language processing. Its namesake conference is one of the primary high impact conferences for natural language processing research,
Association for Computational Linguistics
Association_for_Computational_Linguistics
Machine learning paradigm using minimal training data
This article about natural language processing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.
Few-shot_learning
Canadian artificial intelligence company
which demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on a variety of natural language processing tasks. In 2019, Aidan Gomez, one of its co-authors, along with
Cohere
Type of artificial intelligence model
Small language models (SLM) or compact language models are artificial intelligence language models designed for human natural language processing including
Small_language_model
Concept in natural language processing
on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). Hong Kong
Semantic_similarity
technology employed deep learning for various applications in natural language processing, such as semantic text analysis and sentiment analysis, as well
AlchemyAPI
Examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents
also considered to quantify the patterns' degree of similarity. Natural language processing (NLP), a field at the intersection of artificial intelligence
Citation_analysis
Technique using a large language model as an evaluator
LLM-based evaluation or language model-based evaluation) is a technique in natural language processing in which a large language model (LLM) is used to
LLM-as-a-Judge
Sequence of three consecutive phones
of natural language processing where they are used to establish the various contexts in which a phoneme can occur in a particular natural language. Diphone
Triphone
American AI researcher (born 1993)
Huang. Radford joined OpenAI around 2016, where he worked on natural-language processing. The following year, Radford trained a neural network on Amazon
Alec_Radford
British-Canadian computer scientist (born 1996/97)
working in the field of artificial intelligence, with a focus on natural language processing. He is the co-founder and CEO of the technology company Cohere
Aidan_Gomez
Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing Associations
(Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing Associations) is the organization for coordinating the natural language processing related activities and
AFNLP
– Natural language processing (outline) – Chatterbots – Language identification – Large language model – Retrieval-augmented generation – Natural language
Outline of artificial intelligence
Outline_of_artificial_intelligence
Representation learning technique
encoding. This process reduces complexity and captures key features without needing prior knowledge of the domain. In natural language processing, words or
Embedding_(machine_learning)
representation and reasoning, planning, machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and related areas. A* search algorithm Beam
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Indo-Aryan language of India
(2011), "Processing of Kridanta (Participle) in Marathi" (PDF), Proceedings of ICON-2011: 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing, Macmillan
Marathi_language
Research company
Language Computer Corporation (LCC) is a natural language processing research company based in Richardson, Texas. The company develops a variety of natural
Language_Computer_Corporation
Technique in natural language processing
Tabling is a technique first developed for natural language processing, where it was called Earley parsing. It consists of storing in a table (a.k.a.
Tabled_logic_programming
Text Processing extension. Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) – a suite of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing (NLP)
List_of_text_mining_software
American computer scientist, entrepreneur (born 1976)
learning, particularly in the development of transformer models and natural language processing. He lives in Palo Alto, California. Shazeer's grandparents emigrated
Noam_Shazeer
Natural language processing computer program
ELIZA is an early natural language processing computer program developed from 1964 to 1967 at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum.[page needed] Created to explore
ELIZA
Reinforcement learning method
vision. These methods have also found successful application in natural language processing (NLP), including areas like part-of-speech tagging, parsing,
Error-driven_learning
Creation of language processing systems
Language engineering involves the creation of natural language processing systems, whose cost and outputs are measurable and predictable.[citation needed]
Language_engineering
on computational linguistics and natural language processing: EMNLP - Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing COLING - International Committee
List of computer science conferences
List_of_computer_science_conferences
Standardized AI performance test
A language model benchmark is a standardized test designed to evaluate the performance of language models on various natural language processing tasks
Language_model_benchmark
Chinese computer scientist
research is in human-centered AI, where she focuses on building natural language processing systems that support both human-human and human-computer interaction
Diyi_Yang
Australian-American computer scientist (born 1965)
Statistical Natural Language Processing (1999) and Introduction to Information Retrieval (2008), and his course CS224N Natural Language Processing with Deep
Christopher_D._Manning
Concept in natural language processing
In natural language processing, textual entailment (TE), also known as natural language inference (NLI), is a directional relation between text fragments
Textual_entailment
Concept in natural language processing
Phrase chunking is a phase of natural language processing that separates and segments a sentence into its subconstituents, such as noun, verb, and prepositional
Phrase_chunking
Opposing approaches to categorisation
tend to be lumpers, not splitters (Dolan, 1994). Similarly, in natural language processing, algorithmic approaches such as Word2Vec can be used quantify
Lumpers_and_splitters
Greek non-profit private foundation
are: Natural language processing Embodied language processing Speech and music technology Multimedia processing Multilingual content processing Sign language
Institute for Language and Speech Processing
Institute_for_Language_and_Speech_Processing
Dutch-American AI researcher (born 1986)
artificial intelligence with a focus on machine learning and natural language processing. He is a research scientist director at Google DeepMind. He previously
Douwe_Kiela
South African computer scientist and AI researcher
artificial intelligence, with a focus on natural language processing for African and other low-resource languages. He is a co-founder of the Deep Learning
Vukosi_Marivate
Search service for journal articles
Semantic Scholar uses modern techniques in natural language processing to support the research process, for example by providing automatically generated
Semantic_Scholar
SaaS platform owned by Nebius Group
or multi-turn, serving various domains and purposes. In the natural language processing (NLP) domain, Toloka facilitates optical character recognition
Toloka
American computer scientist
Michigan. She has made significant contributions to natural language processing, multimodal processing, computational social science, and AI for Social Good
Rada_Mihalcea
Natural language processing chatterbot
Jeeney AI is a natural language processing chatterbot. Jeeny AI was named "Best Overall Bot" in the 2009 Chatterbox Challenge, after ranking seventh,
Jeeney_AI
"Fill-in-the-blank" language learning technique
often used as an evaluation task in natural language processing (NLP) to assess the performance of the trained language models. The tasks have a few different
Cloze_test
Type of feedforward neural network
classification, image segmentation, medical image analysis, natural language processing, brain–computer interfaces, and financial time series. CNNs are
Convolutional_neural_network
Reference work for synonyms
Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). Thesauri are used in natural language processing for word-sense disambiguation and text simplification for machine
Thesaurus
Class of artificial neural networks
in natural language processing, can be considered a GNN applied to complete graphs whose nodes are words or tokens in a passage of natural language text
Graph_neural_network
Overview of and topical guide to deep learning
multiple processing layers. It emphasizes representation learning and is widely used in areas such as computer vision, natural language processing, speech
Outline_of_deep_learning
Avatar of a dead person created by AI
intelligence, which resembles a person who is dead. Griefbots employ natural language processing and machine-learning techniques to approximate the style and
Deadbot
Field of machine learning
and data sources to ensure fairness and desired behaviors. In natural language processing (NLP), reinforcement learning has been applied to tasks in which
Reinforcement_learning
text mining, information extraction, information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP). Keyword assignment methods can be roughly divided into:
Keyword_extraction
German Scientist in Denmark
Isabelle Augenstein is a computer scientist working in the field of natural language processing. She is currently a full professor and head of the NLP section
Isabelle_Augenstein
Knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network
expressed as semantic triples. Semantic networks are used in natural language processing applications such as semantic parsing and word-sense disambiguation
Semantic_network
Web platform aimed at using natural language processing to facilitate opinion sharing
the platform aimed to build a global opinion network using natural language processing, databases and sentiment analysis. The company stated that the
State_(website)
Computer science metric of string similarity
one string into the other. Edit distances find applications in natural language processing, where automatic spelling correction can determine candidate
Edit_distance
Machine learning technique
sequence relative to the other components in that sequence. In natural language processing, importance is represented by "soft" weights assigned to each
Attention_(machine_learning)
Chatbot by DeepMind
safety Commonsense reasoning Ethics of artificial intelligence Natural language processing Prompt engineering Quach, Katyanna (January 23, 2023). "The secret
Sparrow_(chatbot)
Process supporting machine learning
formula. Training AI models, particularly in computer vision and natural language processing, requires large volumes of annotated data. Annotation choices
Data_annotation
Data analytics approach
that employs the use of machine learning and natural language processing to automate analysis processes normally done by a specialist or data scientist
Augmented_Analytics
Purely statistical model of language
using n-gram language models are out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. They are encountered in computational linguistics and natural language processing when the
Word_n-gram_language_model
Computer science discipline
natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions that are posed by humans in a natural language
Question_answering
Topics referred to by the same term
Language processor may refer to: Natural language processor, a computer programmed to process human (natural) languages Programming language processor
Language_processor
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