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Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
Molecular evolution describes how inherited DNA and/or RNA change over evolutionary time, and the consequences of this for proteins and other components
Molecular_evolution
History of the field of study
The history of molecular evolution starts in the early 20th century with "comparative biochemistry", but the field of molecular evolution came into its
History of molecular evolution
History_of_molecular_evolution
Theory of evolution by changes at the molecular level
effect on fitness. The neutral theory does not just apply to evolution at the molecular level. The neutral theory recognizes that some alleles confer
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
Change in the heritable characteristics of populations
(December 2005). "Selectionism and Neutralism in Molecular Evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (12): 2318–2342. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi242.
Evolution
Study of the evolution of life
the genetic architecture of adaptation, molecular evolution, and the different forces that contribute to evolution, such as sexual selection, genetic drift
Evolutionary_biology
Technique to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged
rate of molecular change was originally purely phenomenological. Later, the work of Motoo Kimura developed the neutral theory of molecular evolution, which
Molecular_clock
Branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences
includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process
Molecular_phylogenetics
evolutionary history of life. After the rise of molecular genetics in the 1950s, the field of molecular evolution developed, based on protein sequences and
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
Academic journal
The Journal of Molecular Evolution is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers molecular evolution. It is published by Springer Science+Business
Journal of Molecular Evolution
Journal_of_Molecular_Evolution
Protein engineering method
Directed evolution (DE) is a method used in protein engineering that mimics the process of natural evolution to steer proteins or nucleic acids toward
Directed_evolution
Academic journal
Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for
Molecular Biology and Evolution
Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution
Variant of one theory of evolution
The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution is a modification of the neutral theory of molecular evolution that accounts for the fact that not all
Nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution
Nearly_neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
Evolutionary origin and subsequent development of cells
Origin and Evolution of Cells". The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates. Fox SW, Dose K (1972). Molecular evolution and the origin
Evolution_of_cells
Independent evolution of similar features
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures
Convergent_evolution
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
classification Experimental evolution – Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics Molecular evolution – Study of changes in DNA
Outline_of_evolution
Chinese biologist
phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes to detect molecular adaptation or Darwinian evolution at the molecular level. A stream of papers followed this to extend
Ziheng_Yang
Life arising from non-living matter
Formation in Tectonic Fault Zones—an Ideal Scenario for Molecular Evolution". Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres. 45 (1): 139–148. Bibcode:2015OLEB
Abiogenesis
Peer-reviewed scientific journal
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics. The journal is edited by E. A.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution
so widespread and ancient, they can be used as molecular markers in studies of ancient cellular evolution. Phylogenetic analysis using two families of HSPs
Evolution of molecular chaperones
Evolution_of_molecular_chaperones
Accumulation of genetic differences
of the kittiwake, and the evolution of the modern-day dog from the wolf. The term can also be applied in molecular evolution, such as to proteins that
Divergent_evolution
Concept in genetics
geneticist Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims that most instances where a genetic change spreads
Genetic_drift
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution is an influential monograph written in 1983 by Japanese evolutionary biologist Motoo Kimura. While the neutral
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
The_Neutral_Theory_of_Molecular_Evolution
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
microevolution is evolution occurring within the population(s) of a single species. In other words, microevolution is the scale of evolution that is limited
Macroevolution
The Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE) is a scientific and academic organization founded in 1982 to support academic research in the field
Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Society_for_Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution
Body-covering structure of birds
"Linking the molecular evolution of avian beta (β) keratins to the evolution of feathers" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental
Feather
Evolutionary process
Yin-Qiu; Su, Bing (July 2008). "Molecular Evolution of a Primate-Specific microRNA Family". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (7): 1493–1502. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn094
Human_evolution
Changes to DNA with no overall impact
the neutral theory of molecular evolution, which is an important and often-controversial theory that proposes that most molecular variation within and
Neutral_mutation
Bernstein, H.; Hopf, F.A.; Michod, R.E. (1987). "The Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Sex". Molecular Genetics of Development. Advances in Genetics. Vol
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Evolutionary biologist
evolutionary biologist interested in theoretical population genetics and molecular evolution. In his research, he emphasized the importance of advantageous mutations
John_H._Gillespie
Phenomenon in biology
recombination cannot disrupt linkage disequilibrium. The neutral theory of molecular evolution assumes that most new mutations are either deleterious (and quickly
Genetic_hitchhiking
Japanese biologist
Ohta works on population genetics/molecular evolution and is known for developing the nearly neutral theory of evolution. Ohta has received many awards,
Tomoko_Ohta
Subfield of genetics
and drift. The availability of molecular data on all genetic differences led to the neutral theory of molecular evolution. In this view, many mutations
Population_genetics
1985 book by Michael Denton
argumentation." Molecular equidistance is a term that was first used by Michael Denton in Evolution: A Theory in Crisis to criticise the theory of evolution. The
Evolution:_A_Theory_in_Crisis
Japanese biologist (1924–1994)
Japanese biologist best known for introducing the neutral theory of molecular evolution in 1968. He became one of the most influential theoretical population
Motoo_Kimura
Software for statistical analysis of molecular evolution
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) is computer software for conducting statistical analysis of molecular evolution and for constructing phylogenetic
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis
Molecular_Evolutionary_Genetics_Analysis
Science of genes, heredity and variation
amendment to the neutral theory of molecular evolution through publishing the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. In this theory, Ohta stressed
Genetics
Species having two or more distinct forms
of the 20th century when ideas such as Kimura's neutral theory of molecular evolution was given much attention. The significance of the work on ecological
Polymorphism_(biology)
1969 scientific biology paper
"Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level", with proposing what became known as the neutral theory of molecular evolution. The paper brings together
Non-Darwinian Evolution (paper)
Non-Darwinian_Evolution_(paper)
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
molecular evolution of complex sequences, such as proteins." Evolutionary molecular engineering, also called directed evolution or in vitro molecular
Evidence_of_common_descent
Topics referred to by the same term
out from a solution Molecular evolution, evolution at the scale of molecules Oxygen evolution, the process of generating molecular oxygen through chemical
Chemical_evolution
British evolutionary biologist
Andrew Rambaut is a British evolutionary biologist and professor of molecular evolution at the University of Edinburgh. Rambaut earned a Bachelor of Science
Andrew_Rambaut
Aspect of evolutionary biology
rate of evolution is quantified as the speed of genetic or morphological change in a lineage over a period of time. The speed at which a molecular entity
Rate_of_evolution
Taiwanese-American scientist
the fields of molecular evolution, population genetics, and genomics. He is currently the James Watson Professor of Ecology and Evolution at the University
Wen-Hsiung_Li
Organism resembling a form long shown in the fossil records
"living fossil" has undergone no significant evolution since fossil times, with practically no molecular evolution or morphological changes. Scientific investigations
Living_fossil
Israeli molecular biophysicist
proteins. He proposed an abiogenic theory of the origin of life, and molecular evolution from single nucleotides and amino acids to present-day DNA and protein
Edward_Trifonov
Irish geneticist and professor
Aoife McLysaght is an Irish geneticist and a professor in the Molecular Evolution Laboratory of the Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
Aoife_McLysaght
Scientific study about E. coli
The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
evolution suggested that natural selection was not the ubiquitous cause of evolution, at least at the molecular level, and that molecular evolution might
History_of_biology
Family of mammals
1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918. ISSN 0022-3360. Wayne, Robert K. "Molecular evolution of the dog family". Retrieved 27 May 2014. Wang, Xiaoming (2008)
Canidae
List of alternatives to Darwinian natural selection
to sweep away all the alternatives to Darwinian evolution, though some have been revived as molecular mechanisms for them have been discovered. Aristotle
Alternatives to Darwinian evolution
Alternatives_to_Darwinian_evolution
Discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory
verification needed][page needed] The neutral theory of molecular evolution is used to study evolution as a null model against which tests for natural selection
Evolution_as_fact_and_theory
Model of changes in a sequence over evolutionary time
(December 1998). "Estimating the rate of evolution of the rate of molecular evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 15 (12): 1647–1657. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals
Substitution_model
British-American biologist (1906–1999)
British-born American biologist known for his work in nutrition, molecular evolution, and for his public engagement with controversial scientific issues
Thomas_H._Jukes
Chinese geneticist and evolutionary biologist
Central South University. Huang's work focuses on cancer genetics and molecular evolution. During his postdoctoral research (1989–1992) in the laboratory of
Huang_Shi
Artificial protein
nature and was generated through a simulation of 500 million years of molecular evolution. Scientists at EvolutionaryScale and the Arc Institute developed
EsmGFP
Extrapolation method to detect common ancestors
"Integrating fossils with molecular phylogenies improves inference of trait evolution". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 66 (12): 3931–3944
Ancestral_reconstruction
Family of mammals
contradicts the assumption that monotremes are frozen in morphological and molecular evolution. It has been suggested that echidnas originally evolved in New Guinea
Echidna
Field of molecular evolution
structural phylogenetics (or Structural phylogenetics) is the branch of molecular evolution that incorporates three dimensional information from protein structure
Protein structural phylogenetics
Protein_structural_phylogenetics
Mathematical models of changing DNA
at which one nucleotide replaces another during evolution. These models are frequently used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. In particular, they are
Models_of_DNA_evolution
DNA sequences with no known biological function
tolerate. Similar predictions were made by other leading experts in molecular evolution who concluded that the human genome could not contain more than 40
Junk_DNA
results of simultaneous analyses of molecular, morphological, and stratigraphic data". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 12 (1–2): 145–160. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-4963-8
Evolution_of_cetaceans
Subphylum of chordates
supporting a grouping of vertebrates with the tunicates". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94 (Pt A): 383–391. Bibcode:2016MolPE..94..383G. doi:10
Vertebrate
Population genetics concept
independently, following the assumptions of the neutral theory of molecular evolution. The effective population size is normally smaller than the census
Effective_population_size
Type of interstellar cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size
Molecular_cloud
Two concepts on heritable traits
coalescent. Roderick D.M. Page; Edward C. Holmes (14 July 2009). Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-1336-9
Apomorphy_and_synapomorphy
Origin and diversification of primates through geologic time
Wang; Bing Su (July 2008). "Molecular Evolution of a Primate-Specific microRNA Family". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (7). Oxford, UK: Oxford University
Evolution_of_primates
Process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
opportunity can be the loss of antagonists (competitors or predators), the evolution of a key innovation, or dispersal to a new environment. Any one of these
Adaptive_radiation
Order of flying mammals
L.; Tsao, H.; Li, W. H. (2004). "Molecular evolution of bat color vision genes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (2): 295–302. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh015
Bat
Genus within Felidae
(1996). "Molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12S RNA and cytochrome b sequences in the pantherine lineage of Felidae". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 12
Panthera
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
ISBN 978-0-87893-189-7. Hahn, M.W. (2008). "Toward a selection theory of molecular evolution". Evolution. 62 (2): 255–265. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00308.x. PMID 18302709
Microevolution
Japanese geneticist
and seminal researcher in the field of molecular evolution. Due to his work on genome duplication in evolution, homologous genes that exist as duplicates
Susumu_Ohno
The relatively new techniques of molecular phylogenetics have also shed light on some aspects of mammalian evolution by estimating the timing of important
Evolution_of_mammals
Study of evolutionary changes in physiological characteristics
anatomy, classical physiology, endocrinology, biochemistry, and molecular evolution. The field is closely related to comparative physiology, ecophysiology
Evolutionary_physiology
Norwegian biologist
focused on molecular evolution, using viruses as a model system. For the later part of his career, the focus has been on understanding how evolution has shaped
Bjørn_Grinde
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
2019). "The Evolution of Reverse Gyrase Suggests a Nonhyperthermophilic Last Universal Common Ancestor". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (12): 2737–2747
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
American scientist (born 1953)
Neamț) is a Romanian-American scientist working in the field of molecular evolution. He is a Moores Professor at the University of Houston and Professor
Dan_Graur
Research institution in Massachusetts, US
Center, and the Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution. Visiting scientists are affiliated with the MBL's Whitman
Marine_Biological_Laboratory
Model of molecular evolution
The Infinite sites model (ISM) is a mathematical model of molecular evolution first proposed by Motoo Kimura in 1969. Like other mutation models, the
Infinite_sites_model
Study of organic evolution using fossils
millions of years old to draw parallel and answer questions about the molecular evolution and the evolutionary history of life. In this scientific quest, macrofossils
Paleobiology
understood to be an important source of novelty in evolution, providing for an expanded repertoire of molecular activities. The underlying mutational event of
Evolution_by_gene_duplication
Topics referred to by the same term
(group), a music group 2R hypothesis, a hypothesis in genomics and molecular evolution Yaesu VX-2R, an ultra-compact amateur radio transceiver Via Rail
2R
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains
Gene_duplication
Clade of scaled reptiles
Rooney, A. P. (2003). "Molecular Evolution and Phylogeny of Elapid Snake Venom Three-Finger Toxins". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 57 (1): 110–29. Bibcode:2003JMolE
Toxicofera
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
at a steady rate, forming the basis for the molecular clock. In the neutral theory of molecular evolution, neutral mutations provide genetic drift as
Mutation
View that combines evolutionary science with theism
Theistic evolution (also known as theistic evolutionism or God-guided evolution, or alternatively called evolutionary creationism) is a view that God acts
Theistic_evolution
Scientific study of life
is grounded in the theory of evolution by natural selection, first articulated by Charles Darwin, and in the molecular understanding of genes encoded
Biology
evolutionary computation to molecular evolution to sociocultural evolution to stellar and galactic evolution. Evolution in colloquial contexts can refer
Objections_to_evolution
Israeli geneticist and bioinformatician
medicine, molecular evolution, genomics, paleogenomics and epigenetics. After completing undergraduate studies in Israel, he obtained a PhD in molecular evolution
Eran_Elhaik
Genes coding for ribosomal RNA
protein biosynthesis, the rDNA genes are usually highly conserved in molecular evolution. The number of copies can vary considerably per species. Ribosomal
Ribosomal_DNA
American evolutionary geneticist
professor emeritus at Yale University. He is known for his research in molecular evolution, population genetics, and the genetics of Drosophila and disease-vector
Jeffrey_R._Powell
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses. Viruses have short generation times, and many—in
Viral_evolution
British biologist (born 1965)
a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Zoology in 1990 for research on molecular evolution in primates supervised by Adrian Friday. Holmes has used genomic
Edward_C._Holmes
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
cancer research, phylogenetics can be used to study the clonal evolution of tumors and molecular chronology, predicting and showing how cell populations vary
Phylogenetics
Evolutionary and molecular biologist
Evolutionary Neurobiology from 2003 to 2013. Her research is focused on the molecular evolution of proteins involved in vision, especially visual opsins, in vertebrates
Belinda_Chang_(biologist)
American evolutionary biologist and mathematician (1929–2021)
he applied techniques from molecular biology, such as gel electrophoresis, to questions of genetic variation and evolution. He was a self-described Marxist
Richard_Lewontin
Use of related sequences to construct an ancestral-like gene
reconstruction/resurrection – is a technique used in the study of molecular evolution. The method uses related sequences to reconstruct an "ancestral"
Ancestral sequence reconstruction
Ancestral_sequence_reconstruction
Technique for producing oligonucleotides that specifically bind to a target
in 1990. In 2015, a special issue was published in the Journal of Molecular Evolution in the honor of quarter century of the discovery of SELEX. The process
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
Systematic_evolution_of_ligands_by_exponential_enrichment
mechanisms. Molecular drive operates independently of natural selection and genetic drift. The best-known such process is the concerted evolution of genes
Molecular_drive
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
sexual lineage and the relevance of facultative sex". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 48 (6): 779–783. Bibcode:1999JMolE..48..779D. doi:10.1007/PL00013156
Eukaryote
Ratio estimating the balance between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions
2009). "Quantitative prediction of molecular clock and ka/ks at short timescales". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (11): 2595–2603. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp175
Ka/Ks_ratio
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