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Evolutionary theory
Constructive neutral evolution (CNE) is a theory that seeks to explain how complex systems can evolve through neutral transitions and spread through a
Constructive neutral evolution
Constructive_neutral_evolution
Theory of evolution by changes at the molecular level
The neutral theory of evolution holds that most of the genetic variation within and between species is due to random genetic drift of mutant alleles that
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
the complexity of an organism increases by a process called constructive neutral evolution. Since the effective population size in eukaryotes (especially
Evolution of biological complexity
Evolution_of_biological_complexity
Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
at low levels. Constructive neutral evolution (CNE) explains that complex systems can emerge and spread into a population through neutral transitions with
Molecular_evolution
Change in the heritable characteristics of populations
stochastic forces in evolution, such as genetic hitchhiking, also known as genetic draft. Another concept is constructive neutral evolution (CNE), which explains
Evolution
Darwinian perspective that biological traits are evolved adaptations
cite neutral evolution as the null hypothesis in evolutionary studies, i.e., offering a direct contrast to the adaptationist approach. Constructive neutral
Adaptationism
Theory connecting gene loss in microbial communities to natural selection
the lenses of constructive neutral evolution. Constructive neutral evolution seeks to explain how complex systems can emerge through neutral transitions
Black_Queen_hypothesis
Evolution of different specialized function in two copies of a duplicated gene
separate functions. Subfunctionalization is a neutral mutation process of constructive neutral evolution; meaning that no new adaptations are formed. During
Subfunctionalization
Topics referred to by the same term
exploitation, a type of military computer network operation Constructive neutral evolution Contrat nouvelle embauche, a type of employment contract Care
CNE
Concept in genetics
Emerging in the 1990s, constructive neutral evolution used genetic drift to theorize how complex systems emerge through neutral transitions. Peripatric
Genetic_drift
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
complemented by the other copy. This leads to a neutral "subfunctionalization" (a process of constructive neutral evolution) or DDC (duplication-degeneration-complementation)
Gene_duplication
Molecular process
Stoltzfus A (August 1999). "On the possibility of constructive neutral evolution". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 49 (2): 169–181. Bibcode:1999JMolE..49..169S
RNA_editing
Subfield of genetics
introduction of variation Coalescent theory Conservation genetics Constructive neutral evolution Directional selection Distribution of fitness effects (DFE)
Population_genetics
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
heterochrony, novelty in evo-devo, facilitated variation, and constructive neutral evolution. According to Hautmann, speciation has both micro- and macroevolutionary
Macroevolution
forces (a straight line). Constructive neutral evolution Evolution of biological complexity Neutral theory of molecular evolution McShea, Daniel W.; Brandon
Zero-Force_Evolutionary_Law
Policy of the US Reagan administration
Constructive engagement was the name given to the conciliatory foreign policy of the Reagan administration towards the apartheid regime in South Africa
Constructive_engagement
Concept in developmental psychology
The constructive developmental framework (CDF) is a theoretical framework for epistemological and psychological assessment of adults. The framework is
Constructive developmental framework
Constructive_developmental_framework
Book by Richard Dawkins
the origin of life, including the work of Graham Cairns-Smith. 7. Constructive evolution Dawkins looks at evolutionary arms races between predator and prey
The_Blind_Watchmaker
Adaptation of animals to constant darkness
evolutionary changes at the same rate as constructive changes. Their research concluded that both selection and evolution are factors toward advancing reductive
Troglomorphism
Species of fish
Berning, Daniel J.; Gross, Joshua B. (2020-02-06). "Parallel evolution of regressive and constructive craniofacial traits across distinct populations of Astyanax
Mexican_tetra
Online browser games portal
are non-violent and educational. In November 2018, its parent company, Constructive Media, LLC, was acquired by Sandbox & Co. (a division of Sandbox Group)
Cool_Math_Games
Model of evolutionary neurology proposed by Paul McLean
The triune brain was a once popular model of the evolution of the vertebrate forebrain and behavior, proposed by the American physician and neuroscientist
Triune_brain
Study of religious belief using evolutionary psychology principles
Watts, Fraser; Turner, Léon P. (eds.). Evolution, Religion, and Cognitive Science: Critical and Constructive Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Evolutionary psychology of religion
Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion
Philosophical view that consiousness is a ubiquitous feature of reality
claiming that matter and mind are one thing, [panpsychism] has little constructive to say and offers no positive laws explaining how the mind is organized
Panpsychism
Range of dispute resolution processes
“single lawyer” or a “one couple, one lawyer” scheme as good evidence of a constructive attempt to obtain advice and avoid unnecessary proceedings […]” A family
Alternative dispute resolution
Alternative_dispute_resolution
"Cosmetics'' (1948) and Theodore Sturgeon's The Other Man (1956) "featuring constructive accounts of hypnotherapy... occupy an uneasy situation on the genre's
Hypnosis_in_fiction
Distinguishable physical characteristic
to avoidance or denial, others may seek social support or engage in constructive problem-solving. Contrary to common assumptions, the psychological distress
Visible_difference
Hindu organization
achieving some measure of peace as a by-product of a lifestyle they feel is constructive and healthy". When the same members attended an appearance by Prem Rawat
Divine_Light_Mission
Academic journal
cultural, and social evolution. Drawing on theories from critical posthumanism and transhumanism, the journal encourages constructive and critical dialogue
Journal_of_Posthuman_Studies
Fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society
worldviews have sufficient common beliefs it may be possible to have a constructive dialogue between them. On the other hand, if different worldviews are
Worldview
Processes by which design concepts are developed
many different types of business and social organisations to be more constructive and innovative. Designers bring their methods into business either by
Design_thinking
Country in West Asia
167–169. ISBN 978-1-137-38115-6. The compromise, therefore, was to choose constructive ambiguity: as surprising as it may seem, there is no law that declares
Israel
Ongoing dispute over support for Taiwan
original on 17 December 2025. Retrieved 17 December 2025. "Japan to seek constructive, stable ties with China: PM Takaichi". Kyodo News. 17 December 2025.
2025–2026 China–Japan diplomatic crisis
2025–2026_China–Japan_diplomatic_crisis
American psychologist
psychological theory from the study of the decontextualized individual. Constructive-developmental psychology reconceives the whole question of the relationship
Robert_Kegan
Baháʼí doctrine about an anticipated new system of worldwide governance
periods of progress and regress as it moves through stages of social evolution towards its destined collective maturity: the realisation of a just and
New_world_order_(Baháʼí)
Process by which an organism shapes its environment
Turner, Scott (2014). "The role of internal and external constructive processes in evolution". Journal of Physiology. 592 (11): 2413–2422. doi:10.1113/jphysiol
Niche_construction
Contrast of one emotion from another
represents the horizontal axis, while the center of the circle represents a neutral valence and a medium level of arousal. In this model, emotional states
Emotion_classification
Mythical beings in Indian religions
being, including both those with good or with bad intentions, and with constructive or with destructive inclinations or dispositions. Whereas the late verses
Asura
Type of constructive imagination
Prefrontal analysis (PFA) is a type of active constructive imagination that allows humans to mentally reduce an object into parts. For example, humans
Prefrontal_analysis
British polymath (1890–1962)
revival of Darwinism in the early 20th-century revision of the theory of evolution known as the modern synthesis. For his contributions to biology, Richard
Ronald_Fisher
Catalan architect (1852–1926)
of lightness and strength. Sagrada Família schools set an example of constructive genius and served as a source of inspiration for many architects, given
Antoni_Gaudí
and terror only by terror. Only then can a new state of affairs be constructively created. Political parties are inclined to compromises; philosophies
Religious views of Adolf Hitler
Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler
Stage of adult development
only a single phase of development within the lifelong process of self-evolution. Instead of depending on external values, beliefs, and interpersonal loyalties
Self-authorship
Military occupation by Israel since 1967
Publishers. pp. 509–542. ISBN 978-90-47-42125-2. Dumper, Michael (2010). "Constructive Ambiguities: Jerusalem, international law, and the peace process". In
Israeli occupation of the West Bank
Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank
2021–2025 U.S. presidential administration
Russian government urged the new U.S. administration to take a "more constructive" approach in talks over the extension of the 2010 New START treaty, the
Presidency_of_Joe_Biden
Unwanted sexual attention or advances
conditions are affected when a sexually hostile work environment results in constructive discharge. At the same time, a supervisor who makes sexual advances toward
Sexual_harassment
setting forth the laws; 3. the return to God in the Hereafter, and the constructive role of this belief in the course of man's ascent towards God; 4. the
Government_of_Iran
Study of the development of metaphysics
types: sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; rajas is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good
History_of_metaphysics
Plan for the construction of an object or system
Evaluation and conclusion – summary of process and results, including constructive criticism and suggestions for future improvements. Redesign – any or
Design
Online community themed around reading and writing
constructive feedback and criticism. Composed of students and their experiences on online writing platforms, the study aims to show how constructive criticism
Wattpad
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
moral development; to these theorists morality forms in a series of constructive stages or domains. In the Ethics of care approach established by Carol
Morality
Religious site in Jerusalem
pilgrims also visited the site. Byzantine Christians, despite some signs of constructive work on the esplanade, generally neglected the Temple Mount, especially
Temple_Mount
Voluntarily prosocial behaviour
negatively related to aggression in boys, and positively related to "constructive patriotism". The components of this orientation are a positive view of
Helping_behavior
Bilateral relations
global nominal GDP. The two countries describe their relationship as a constructive strategic and stable relationship. The proclamation of the PRC in Beijing
China–United_States_relations
Co-founder of Wikipedia (born 1968)
provided initial drafts for many of its early guidelines, including the "Neutral point of view" and "Ignore all rules" policies. Prior to Wikipedia, he
Larry_Sanger
partners in discussions on regional security arrangements, aiming to create constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues in the Asia–Pacific
History_of_ASEAN
Marxist philosophy of nature and science
all phenomena are the result of matter in motion, and that the world's evolution is the product of a dialectical process driven by internal contradiction
Dialectical_materialism
Art theory espousing pure abstraction
Doesburg wrote about this: Architecture provides constructive, therefore closed, plastic. In this she is neutral towards painting, which provides open plasticity
Neoplasticism
American political scientist
of Justice, Shapiro begins the systematic articulation of his mature constructive theory. In Democratic Justice, Shapiro argues that democracy and justice
Ian_Shapiro
Reframing Critical Thinking Skills (CTS) for Group-Decision-Support-Systems (GDSS)
School of Management defines integrative thinking as: "...the ability to constructively face the tensions of opposing models, and instead of choosing one at
Integrative_thinking
Cohort born from 1997 to 2012
environment of like-minded people where they can receive (anonymous) constructive feedback, what they call 'distributed mentoring'. Informatics specialist
Generation_Z
Sanskrit term for supreme happiness
Gita Press. p. 422. Ch.IX.27 Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade (1968). A constructive survey of Upanishadic philosophy. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 220
Paramananda_(Hinduism)
scientific knowledge and the design and use of technologies. The co-constructive relationship between gender and technology contributed to feminist STS's
Feminist science and technology studies
Feminist_science_and_technology_studies
Synonym for Israel in global politics
167–169. ISBN 978-1-137-38115-6. The compromise, therefore, was to choose constructive ambiguity: as surprising as it may seem, there is no law that declares
Jewish_state
generically as South Africa was one of the important centres of human evolution. It was inhabited by Australopithecines since at least 2.5 million years
History_of_South_Africa
Subspecies of the eastern gorilla
conservation and a discussion of the two as halves of a whole seems more constructive. For example, in 2002, Rwanda's national parks went through a restructuring
Mountain_gorilla
American Roman Catholic priest (born 1951)
advisers for Instituto Fe y Libertad, in Guatemala the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow and the Civic Institute in Prague. Catholicism's Developing
Robert_Sirico
Framework for integrating diverse theories
Esbjörn-Hargens (ed.). Integral Theory in Action: Applied, Theoretical, and Constructive Perspectives on the AQAL Model. SUNY Series in Integral Theory. Albany
Integral_theory
Political alignment in the right-wing spectrum
and sociopolitical change in Africa and other developing countries: a constructive discourse in state building (first ed.). Lexington Books. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-7391-2332-4
Far-right_politics
Psychological theory describing the evolution of moral reasoning
by Piaget, who also claimed that logic and morality develop through constructive stages. Expanding on Piaget's work, Kohlberg determined that the process
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Lawrence_Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development
Scientific study of humans, human behavior, and societies
social life. Biological (or physical) anthropology studies the biology and evolution of humans and their close primate relatives. Archaeology, often referred
Anthropology
7th-century battle of the First Fitna
have done anything more for Uthman. Reza Shah-Kazemi points to Ali's "constructive criticism" of Uthman and his opposition to violence, while Moojan Momen
Battle_of_the_Camel
British multinational oil and gas company
University Press. p. 1096. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0. Beale, Nicholas (2012). Constructive Engagement: Directors and Investors in Action. Gower Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4094-5782-4
BP
International new religious movement
peace and reconstruction Ek Nath Dhakal – visited Pyongyang and had constructive talks with the Korean Workers' Party. In 2020 the movement held an in-person
Unification_Church
British politician (1912–1998)
Powell was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. In 1994, he published The Evolution of the Gospel: A New Translation of the First Gospel with Commentary and
Enoch_Powell
International multi-language newspaper affiliated with Falun Gong
December 30, 2024. "Chinese Influence & American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance" (PDF). Hoover Institution. November 29, 2018. Archived from
The_Epoch_Times
American philosopher, psychologist, and activist (1859–1952)
wrote introductions to Alexander's Man's Supreme Inheritance (1918), Constructive Conscious Control of the Individual (1923) and The Use of the Self (1932)
John_Dewey
on X. Some in the community also concluded that he was "not here" to constructively build the encyclopedia. He criticized the ban and lack of due process
List_of_critics_of_Wikipedia
Unowned or untamed domestic cat in the outdoors
in the feral cat Trap-Neuter-Return debate and new opportunities for constructive dialogue". Conservation Science and Practice. 4 (4) e12641. Bibcode:2022ConSP
Feral_cat
Anxiety caused by thoughts of death
often activated by a death-related trauma, and while they may lead to constructive actions, more often than not they lead to actions that are damaging to
Death_anxiety
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922
secretary Francis Knollys, stating that his behaviour in Parliament was more constructive but that in speeches to the public "the combative spirit seems to get
David_Lloyd_George
Irish writer (1856–1950)
insisted that it was Gilbert who was heartless, while he himself was constructive. With another election looming in 1895, the text of To Your Tents was
George_Bernard_Shaw
is the president-elect of Chile and deserves all of our respect and constructive collaboration. Chile is always first". Later that day, Kast visited Boric
2021_Chilean_general_election
1939 neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
December. Since negotiations at that conference did not prove to be constructive from an American point of view, the document edition was sent to press
Molotov–Ribbentrop_Pact
Pro-Esperanto European political alliance
oneself. Democracy guarantees and distributes means for peaceful and constructive debates. Democracy also guarantees respect for minorities. Respect for
Europe–Democracy–Esperanto
Jungian theories
collaboration on psychoanalysis was drawing to an end between 1912 and 1913. The evolution of his science is contained in his monumental opus, the Collected Works
Analytical_psychology
Model of conflict for two players in game theory
1216/rmjm/1181072273. Deutsch, Morton (1974). The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 978-0-300-01683-3
Chicken_(game)
Schools of thought on classless society
is moulding people ideologically as communists and mobilizing them to constructive action. The New Left was a broad political movement mainly in the 1960s
List_of_communist_ideologies
Basic emotion induced by a perceived threat
eschatology becoming replaced by more realistic scenarios. Such might constructively provoke discussion and steps to be taken to prevent depicted catastrophes
Fear
German founder of psychology (1832–1920)
teleological explanations. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had a far greater and more constructive influence on Wundt's psychology, philosophy, epistemology and ethics
Wilhelm_Wundt
Unrecognized state in North America (1861–1865)
alternative policies and to press for the adoption of these policies on a constructive basis. ... But the absence of a two-party system meant the absence of
Confederate_States_of_America
Break of communion between the Western and Eastern churches
and Rome, remained. Until this happened, Rome often tried to act as a neutral mediator in disputes among the Eastern patriarchates. In Eastern Christendom
East–West_Schism
657 battle of the First Fitna
more for Uthman. The Islamic author Reza Shah-Kazemi points to Ali's "constructive criticism" of Uthman and his opposition to violence, while the Bahai
Battle_of_Siffin
taken some neutral positions, in general they have been described as being supportive of Ukraine. Many of these countries are described as neutral but have
Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine
Symbolic representation of cyclic existence
knowledge – a blind person, often walking, or a person peering out Saṃskāra constructive volitional activity – a potter shaping a vessel or vessels Vijñāna consciousness –
Bhavacakra
positive event with them. Active-constructive responses clearly communicate enthusiasm for the positive event, passive-constructive responses express support
Caring in intimate relationships
Caring_in_intimate_relationships
Appointment of the fourth Rashidun Caliph
have done anything more for Uthman. Reza Shah-Kazemi points to Ali's "constructive criticism" of Uthman and his opposition to violence, while Moojan Momen
Election of Ali to the caliphate
Election_of_Ali_to_the_caliphate
Shia Imam (632–661) and Rashidun caliph (656–661)
Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-18661-0. Lucas, S.C. (2004). Constructive Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and the Articulation of Sunnī Islam: The
Ali
Cuban-Chilean artist (born 1974)
abstraction. Throughout her career she has consistently explored memory as a constructive rather than documentary process. Rather than depicting specific autobiographical
Astrid_Alcayaga
Range of new religious beliefs and practices
material universe as a meaningful illusion, which humans should try to use constructively rather than focus on escaping into other spiritual realms. This physical
New_Age
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