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Type of machine learning model
A large language model (LLM) is a neural network trained on a vast amount of text for natural language processing tasks, especially language generation
Large_language_model
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language
List_of_large_language_models
Language models designed for reasoning tasks
A reasoning model, also known as a reasoning language model (RLM) or large reasoning model (LRM), is a type of large language model (LLM) that has been
Reasoning_model
Large language model by Meta AI
Llama ("Large Language Model Meta AI" serving as a backronym) is a family of large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI starting in February 2023
Llama_(language_model)
Statistical model of language
A language model is a computational model that predicts sequences in natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech
Language_model
Large language model developed by Google
Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models (LLMs) developed by Google DeepMind, and the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Pro
Gemini_(language_model)
Large language model and AI chatbot by Anthropic
Claude is a series of large language models developed by American software company Anthropic. Claude was released as an AI-based chatbot in March 2023
Claude_(language_model)
Type of artificial intelligence model
processing including language and text generation. They are smaller in scale and scope than large language models. A large language model typically contains
Small_language_model
A language model benchmark is a standardized test designed to evaluate the performance of language models on various natural language processing tasks
Language_model_benchmark
Large language model with ternary weights
A 1.58-bit large language model (also known as a ternary LLM) is a type of large language model (LLM) designed to be computationally efficient. It achieves
1.58-bit_large_language_model
Family of large language models by Google
Gemma is a series of source-available large language models developed by Google DeepMind. It is based on similar technologies as Gemini. The first version
Gemma_(language_model)
Type of artificial intelligence system
information from both images and text, extending the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), which are limited to text. It is an example of multimodal
Vision-language_model
Series of language models developed by Google AI
improved the state of the art for large language models. As of 2020[update], BERT is a ubiquitous baseline in natural language processing (NLP) experiments
BERT_(language_model)
Language model by DeepMind
Chinchilla is a family of large language models (LLMs) developed by the research team at Google DeepMind, presented in March 2022. It is named "chinchilla"
Chinchilla_(language_model)
Type of large language model
A generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a type of large language model (LLM) that is widely used in generative artificial intelligence chatbots.
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Foundation model allowing control of robot actions
constructed by fine-tuning a vision-language model (VLM) (i.e. a large language model extended with vision capabilities) on a large-scale dataset that pairs visual
Vision–language–action_model
Degradation of AI models trained on synthetic data
obtained. In the context of large language models, research found that training LLMs on predecessor-generated text — language models are trained on the synthetic
Model_collapse
Series of large language models developed by Google AI
Transformer) is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. Like the original Transformer model, T5 models are encoder-decoder
T5_(language_model)
Artificial intelligence model paradigm
learning model trained on vast datasets so that it can be applied across a wide range of use cases. Generative AI applications like large language models (LLM)
Foundation_model
Code-generating large language model by OpenAI
OpenAI Codex is a large language model developed by OpenAI for translating natural-language prompts into source code. Announced in 2021, it was a modified
OpenAI_Codex_(language_model)
Multilingual open-access large language model
The BigScience Large Open-science Open-access Multilingual Language Model (BLOOM) is an open-access large language model (LLM) released in 2022. It was
BLOOM_(language_model)
Microsoft free and open-source large language model
Phi is a series of large language models developed by Microsoft that are open-weights and can run locally on one's device. The initial version, Phi-1
Phi_(language_model)
Notation expressing information under a rule set
and distributed systems. A large number of modeling languages appear in the literature. Example of graphical modeling languages in the field of computer
Modeling_language
Indian artificial intelligence company
in 2023, the company develops large language models (LLMs) and multimodal AI systems with a focus on Indian languages and region-specific use cases.
Sarvam_AI
Protocol for communicating between LLMs and applications
to standardize the way artificial intelligence (AI) systems like large language models (LLMs) integrate and share data with external tools, systems, and
Model_Context_Protocol
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
Later variations have been widely adopted for training large language models (LLMs) on large (language) datasets. Modern transformer designs are commonly
Transformer_(deep_learning)
French artificial intelligence company
Founded in 2023, it has open-weight large language models (LLMs), with both open-source and proprietary AI models. As of 2025 the company has a valuation
Mistral_AI
Open-source large language model
Jais is an open-source large language model launched in August 2023. Developed as a collaboration between Emirati AI company G42, the Mohamed bin Zayed
Jais_(language_model)
Large language model developed by Google
PaLM (Pathways Language Model) is a 540 billion-parameter dense decoder-only transformer-based large language model (LLM) developed by Google AI. Researchers
PaLM
AI that generates content
possible by improvements in deep neural networks, particularly large language models (LLMs), which are based on the transformer architecture. Generative
Generative_AI
Chinese technology company
benchmarked against OpenAI's GPT-4 Turbo. The Xinghuo large language model is a large language model developed by iFlytek in 2024 that solely relies on Huawei's
IFlytek
American artificial intelligence company
user queries and synthesizes responses. Perplexity products use large language models and incorporate real-time web search capabilities, providing responses
Perplexity_AI
Chinese artificial intelligence company
2025. Z.ai's flagship product is the GLM (General Language Model) family of large language models, which the company has released under the free and
Z.ai
Machine learning model
model is a machine learning model which takes an input natural language prompt and produces an image matching that description. Text-to-image models gradually
Text-to-image_model
Artificial intelligence tool
first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021. Users can choose the large language model used for generation. On June 29, 2021, GitHub announced GitHub Copilot
GitHub_Copilot
2025 large language model by OpenAI
GPT-5.2 is a large language model by OpenAI, released on December 11, 2025. Succeeding GPT-5.1, it is a family of three large language models within the
GPT-5.2
Term used in machine learning
learning, the term stochastic parrot is a metaphor that frames large language models as systems that statistically mimic text without real understanding
Stochastic_parrot
Type of information retrieval using LLMs
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique that enables large language models (LLMs) to retrieve and incorporate new information from external
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented_generation
Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
company's large language model released in April, tasking employees to work overtime. In response, Meta began internally developing Behemoth, a larger model set
Meta_Superintelligence_Labs
optimizing deep learning models for edge devices TensorRT-LLM — Nvidia toolkit for optimizing and deploying large language models on GPUs EDLUT – event-driven
Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software
Lists_of_open-source_artificial_intelligence_software
2020 text-generating language model
Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020. Like its predecessor, GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network
GPT-3
Family of large language models by Alibaba
通义千问; pinyin: Tōngyì Qiānwèn) is a family of large language models developed by Alibaba Cloud. Many Qwen models are distributed under the free and open-source
Qwen
Conformance of AI to intended objectives
distributions. Empirical research showed in 2024 that advanced large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI o1 or Claude 3 sometimes engage in strategic
AI_alignment
2025 large language model
GPT-5.1 is a family of five large language models within OpenAI's GPT series. Three were released on November 12, 2025; two more were released one week
GPT-5.1
Digital marketing technique
artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The practice influences the way large language models (LLMs) retrieve, summarize, and present information in response
Generative engine optimization
Generative_engine_optimization
Software platform for running large language models
large language models on local computers and through hosted cloud models. It provides a command-line interface, a native GUI, a local REST API, model-management
Ollama
Chinese artificial intelligence company
is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company that develops large language models (LLMs). Based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, DeepSeek is owned and funded
DeepSeek
Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
who specialize in languages in the development and application of machine learning technology. Galactica is a large language model (LLM) designed for
Meta_AI
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
OpenAI. Originally released in November 2022, the product uses large language models—specifically generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs)—to generate
ChatGPT
Open-source autonomous AI assistant software
autonomous artificial intelligence agent that can execute tasks via large language models (LLMs), using messaging platforms as its main user interface. Developed
OpenClaw
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
assignment. It is increasingly considered a skill for working with large language models (LLMs) in both research and professional contexts. During the 2020s
Prompt_engineering
Indian technology company
Also in 2023, the company launched AppyLM, an alpha version of a large language model (LLM). In July 2024, the company acquired the platform Appsmakerstore
AppyPie
AI-dependent computer programming
software developer describes a project or task in a prompt to a large language model (LLM) which generates source code automatically. Vibe coding may
Vibe_coding
2026 large language model by OpenAI
Pre-trained Transformer 5.4) is a large language model (LLM) released by OpenAI on March 5, 2026. OpenAI initially released the model in two variants, GPT-5.4
GPT-5.4
Erroneous AI-generated content
computers. Symbolic artificial intelligence models generally do not produce hallucinations, unlike large language models. Since the 1980s, the term "hallucination"
Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)
Artificial intelligence chatbot by Moonshot AI
Kimi is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot and series of large language models developed by Chinese company Moonshot AI. Its first version, released
Kimi_(chatbot)
2023 text-generating language model
Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a large language model developed by OpenAI and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models. GPT-4 is preceded by GPT-3
GPT-4
2017 research paper by Google
of a wide variety of artificial intelligence systems, including large language models. At the time, the focus of the research was on improving Seq2seq
Attention_Is_All_You_Need
2024 AI LLM with enhanced reasoning
admitted deceptive action (in 20% of test cases). Reasoning model List of large language models Metz, Cade (September 12, 2024). "OpenAI Unveils New ChatGPT
OpenAI_o1
2026 large language model by OpenAI
(Generative Pre-trained Transformer 5.5) is a large language model (LLM) released by OpenAI on April 23, 2026. The model is also known by its codename "Spud".
GPT-5.5
American entrepreneur (born 1997)
artificial intelligence company that provides data labeling and large language model evaluation services to develop AI applications. In 2021, Wang became
Alexandr_Wang
2026 large language model by OpenAI
GPT-5.3-Codex (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 5.3 Codex) is a large language model (LLM) announced and released by OpenAI on February 5, 2026. It is
GPT-5.3-Codex
Vietnamese-American computer scientist (born 1982)
translation systems, such as Google Translate, and advanced the field of large language models (LLMs). Le was born in Hương Thủy in the Thừa Thiên Huế province
Quoc_V._Le
Subset of artificial intelligence
Google Cloud AI services and large-scale machine learning models like Google's DeepMind AlphaFold and large language models. TPUs leverage matrix multiplication
Machine_learning
Visual programming language
Bubble is a visual programming language developed by Bubble Group designed for building web and mobile applications. It is a no-code development platform
Bubble_(programming_language)
Parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for large language models
large language models and other deep neural networks. Introduced in 2021 by researchers at Microsoft, LoRA enables adaptation of pre-trained models to
LoRA_(machine_learning)
Machine learning model for speech
multiple other languages, and can translate several non-English languages into English. Whisper is a weakly-supervised deep learning acoustic model, made using
Whisper (speech recognition system)
Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)
Internal representation of world by AI
test strategies inside accurate digital twins. Both world models and large language models (LLMs) use inferencing on their inputs to make predictions
World model (artificial intelligence)
World_model_(artificial_intelligence)
Period of rapid progress in AI
coverage. Examples of this include generative AI technologies, such as large language models (LLM) and AI image generators developed by companies like OpenAI
AI_boom
Reverse-engineering neural networks
of neural networks. Empirical evidence from word embeddings and large language models supports this view, although it does not hold up universally. Mechanistic
Mechanistic_interpretability
Open-source framework for large language model inference
Structured Generation Language) is an open-source framework for programming and serving large language models and multimodal models. It was introduced by
SGLang
2018 text-generating language model
Pre-trained Transformer 1 (GPT-1) represents the first of OpenAI's large language models following Google's invention of the transformer architecture in
GPT-1
2025 multimodal model by OpenAI
multimodal large language model developed by OpenAI and the fifth in its series of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) foundation models. Preceded
GPT-5
American company
release an open large language model. In 2022, the workshop concluded with the announcement of BLOOM, a multilingual large language model with 176 billion
Hugging_Face
Hypothetical consciousness in artificial systems
Retrieved 5 January 2023. Chalmers, David J. (August 9, 2023). "Could a Large Language Model Be Conscious?". Boston Review. Šekrst, Kristina (2025). The Illusion
Artificial_consciousness
Large language model
Verified. Reasoning model List of large language models Knight, Will (December 20, 2024). "OpenAI Upgrades Its Smartest AI Model With Improved Reasoning
OpenAI_o3
Concept in artificial intelligence
code-base developed by human engineers that equips an advanced future large language model (LLM) built with strong or expert-level capabilities to program software
Recursive_self-improvement
Open-source software for large language model inference
software framework for inference and serving of large language models and related multimodal models. Originally developed at the University of California
VLLM
Chinese artificial intelligence company
"AI Tiger" companies by investors with its focus on developing large language models. Moonshot was founded in March 2023 by Yang Zhilin, Zhou Xinyu and
Moonshot_AI
Language model application development framework
that helps facilitate the integration of large language models (LLMs) into applications. As a language model integration framework, LangChain's use-cases
LangChain
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
automatically added into the context window of the large language model, and the large language model proceeds to create a response to the prompt given
Vector_database
Large language model developed by Huawei
multimodal large language model developed by Huawei. It was officially launched on July 2021. The name of the large learning language model, PanGu, was
Huawei_PanGu
Software library for LLM inference
open-source software library that performs inference on various large language models such as Llama. It is co-developed alongside the GGML project, a
Llama.cpp
AI-powered evolutionary coding agent
evolutionary coding agent for designing advanced algorithms based on large language models such as Gemini. It was developed by Google DeepMind and unveiled
AlphaEvolve
Italian artificial intelligence project
Minerva is a large language model developed by an Italian research group, Sapienza NLP, at Sapienza University of Rome, led by Roberto Navigli. It is trained
Minerva_(model)
AI software development optimisation
artificial intelligence (AI) to augment software development. It uses large language models (LLMs), AI agents and other AI technologies to assist software developers
AI-assisted software development
AI-assisted_software_development
2025 large language model
GPT-4.5 (codenamed "Orion") is a large language model developed by OpenAI as part of the GPT series. Officially released on February 27, 2025, GPT-4.5
GPT-4.5
American semiconductor company
Artificial Intelligence, and G42 subsidiary Inception launched Jais, a large language model. In March 2024, Cerebras introduced Wafer Scale Engine (WSE-3) architecture
Cerebras_Systems
Sequence generation sampling technique
widely used technique in many large language model applications. At each step of the text generation process, a language model calculates a probability distribution
Top-p_sampling
American artificial intelligence company
headquartered in San Francisco, California. It has developed a series of large language models (LLMs) named Claude and has a focus on AI safety. Anthropic was
Anthropic
Type of attack in machine learning
behavior in machine learning models, particularly large language models (LLMs). The attack takes advantage of the model's inability to distinguish between
Prompt_injection
French computer programmer
2023, Bellard released ts_zip, a lossless text compressor using a large language model. He updated it in March 2024, making the algorithm considerably faster
Fabrice_Bellard
Chatbot developed by xAI
launched in November 2023 by Elon Musk as an initiative based on the large language model (LLM) of the same name. Grok has apps for iOS and Android and is
Grok_(chatbot)
AI chatbot developed by Yandex
Retrieved 2024-03-03. "Russia's Yandex opens public access to AI large language model". www.reuters.com. June 23, 2022. ""Яндекс" добавил в "Алису" генеративную
Alice_AI_(AI_model_family)
Search engine
known as YouChat, the chatbot was primarily based on the GPT-3.5 large language model and could answer questions, suggest ideas, translate text, summarize
You.com
Swiss free and open-source large language model
Apertus is a public large language model, developed by the Swiss AI Initiative (a collaboration between EPFL, ETH Zurich, and the Swiss National Supercomputing
Apertus_(LLM)
Open source autonomous AI agent
agent that uses OpenAI's large language models, such as GPT-4, to attempt to achieve a goal specified by a user in natural language. Unlike chatbots that
AutoGPT
Token limit for LLM context
The context window of a large language model (LLM) is the maximum amount of text or other tokenized input available to the model at one time when generating
Context_window
Machine learning technique
natural language processing (NLP), especially in the domain of language modeling. Large language models like OpenAI's series of GPT foundation models can
Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)
Large multimodal model from OpenAI
Intelligence GPT Image List of large language models Wiggers, Kyle (May 13, 2024). "OpenAI debuts GPT-4o 'omni' model now powering ChatGPT". TechCrunch
GPT-4o
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Language
Boy/Male
Hindu
Language
Girl/Female
British, English
Intelligent
Boy/Male
Dutch Anglo Saxon
Tall.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name for a boatman, from Middle English, Old French barge ‘boat’, ‘barge’.Dutch : variant of Berg.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Skylark; Lark
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Norfolk)
English (mainly Norfolk) : variant of Lark 1.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prangel | பà¯à®°à®¾à®‚ஜல
Language
Prangel | பà¯à®°à®¾à®‚ஜல
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Language
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Langdale, Cumbria, named in Old Norse as ‘long valley’, from lang ‘long’ + dalr ‘valley’.Possibly an Americanized form of Norwegian Langdal, Langdalen, Langdahl, habitational names from any of numerous farmsteads named Langdal(en), having the same etymology as 1.
Girl/Female
Persian American
Child of light. Famous Bearer: Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname (literal or ironic) meaning ‘generous’, from Middle English, Old French large ‘generous’, ‘free’ (Latin largus ‘abundant’). The English word came to acquire its modern sense only gradually during the Middle Ages; it is used to mean ‘ample in quantity’ in the 13th century, and the sense ‘broad’ first occurs in the 14th. This use is probably too late for the surname to have originated as a nickname for a fat man.
Girl/Female
American, Australian
Combination of Latonia and Ray
Boy/Male
French
The red-haired one.
Girl/Female
English
Lark.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sark.German : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Australian, Welsh
Large Homestead; Large Settlement
Girl/Female
Tamil
Language
Girl/Female
Swedish
From the sea.
Female
English
Short form of English Margaret, MARGE means "pearl."
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
Boy/Male
French
Reddish.
Boy/Male
English Latin American French
Brotherly.. Singer Jermaine Jackson.
Girl/Female
German
Noble; Kind
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ascending
Girl/Female
Indian
Thankful one
Surname or Lastname
English (Manchester and Lancashire)
English (Manchester and Lancashire) : habitational name from a place in Greater Manchester called Pendlebury, from the hill name Pendle (composed of the Celtic element penn ‘hill’, ‘head’ + a tautologous Old English hyll) + Old English burh ‘castle’, ‘fortified town’.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Gaze
Male
Egyptian
, a royal scribe.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Christian, Latin, Scottish
Laurel-crowned; From Laurentium; Form of Lawrence
Boy/Male
English American
Harpist; minstrel.
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
LARGE LANGUAGE-MODEL
imp. & p. p.
of Language
superl.
Exceeding most other things of like kind in bulk, capacity, quantity, superficial dimensions, or number of constituent units; big; great; capacious; extensive; -- opposed to small; as, a large horse; a large house or room; a large lake or pool; a large jug or spoon; a large vineyard; a large army; a large city.
n.
A large omnibus used for excursions.
n.
A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods; as, a ship's barge; a charcoal barge.
n.
The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.
superl.
Abundant; ample; as, a large supply of provisions.
n.
A Northern Turanian group of languages; the language of the Finns.
n.
A movement or piece in largo time.
a.
Having a large or generous heart or disposition; noble; liberal.
n.
A large boat used by flag officers.
n.
The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.
n.
The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.
n.
The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages.
a.
Made large or larger; extended; swollen.
v. t.
To communicate by language; to express in language.
n.
The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
a.
Having large hands, Fig.: Taking, or giving, in large quantities; rapacious or bountiful.
superl.
Unrestrained by decorum; -- said of language.
a.
Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition.