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Type of machine learning model
A large language model (LLM) is an AI model (typically a neural network) trained on a vast amount of text for natural language processing tasks, especially
Large_language_model
Statistical model of language
A language model is a computational model that predicts sequences in natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech
Language_model
Large language model by Meta AI
Llama ("Large Language Model Meta AI" serving as a backronym) is a family of large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI starting in February 2023
Llama_(language_model)
Large language model developed by Google
Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models (LLMs) developed by Google DeepMind, and the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Pro
Gemini_(language_model)
Series of language models developed by Google AI
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. It learns to represent
BERT_(language_model)
Family of large language models by Google
Gemma is a series of source-available large language models developed by Google DeepMind. It is based on similar technologies as Gemini. The first version
Gemma_(language_model)
Type of artificial intelligence model
Small language models or compact language models are artificial intelligence language models designed for human natural language processing including language
Small_language_model
Standardized AI performance test
A language model benchmark is a standardized test designed to evaluate the performance of language models on various natural language processing tasks
Language_model_benchmark
Language models designed for reasoning tasks
A reasoning model, also known as a reasoning language model (RLM) or large reasoning model (LRM), is a type of large language model (LLM) that has been
Reasoning_model
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language
List_of_large_language_models
Foundation model allowing control of robot actions
robot learning, a vision–language–action model (VLA) is a class of multimodal foundation models that integrates vision, language and actions. Given an input
Vision–language–action_model
Multilingual open-access large language model
Large Open-science Open-access Multilingual Language Model (BLOOM) is an open-access large language model (LLM) released in 2022. It was created by a
BLOOM_(language_model)
Type of artificial intelligence system
A vision–language model (VLM) is a type of artificial intelligence system that can jointly interpret and generate information from both images and text
Vision-language_model
Type of large language model
A generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a type of large language model (LLM) that is widely used in generative artificial intelligence chatbots.
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Language model by DeepMind
Chinchilla is a family of large language models (LLMs) developed by the research team at Google DeepMind, presented in March 2022. It is named "chinchilla"
Chinchilla_(language_model)
Microsoft free and open-source large language model
Phi is a series of large language models developed by Microsoft that are open-weights and can run locally on one's device. The initial version, Phi-1
Phi_(language_model)
Series of large language models developed by Google AI
is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. Like the original Transformer model, T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers
T5_(language_model)
Notation expressing information under a rule set
A modeling language is a notation for expressing data, information or knowledge or systems in a structure that is defined by a consistent set of rules
Modeling_language
Software design modeling notation
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, object-oriented, visual modeling language that provides a way to visualize the architecture
Unified_Modeling_Language
General-purpose modeling language
The systems modeling language (SysML) is a general-purpose modeling language for systems engineering applications. It supports the specification, analysis
Systems_modeling_language
Degradation of AI models trained on synthetic data
In artificial intelligence, model collapse, also known as "AI inbreeding", "AI cannibalism", "Habsburg AI", and "model autophagy disorder" or "MAD", is
Model_collapse
Protocol for communicating between LLMs and applications
standardize the way artificial intelligence (AI) systems like large language models (LLMs) integrate and share data with external tools, systems, and data
Model_Context_Protocol
Open-source large language model
Jais is an open-source large language model launched in August 2023. Developed as a collaboration between Emirati AI company G42, the Mohamed bin Zayed
Jais_(language_model)
Machine learning model
model is a machine learning model which takes an input natural language prompt and produces an image matching that description. Text-to-image models gradually
Text-to-image_model
Artificial intelligence model paradigm
learning model trained on vast datasets so that it can be applied across a wide range of use cases. Generative AI applications like large language models (LLM)
Foundation_model
Shading language
to augment the shader assembly language, and went on to become the required shading language for the unified shader model of Direct3D 10 and higher. It
High-Level_Shader_Language
Code-generating large language model by OpenAI
OpenAI Codex is a large language model developed by OpenAI for translating natural-language prompts into source code. Announced in 2021, it was a modified
OpenAI_Codex_(language_model)
A cache language model is a type of statistical language model. These occur in the natural language processing subfield of computer science and assign
Cache_language_model
Purely statistical model of language
A word n-gram language model is a statistical model of language which calculates the probability of the next word in a sequence from a fixed size window
Word_n-gram_language_model
Large language model and AI chatbot by Z.ai
General Language Model, is a series of open weight large language models developed by Chinese software company Z.ai. Though the first GLM model was published
GLM_(AI)
large language model created by Thinking Machines company, first released on July 15, 2026. It is published under an Apache 2.0 license. The model allows
Inkling (large language model)
Inkling_(large_language_model)
Large language model developed by Google
PaLM (Pathways Language Model) is a 540 billion-parameter dense decoder-only transformer-based large language model (LLM) developed by Google AI. Researchers
PaLM
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
variations have been widely adopted for training large language models (LLMs) on large (language) datasets. Modern transformer designs are commonly grouped
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Informative representation of an entity
software Economic model, a theoretical construct representing economic processes Language model, a probabilistic model of a natural language, used for speech
Model
2020 text-generating language model
Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020 as part of the company's GPT series of models. Like its predecessor, GPT-2, it
GPT-3
Large language model with ternary weights
A 1.58-bit large language model (also known as a ternary LLM) is a type of large language model (LLM) designed to be computationally efficient. It achieves
1.58-bit_large_language_model
Large language model and AI chatbot by Anthropic
Claude is a series of large language models developed by American software company Anthropic. Claude was released as an AI-based chatbot in March 2023
Claude_(AI)
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
structuring natural language inputs (known as prompts) to produce specified outputs from a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) model. Context engineering
Prompt_engineering
Abstract model
programming languages. Data models are often complemented by function models, especially in the context of enterprise models. A data model explicitly determines
Data_model
Processing of natural language by a computer
retrieval Language and Communication Technologies Language model Language technology Latent semantic indexing Multi-agent system Native-language identification
Natural_language_processing
Term used in machine learning
learning, the term stochastic parrot is a metaphor that frames large language models as systems that statistically mimic text without real understanding
Stochastic_parrot
Type of information retrieval using LLMs
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique that enables large language models (LLMs) to retrieve and incorporate new information from external data
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented_generation
Artificial intelligence chatbot by Moonshot AI
Kimi is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot and series of large language models developed by Chinese company Moonshot AI. Its first version, released
Kimi_(AI)
The factored language model (FLM) is an extension of a conventional language model introduced by Jeff Bilmes and Katrin Kirchoff in 2003. In an FLM, each
Factored_language_model
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
Originally released on November 30, 2022, the product uses large language models—specifically generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs)—to generate
ChatGPT
American machine learning company
release an open large language model. In 2022, the workshop concluded with the announcement of BLOOM, a multilingual large language model with 176 billion
Hugging_Face
Indian artificial intelligence company
the company develops large language models (LLMs) such as Indus and multimodal AI systems with a focus on Indian languages and region-specific use cases
Sarvam_AI
Standard data modeling language for product data
standard for generic data modeling language for product data. EXPRESS is formalized in the ISO Standard for the Exchange of Product model STEP (ISO 10303), and
EXPRESS (data modeling language)
EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)
AI that generates content
possible by improvements in deep neural networks, particularly large language models (LLMs), which are based on the transformer architecture. Generative
Generative_AI
Specification language
model transformation language in systems and software engineering is a language intended specifically for model transformation. The notion of model transformation
Model_transformation_language
Conformance of AI to intended objectives
distributions. Empirical research in 2024 found that advanced large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI o1 or Claude 3 sometimes engage in strategic
AI_alignment
Type of programming language
Algebraic modeling languages (AML) are high-level computer programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems for large scale mathematical
Algebraic_modeling_language
Visual programming language
Bubble is a visual programming language developed by Bubble Group designed for building web and mobile applications. It is a no-code development platform
Bubble_(programming_language)
Image-generating machine learning model
other text-to-image models, Flux generates images from natural language descriptions, called prompts. In addition, some Flux models support editing images
Flux_(text-to-image_model)
Software platform for running large language models
large language models on local computers and through hosted cloud models. It provides a command-line interface, a native GUI, a local REST API, model-management
Ollama
Large language model family by xAI
large language models developed by SpaceXAI. It was launched in November 2023 by Elon Musk as an initiative based on the large language model (LLM) of
Grok_(chatbot)
Chinese Internet technology company
proprietary large language model while seed-oss is an open-source large language model. Both are available in the US. Seedream is a text-to-image model. It has
ByteDance
Theoretical framework
object-role modeling, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data flow modeling (DFM) is a basic conceptual modeling technique that graphically represents
Conceptual_model
Chinese artificial intelligence company
2025. Z.ai's flagship product is the GLM (General Language Model) family of large language models, which the company has released under the free and
Z.ai
2017 research paper by Google
These convinced the team that the Transformer is a general-purpose language model, and not just good for translation. As of 2026,[update] the paper has
Attention_Is_All_You_Need
Machine learning technique
model, produces a fine-tuned model. It allows for performance that approaches full-model fine-tuning with lower space requirements. A language model with
Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)
ASCII-based file format for describing graphs
Graph Modeling Language (GML) is a hierarchical ASCII-based file format for describing graphs. It has been also named Graph Meta Language. A simple graph
Graph_Modelling_Language
Software engineering methodology
systematic use of a domain-specific language to represent the various facets of a system. Domain-specific modeling languages tend to support higher-level abstractions
Domain-specific_modeling
Machine learning technique
including natural language processing tasks such as text summarization and conversational agents, computer vision tasks like text-to-image models, and the development
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Third astrological sign of the zodiac
zodiac Circle of stars Cusp (astrology) Elements of the zodiac Gemini (language model) Digital twin Air (classical element) Astronomical Applications Department
Gemini_(astrology)
Google large language models family
LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) is a family of conversational large language models developed by Google. Originally developed and introduced
LaMDA
Family of large language models by Alibaba
pinyin: Tōngyì Qiānwèn) is a family of large language models developed by Alibaba Cloud. Many Qwen models are distributed under the free and open-source
Qwen
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
diffusion models, also known as diffusion-based generative models or score-based generative models, are a class of latent variable generative models. A diffusion
Diffusion_model
Machine learning technique
proposed mixture of softmaxes for autoregressive language modelling. Specifically, consider a language model that given a previous text c {\displaystyle c}
Mixture_of_experts
Predictive model interchange format
The Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML) is an XML-based predictive model interchange format conceived by Robert Lee Grossman, then the director of
Predictive Model Markup Language
Predictive_Model_Markup_Language
Graphical notation for user interactions with a software system
The Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML) is a standardized modeling language in the field of software engineering. IFML includes a set of graphic
Interaction Flow Modeling Language
Interaction_Flow_Modeling_Language
2023 text-generating language model
Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a large language model developed by OpenAI and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models. GPT-4 is preceded by GPT-3.5 and
GPT-4
Technique in neural networks for learning joint representations of text and images
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training (CLIP) is a technique for training a pair of neural network models, one for image understanding and one for text
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training
Contrastive_Language–Image_Pre-training
Relational database programming language
declarative language (4GL), it also includes procedural elements. SQL was one of the first commercial languages to use Edgar F. Codd's relational model. The
SQL
Concept in artificial intelligence
code-base developed by human engineers that equips an advanced future large language model (LLM) built with strong or expert-level capabilities to program software
Recursive_self-improvement
Technology made by American organization
debuted its GPT series of large language models (LLMs) in 2018, and has since released multiple versions of its models. GPT is an acronym for generative
Products and applications of OpenAI
Products_and_applications_of_OpenAI
command-line interface developed by OpenAI. DeepSeek Coder – large language model designed for code generation and AI-assisted software development. Eclipse
Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software
Lists_of_open-source_artificial_intelligence_software
AI research laboratory
large language models) and other generative AI tools, such as the text-to-image model Imagen, the text-to-video model Veo, and the text-to-music model Lyria
Google_DeepMind
Training methods used after LLM pretraining
Post-training of large language models is a term used in recent technical literature for training applied to a large language model (LLM) after its initial
Post-training of large language models
Post-training_of_large_language_models
Tel Aviv-based company
launches NLP model to rival GPT-3". Globes. 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2023-02-14. "Watch out, GPT-3, here comes AI21's 'Jurassic' language model". ZDNET. Retrieved
AI21_Labs
Language model application development framework
large language models (LLMs) into applications. As a language model integration framework, LangChain's use-cases largely overlap with those of language models
LangChain
Intentionally devised human language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally
Constructed_language
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family. The term family is
Language_family
Large language model
series of large language models developed by Anthropic. It is the most powerful series of models in the Claude family. The first model in the series was
Claude_Mythos
2018 text-generating language model
Pre-trained Transformer 1 (GPT-1) is OpenAI's first large language model in its GPT series of models, developed following Google's invention of the transformer
GPT-1
American artificial intelligence company
is an American artificial intelligence company that develops large language models for computer software and coding applications. Poolside AI was founded
Poolside_AI
Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
large language model released in April, tasking employees to work overtime. In response, Meta began internally developing Behemoth, a larger model set to
Meta_Superintelligence_Labs
Representation of a type of random process
unit root or due to time-varying model parameters, as in time-varying autoregressive models. Large language models are called autoregressive, but they
Autoregressive_model
Service Modeling Language (SML) and Service Modeling Language Interchange Format (SML-IF) are a pair of XML-based specifications created by leading information
Service_Modeling_Language
Language model benchmark
Humanity's Last Exam (HLE) is a language model benchmark consisting of 2,500 questions across a broad range of subjects. It was created jointly by the
Humanity's_Last_Exam
Extended Enterprise Modeling Language (EEML) in software engineering is a modelling language used for enterprise modelling across a number of layers. Extended
Extended Enterprise Modeling Language
Extended_Enterprise_Modeling_Language
Concept in information theory
the predictive power of a language model, has remained central to evaluating models such as the dominant transformer models like Google's BERT, OpenAI's
Perplexity
Erroneous AI-generated content presented as true
computers. Symbolic artificial intelligence models generally do not produce hallucinations, unlike large language models. In computer vision, since the 1980s
Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)
Language and format for business process modeling
Business Process Modeling Language (BPML) is an XML-based language for business process modeling. It was maintained by the Business Process Management
Business Process Modeling Language
Business_Process_Modeling_Language
Topics referred to by the same term
zodiac Gemini (astrology), an astrological sign Gemini (language model), series of large language models developed by Google Google Gemini, chatbot Gemini may
Gemini
Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
had accomplished their initial goal to understand how languages are generated by their models, rather than out of fear. FAIR was renamed Meta AI following
Meta_AI
Description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed
Mathematical_model
Technique using a large language model as an evaluator
LLM-based evaluation or language model-based evaluation) is a technique in natural language processing in which a large language model (LLM) is used to assess
LLM-as-a-Judge
Gestural communication system
certain "resilient" properties of language whose development can proceed without guidance of a conventional language model. More recent studies of deaf children's
Home_sign
Artificial intelligence tool
first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021. Users can choose the large language model used for generation. On June 29, 2021, GitHub announced GitHub Copilot
GitHub_Copilot
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