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Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
Macroevolution comprises the evolutionary processes and patterns which occur at and above the species level. In contrast, microevolution is evolution occurring
Macroevolution
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
antibiotic resistance. Microevolution provides the raw material for macroevolution. Macroevolution is guided by sorting of interspecific variation ("species selection")
Microevolution
Study of past life through fossils
evolution occurred in punctuated equilibrium. Evidence for both methods of macroevolution are present in the fossil record, and the discovery of new fossils continuously
Paleontology
American geologist
Schoch's PhD dissertation, Systematics, Functional Morphology and Macroevolution of the Extinct Mammalian Order Taeniodonta, was published in 1986 by
Robert_M._Schoch
Diverse clade of specialized reptiles
ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2772121. PMID 19911059. Benson, R.B.J. (2018). "Dinosaur Macroevolution and Macroecology". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
Dinosaur
Extinct subclass of cephalopod molluscs
Isabelle Kruta; Royal H. Mapes (eds.). Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography. Topics in Geobiology 44. Vol. 44. Springer. pp. 3–24
Ammonoidea
Fossilized tree resin
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Amber
Form of creationism
However, like YEC and in contrast with TE, some forms of it reject macroevolution, claiming it is biologically untenable and not supported by the fossil
Old_Earth_creationism
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
0901397106. PMC 2702801. PMID 19528641. Mayr, Ernst (1982). "Speciation and Macroevolution". Evolution. 36 (6): 1119–1132. Bibcode:1982Evolu..36.1119M. doi:10
Species
microevolution developed by the population geneticists and the patterns of macroevolution observed by field biologists, with his 1937 book Genetics and the Origin
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
Earliest known life forms Function Genetic drift Gene flow History of life Macroevolution Microevolution Mutation Natural selection Phylogenetics Speciation Taxonomy
Homeostasis
Change in the heritable characteristics of populations
evolution are distinguished based on time scale as macroevolution versus microevolution. Macroevolution refers to evolution that occurs at or above the level
Evolution
Ecological competition between different species
non-polynomial functions. Interspecific competition is a major factor in macroevolution. Darwin assumed that interspecific competition limits the number of
Interspecific_competition
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
"Prediction 1.3: Consilience of independent phylogenies". 29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: The Scientific Case for Common Descent. Version 2.89. The TalkOrigins
Common_descent
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Michael James (14 May 2021). "Niche partitioning shaped herbivore macroevolution through the early Mesozoic". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 2796. Bibcode:2021NatCo
Mesozoic
Russian anthropologist (born 1961)
suggests a novel approach to the formation of a general theory of social macroevolution. The approach prevalent in social evolutionism is based on the assumption
Andrey_Korotayev
Branch of biology that studies living organisms
"Development". Data from: A modular framework characterizes micro- and macroevolution of Old World monkey dentitions (Data Set). Dryad Digital Repository
Neontology
Coin-operated entertainment machine
2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021. Valverde, Sergi (2025). "The cultural macroevolution of arcade video games: innovation, collaboration, and collapse". Evolutionary
Arcade_game
German geneticist (1878–1958)
and heterochrony. Controversially, Goldschmidt advanced a model of macroevolution through macromutations popularly known as the "Hopeful Monster" hypothesis
Richard_Goldschmidt
Sex-specific adaptations
potential mates. Possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain macroevolution of sexual size dimorphism in birds. These include sexual selection,
Sexual_dimorphism
2002 book by Stephen Jay Gould
(2002) is Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould's technical book on macroevolution and the historical development of evolutionary theory. The book was
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
The_Structure_of_Evolutionary_Theory
Family of marine fish that can make powerful, self-propelled leaps out of water
1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04009.x. Kutschera, U. (2005). "Predator-driven macroevolution in flyingfishes inferred from behavioural studies: historical controversies
Flying_fish
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
1126/sciadv.adl3452. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008. Butterfield, N. J. (2007). "Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time". Palaeontology. 50 (1): 41–55. Bibcode:2007Palgy
Cambrian
Concept in evolutionary biology
forcing me into theoretical work". Chaos theory Interspecific competition Macroevolution Punctuated equilibrium Red King hypothesis Survivorship curve Van Valen
Red_Queen_hypothesis
Fusion of natural selection with Mendelian inheritance
genetics, and population genetics. It also related the broad-scale macroevolution seen by palaeontologists to the small-scale microevolution of local
Modern synthesis (20th century)
Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)
Organisms that live in salt water
Valentine JW, Jablonski D (2003). "Morphological and developmental macroevolution: a paleontological perspective". The International Journal of Developmental
Marine_life
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
post-Palaeozoic crinoids – in quest of the factors affecting crinoid macroevolution". Lethaia. 49 (2): 231–244. Bibcode:2016Letha..49..231G. doi:10.1111/let
Jurassic
Belief that God created life gradually
ancestors; [but] appear all at once and "fully formed." The view rejects macroevolution, claiming it is biologically untenable and not supported by the fossil
Progressive_creationism
Belief that nature originated through supernatural acts
ancestors; [but] appear all at once and "fully formed." The view rejects macroevolution, claiming it is biologically untenable and not supported by the fossil
Creationism
Gradual evolutionary change in a species without splitting
viewed the history of early hominin fossils and concluded that actual macroevolution change via anagenesis was scarce. A dynamic evolutionary map (DEM) is
Anagenesis
Religious rejection of evolution
evolution from common ancestors with other members of the great apes), macroevolution, and the existence of transitional fossils. [The] Discovery [Institute]
Rejection of evolution by religious groups
Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups
Croatian geneticist
interest are evolutionary genetics, evolutionary developmental biology, macroevolution, and tumor evolution. He is currently employed at the Ruđer Bošković
Tomislav_Domazet-Lošo
Rapid decrease in Earth's biodiversity
1371/journal.pbio.0020272. PMC 509315. PMID 15314670. Butterfield NJ (2007). "Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time" (PDF). Palaeontology. 50 (1): 41–55
Extinction_event
Preserved remains or traces of organisms from a past geological age
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Fossil
Extinct family of dinosaurs
ISSN 0024-4082. Cau, Andrea (2024). "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 63 (1): 1–19
Carcharodontosauridae
Period of major evolutionary diversification of animal life
doi:10.1666/07026.1. S2CID 83713101. Butterfield, Nicholas J. (2007). "Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time" (PDF). Palaeontology. 50 (1): 41–55
Cambrian_explosion
Top of the head
crest located on their crown, used for communication and courtship. Macroevolution of the human crown has led to different structures between modern and
Crown_(head)
Extinct giant shark species
February 2026. Retrieved 1 February 2026. Ehret D.J. (2010). "Chapter 5 – Macroevolution, Age, and Growth of the Megatoothed Sharks (Lamniformes Otodonridae)"
Megalodon
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
Retrieved 20 March 2017. McCarthy, Eugene M. "Hybrid Populations". Macroevolution. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017
Hybrid_(biology)
Christian apologist and author (born 1961)
pseudoscientific argument of intelligent design. He is a critic of macroevolution, but believes that adaptations in species occur over time.[non-primary
Frank_Turek
Extinct species of shark
1126/sciadv.abl6529. PMC 9217088. PMID 35731884. Ehret D.J. (2010). "Macroevolution, Age, and Growth Determination of the Megatoothed Sharks (Lamniformes:
Otodus_obliquus
of macroevolutionary ones. As biologists define macroevolution, both microevolution and macroevolution have been observed. Speciations, for example, have
Objections_to_evolution
Evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species
408 Its place in evolutionary theory comes under long-term trends or macroevolution. In the neodarwinist theory of evolution, as postulated by Stephen Jay
Mosaic_evolution
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
of birds and mammals: Are microevolutionary processes sufficient for macroevolution?" (PDF). Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 19 (10): 516–522. doi:10.1016/j
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
traits become more favoured due to changes in the broader environment, macroevolution occurs. Sometimes, new species can arise especially if these new traits
Natural_selection
Walking with the toes and metatarsals flat on the ground
da Silva, Jack (3 April 2026). "Life history optimization and the macroevolution of mammal body size". Scientific Reports. 16 (1) 16038. Bibcode:2026NatSR
Plantigrade
Family of birds
PMID 25274372. Barreto E, Boehm MM, Ogutcen E, et al. (October 2024). "Macroevolution of the plant-hummingbird pollination system". Biological Reviews of
Hummingbird
Species of mammal
rural populations of red foxes mirroring patterns of domestication and macroevolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 287 (1928). doi:10.1098/rspb.2020
Red_fox
British palaeontologist
1981. Benton's research investigates palaeobiology, palaeontology, and macroevolution. His research interests include: diversification of life, quality of
Michael_Benton
Second epoch of the Neogene Period
Lieberman, Bruce S. (29 August 2018). "Metabolic rates, climate and macroevolution: a case study using Neogene molluscs". Proceedings of the Royal Society
Pliocene
Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule
Peterson KJ, Dietrich MR, McPeek MA (July 2009). "MicroRNAs and metazoan macroevolution: insights into canalization, complexity, and the Cambrian explosion"
MicroRNA
General review of religious attitudes towards evolution
specialist in Islamic law has argued in Islam and Evolution that a belief in macroevolution is not incompatible with Islam, as long as it is accepted that "God
Acceptance of evolution by religious groups
Acceptance_of_evolution_by_religious_groups
Extinct family of odd-toed ungulates
of Natural History and Science. p. 211. McHorse, Brianna K (2019). Macroevolution and Biomechanics of Digit Reduction in Horses (PhD thesis). Harvard
Brontotheriidae
Italian theoretical biologist
University of Ferrara whose main interest is the origin of novelties in macroevolution. He has been one of founders and first editor-in-chief of the journal
Marcello_Barbieri
Ecosystem simulation of predators and prey
long-term evolutionary patterns and processes such as speciation and macroevolution. EcoSim has been designed by Robin Gras at the University of Windsor
EcoSim
American paleontologist
University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-38913-8. Jablonski, D. et al. (1997) Macroevolution in the 21st Century. International Senckenberg Conference and Workshop
David_Jablonski
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
History of invertebrate paleozoology
History_of_invertebrate_paleozoology
Dicraeosaurid sauropod dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous period
Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 29 (4): 337–346. Salgado, L. (1999). "The macroevolution of the Diplodocimorpha (Dinosauria; Sauropoda): A developmental model"
Amargasaurus
Plant species in the fig family
Lucas C. (March 2022). "How to approach the study of syndromes in macroevolution and ecology". Ecology and Evolution. 12 (3) e8583. Bibcode:2022EcoEv
Maclura_pomifera
Group of Mesozoic aquatic reptiles
tetrapod axis: A case study of Sauropterygia: Sauropterygian Axial Macroevolution". Evolution. 71 (5): 1164–1177. doi:10.1111/evo.13217. PMC 5485078.
Sauropterygia
British biochemist (born 1943)
Creationism, and Intelligent Design, 2010, p.72 29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: A Response to Ashby Camp's "Critique", Talk.Origins "Interestingly
Michael_Denton
G. M.; Bajpai, Sunhil (2001). "Whale Origins as a Poster Child for Macroevolution". BioScience. 51 (12): 1037. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[1037:WOAAPC]2
Evolution_of_cetaceans
Type of independent state school in England
has been accused of promoting the teaching of creationism alongside macroevolution in his Emmanuel Schools Foundation academies. This is also linked to
Academy_(English_school)
Evolutionary process
[citation needed] Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model Court jester hypothesis Macroevolution Selection (genetic algorithm) Species problem Adaptive radiation Ecotype
Speciation
a subset of creation science that tries to explain biology without macroevolution. Creationist cosmologies – are cosmologies which, among other things
List_of_pseudoscience_topics
Family of theropod dinosaurs
PMID 32218481. Cau, A. (2024). "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 63 (1). doi:10
Dromaeosauridae
Subspecies of rodent found in Arizona
journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Kaibab squirrel "Macroevolution: Species Formation". Retrieved October 26, 2013. "Evolutionary Genetics
Kaibab_squirrel
Study of the evolution of life
Evolutionary dynamics Evolutionary neuroscience Evolutionary physiology Macroevolution Phylogenetic comparative methods Quantitative genetics Selective breeding
Evolutionary_biology
Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
tb02534.x. S2CID 83712799. Medlin LK, Fensome RA (2013). "Dinoflagellate macroevolution". Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates. Geological
Dinoflagellate
of life Origin of life – hierarchy of life – Miller–Urey experiment Macroevolution: adaptive radiation – convergent evolution – extinction – mass extinction
Outline_of_biology
Hypothetical hybrid species
the Origin of New Forms of Life A New Theory (PDF). United States: macroevolution.net. p. 34. Winder, Isabelle C.; Winder, Nick P. (2014). "Reticulate
Humanzee
Study of the past through preserved genetic material
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Paleogenetics
Biological interaction
Emmanuelle J. (2018). "Implications of selective predation on the macroevolution of eukaryotes: Evidence from Arctic Canada". Emerging Topics in Life
Predation
Species of great ape
Pan troglodytes, "EUGENE M. MCCARTHY, PHD GENETICS, ΦΒΚ", https://www.macroevolution.net/bonobo-chimpanzee-hybrids.html Pan continuity: bonobo-chimpanzee
Bonobo
1944 book by George Gaylord Simpson
population genetics was sufficient in itself to explain the patterns of macroevolution observed by paleontology. Simpson also highlighted the distinction between
Tempo_and_Mode_in_Evolution
Book by Ernst Mayr
Natural Selection, Adaptation, Darwin, Diversity, Species, Speciation, Macroevolution, and Historical Perspective. The book, Mayr notes in the Forward, is
Toward a New Philosophy of Biology
Toward_a_New_Philosophy_of_Biology
American paleontologist
model of evolution." Paleobiology 4 (1): 26-40. Stanley, S. M. (1979). Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. Stanley, S. M. (1981)
Steven_M._Stanley
Vertebrates without legs or fins
discussion of the genetic and developmental processes affecting limb growth Macroevolution#Limb loss in lizards and snakes Snake evolution Terrestrial locomotion
Limbless_vertebrate
Big cat crossbreed
TIGERS". Messybeast. Retrieved October 16, 2023. "Leopard-tiger hybrids". Macroevolution. Retrieved January 15, 2015. In The Field no. 2887, April 25, 1908,
Panthera_hybrid
Russian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist (1900–1975)
populations (microevolution) and phenomena happening on a global scale (macroevolution). Filipchenko also believed that there were only two types of inheritance:
Theodosius_Dobzhansky
Type of fossilization
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Permineralization
Biologist and author
"Origin and evolution of higher clades: osteology, myology, phylogeny and macroevolution of bony fishes and the rise of tetrapods". Science Publishers (Enfield
Rui_Diogo
Middle-Late Jurassic assembly of fossils in China
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Yanliao_Biota
Subfield of genetics
microevolution developed by the population geneticists and the patterns of macroevolution observed by field biologists, with his 1937 book Genetics and the Origin
Population_genetics
Russian entomologist (1882–1930)
was a Russian entomologist who coined the terms microevolution and macroevolution, as well as the mentor of geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky. Though he
Yuri_Filipchenko
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Invertebrate_paleontology
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
2018. Cau, Andrea (2024). "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 63 (1): 1-19
Siamotyrannus
Stratigraphy which assigns ages of rock strata by using fossils
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Biostratigraphy
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
hdl:11336/12129. Cau, A. (2024). "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution". Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 63 (1). doi:10.4435/BSPI
Eotyrannus
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
Timeline_of_paleontology
Large animals
Bajpai, S. (1 January 2001). "Whale Origins as a Poster Child for Macroevolution". BioScience. 51 (12): 1037–1049. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[1037:WOAAPC]2
Megafauna
Biostratigraphy Ecological succession Anagenesis Evolutionary taxonomy Macroevolution Microevolution Cultural impact Cultural depictions of dinosaurs List
List of human evolution fossils
List_of_human_evolution_fossils
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
PMID 21437379. Cau, Andrea (2024). "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 63 (1): 1–19
Epidexipteryx
Family of salamanders
505. Baken, Erica K.; Mellenthin, Lauren E.; Adams, Dean C. (2020). "Macroevolution of desiccation-related morphology in plethodontid salamanders as inferred
Plethodontidae
Genus of extinct mammal from the Paleocene
Schoch, Robert M. (1986.) "Systematics, functional morphology and macroevolution of the extinct mammalian order Taeniodonta." Bulletin of the Peabody
Wortmania
Reappearance of a genetic trait once thought extinct
1098/rspb.2003.2517. PMC 1691546. PMID 14728776. "29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: Part 2". Archived from the original on 29 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-08
Atavism
Hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve towards some goal
ISBN 978-0-674-00613-3. Levinton, Jeffrey S. (2001). Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-0-521-80317-5. Montgomery
Orthogenesis
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
tb01568.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 15058714. Gray; Watts (2017). "Cultural Macroevolution Matters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (30):
Phylogenetics
Property of a statement that can be logically contradicted
Publishing. pp. 51–73. Theobald, Douglas L. (2006). "29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: The Scientific Case for Common Descent, Version 2.87". The Talk.Origins
Falsifiability
American politician and diplomat (born 1956)
has stated that he is a devout believer in a higher power and rejects macroevolution as an exclusive explanation for the development over time of new species
Sam_Brownback
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