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Block cipher
cryptography, E2 is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by NTT and submitted to the AES competition. Like other AES candidates, E2 operates
E2_(cipher)
Topics referred to by the same term
Haplogroup E2 (Y-DNA), a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup E2 (cipher), a block cipher submitted to the AES competition by NTT Tungsten E2, a business-class
E2
Cryptography algorithm
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Block cipher
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products. Blowfish provides
Blowfish_(cipher)
Algorithm
use either stream ciphers or block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bytes), or letters (in substitution ciphers) of a message one
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
(or "E") for the eavesdropping adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, cryptography
Cryptography
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. AES is a variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Chinese block cipher
ShāngMì 4 (SM4, 商密4) (formerly SMS4) is a block cipher, standardised for commercial cryptography in China. It is used in the Chinese National Standard
SM4_(cipher)
Type of cipher
cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building
Block_cipher
Cryptography construction
cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the
Feistel_cipher
Block cipher
Threefish is a symmetric-key tweakable block cipher designed as part of the Skein hash function, an entry in the NIST hash function competition. Threefish
Threefish
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
GOST block cipher (Magma), defined in the standard GOST 28147-89, is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher with a block
GOST_(block_cipher)
Input to a cryptographic primitive
between (potentially similar) segments of the encrypted message. For block ciphers, the use of an IV is described by the modes of operation. Some cryptographic
Initialization_vector
Block cipher
In cryptography, Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits. It was one of the five finalists of
Twofish
Wide-block cipher
Adiantum is a cipher composition for disk encryption. It uses a new cipher construction called HBSH (hash, block cipher, stream cipher, hash), specifically
Adiantum_(cipher)
Form of cryptanalaysis
technique has been applied to SAFER, IDEA, Skipjack, E2, Twofish, Camellia, CRYPTON, and even the stream cipher Salsa20. Lars Knudsen (1994). Truncated and Higher
Truncated differential cryptanalysis
Truncated_differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Prince is a block cipher targeting low latency, unrolled hardware implementations. It is based on the so-called FX construction. Its most notable feature
Prince_(cipher)
Process of developing the AES standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the symmetric block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
In cryptography, Square (sometimes written SQUARE) is a block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. The design, published in 1997, is a forerunner
Square_(cipher)
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers. The proposal was first published in 2007. The GCM algorithm belongs to
Galois/Counter_Mode
Block cypher operating mode
The xor–encrypt–xor (XEX) is a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. In tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing (XTS mode), it is one
Xor–encrypt–xor
Block cipher
In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Feistel network based block cipher
In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed
Camellia_(cipher)
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, raising suspicions about a backdoor
Data_Encryption_Standard
Family of block ciphers
Speck is part of a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Speck has been optimized
Speck_(cipher)
Family of authenticated ciphers
Ascon is a family of lightweight authenticated ciphers and hash functions that have been selected by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
Ascon_(cipher)
Block cipher
cryptography, Corrected Block TEA (often referred to as XXTEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in the original Block TEA. XXTEA is vulnerable
XXTEA
Block cipher
The Hasty Pudding cipher (HPC) is a variable-block-size block cipher designed by Richard Schroeppel, which was an unsuccessful candidate in the competition
Hasty_Pudding_cipher
Block cipher
Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher that was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest, in which it ranked second to Rijndael. Serpent
Serpent_(cipher)
Block cipher
cryptography, the IDEA NXT algorithm (previously known as FOX) is a block cipher designed by Pascal Junod and Serge Vaudenay of EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland)
IDEA_NXT
Block cipher
In cryptography, KN-Cipher is a block cipher created by Kaisa Nyberg and Lars Knudsen in 1995. One of the first ciphers designed to be provably secure
KN-Cipher
Block cipher
Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block. The 56-bit key
Triple_DES
Block cipher
(Russian for 'Grasshopper'; Cyrillic script: Кузнечик) is a symmetric block cipher. It has a block size of 128 bits and key length of 256 bits. It is defined
Kuznyechik
Cryptographic algorithm
PRESENT is a lightweight block cipher, developed by Orange Labs (France), Ruhr University Bochum (Germany) and the Technical University of Denmark in 2007
PRESENT
Coppersmith • Dorabella Cipher • Double Ratchet Algorithm • Doug Stinson • Dragon (cipher) • DRYAD • Dual_EC_DRBG E0 (cipher) • E2 (cipher) • E4M • EAP-AKA •
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Exploitation of impossible differences in block ciphers
cryptanalysis. The technique has since been applied to many other ciphers: Khufu and Khafre, E2, variants of Serpent, MARS, Twofish, Rijndael (AES), CRYPTON
Impossible differential cryptanalysis
Impossible_differential_cryptanalysis
Symmetric-key block cipher
Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described
International Data Encryption Algorithm
International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
report, Sincerely yours, etc. The primary use of padding with classical ciphers is to prevent the cryptanalyst from using that predictability to find known
Padding_(cryptography)
Attacks against common ciphers
This article summarizes publicly known attacks against block ciphers and stream ciphers. Note that there are perhaps attacks that are not publicly known
Cipher_security_summary
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC6 is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5. It was designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin to meet
RC6
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher notable for its simplicity. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1994, According to Ron Rivest, RC stands
RC5
Block cipher
In cryptography, MacGuffin is a block cipher created in 1994 by Bruce Schneier and Matt Blaze at a Fast Software Encryption workshop. It was intended as
MacGuffin_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, SHARK is a block cipher identified as one of the predecessors of Rijndael (the Advanced Encryption Standard). SHARK has a 64-bit block
SHARK
Concept in cryptography
is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly
Avalanche_effect
Block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee
In cryptography, Zodiac is a block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee for the Korean firm SoftForum. Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure
Zodiac_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, KHAZAD is a block cipher designed by Paulo S. L. M. Barreto together with Vincent Rijmen, one of the designers of the Advanced Encryption
KHAZAD
Block cipher
In cryptography, MAGENTA is a symmetric key block cipher developed by Michael Jacobson Jr. and Klaus Huber for Deutsche Telekom. The name MAGENTA is an
MAGENTA
Block cipher
SEED is a block cipher developed by the Korea Information Security Agency (KISA). It is used broadly throughout South Korean industry, but seldom found
SEED
Block cipher
In cryptography, ARIA is a block cipher designed in 2003 by a large group of South Korean researchers. In 2004, the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards
ARIA_(cipher)
Block ciphers
The BEAR and LION block ciphers were invented by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham by combining a stream cipher and a cryptographic hash function. The algorithms
BEAR_and_LION_ciphers
Form of cryptanalysis
affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two
Linear_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
In cryptography, Skipjack is a block cipher — an algorithm for encryption — developed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). Initially a
Skipjack_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, M8 is a block cipher designed by Hitachi in 1999. It is a modification of Hitachi's earlier M6 algorithm, designed for greater security
M8_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, MESH is a block cipher designed in 2002 by Jorge Nakahara, Jr., Vincent Rijmen, Bart Preneel, and Joos Vandewalle. MESH is based directly
MESH_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, Grand Cru is a block cipher invented in 2000 by Johan Borst. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected. Grand Cru is
Grand_Cru_(cipher)
Japanese cryptography research project
CRYPTREC included certain 64-bit block ciphers in its recommended list, while NESSIE did not select any 64-bit block ciphers in its final portfolio. Similarly
CRYPTREC
Block cipher
KASUMI is a block cipher used in UMTS, GSM, and GPRS mobile communications systems. In UMTS, KASUMI is used in the confidentiality (f8) and integrity algorithms
KASUMI
Block cipher
Kalyna (Ukrainian: Калина, Viburnum opulus) is a symmetric block cipher. It supports block sizes of 128, 256 or 512 bits; the key length is either equal
Kalyna_(cipher)
Block cipher
Anubis is a block cipher designed by Vincent Rijmen and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto as an entrant in the NESSIE project, a former research program initiated
Anubis_(cipher)
Block cipher
Multiplication-based Block cipher) is a block cipher designed by Joan Daemen as an improved replacement for the IDEA cipher. Modular multiplication is
MMB_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, xmx is a block cipher designed in 1997 by David M'Raïhi, David Naccache, Jacques Stern, and Serge Vaudenay. According to the designers
Xmx
Block cipher
MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process. MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after
MARS_(cipher)
Earliest civilian block ciphers
Lucifer was the name given to several of the earliest civilian block ciphers, developed by Horst Feistel and his colleagues at IBM. Lucifer was a direct
Lucifer_(cipher)
Cryptographic algorithm
cryptography, ciphertext stealing (CTS) is a general method of using a block cipher mode of operation that allows for processing of messages that are not evenly
Ciphertext_stealing
Republic of Korea national standard block cipher
Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (also known as LEA) is a 128-bit block cipher developed by South Korea in 2013 to provide confidentiality in high-speed
LEA_(cipher)
Form of cryptanalysis
block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David Wagner, who used it to break the COCONUT98 cipher. The boomerang
Boomerang_attack
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
(counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated
CCM_mode
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense,
Differential_cryptanalysis
Block ciphers
In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. Along with
Khufu_and_Khafre
Block cipher
cryptography, XTEA (eXtended TEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in TEA. The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham
XTEA
Block cipher
In cryptography, FEAL (the Fast data Encipherment Algorithm) is a block cipher proposed as an alternative to the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and designed
FEAL
Cipher
In cryptography, the Iraqi block cipher was a block cipher published in C source code form by anonymous FTP upload around July 1999, and widely distributed
Iraqi_block_cipher
Block cipher
In cryptography, DFC (Decorrelated Fast Cipher) is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by a group of researchers from École Normale Supérieure
DFC_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, Nimbus is a block cipher invented by Alexis Machado in 2000. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected. The algorithm
Nimbus_(cipher)
Block cipher
3-Way is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Joan Daemen. It is closely related to BaseKing; the two are variants of the same general cipher technique. 3-Way
3-Way
Block cipher
cryptography, the Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm (CMEA) is a block cipher which was used for securing mobile phones in the United States. CMEA is
Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm
Cellular_Message_Encryption_Algorithm
Cipher design construction
network (SPN), is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES (Rijndael), 3-Way, Kalyna, Kuznyechik, PRESENT, SAFER
Substitution–permutation network
Substitution–permutation_network
Function that is its own inverse
complementation in set theory; and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the Beaufort polyalphabetic cipher. The composition g ∘ f of two involutions
Involution_(mathematics)
Family of block ciphers
LOKI91 are symmetric-key block ciphers designed as possible replacements for the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The ciphers were developed based on a body
LOKI
Family of lightweight block ciphers
Simon is a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Simon has been optimized for performance
Simon_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, UES (Universal Encryption Standard) is a block cipher designed in 1999 by Helena Handschuh and Serge Vaudenay. They proposed it as a transitional
UES_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, NewDES is a symmetric key block cipher. It was created in 1984–1985 by Robert Scott as a potential DES replacement. Despite its name,
NewDES
Classified National Security Agency Type 1 encryption algorithm
Mode (also known as Key-Auto-KEY or KAK) and Autoclave Mode (also known as Cipher-Text Auto Key or CTAK). On the AIM microchip, it runs at 4% of the clock
SAVILLE
Block cipher
Chiasmus is a secret German government block cipher that was leaked by reverse engineering. It became notorious for its dilettante use in the BSI's software
Chiasmus_(cipher)
Basic component of symmetric key algorithms
component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and
S-box
Block cipher
block cipher designed by Ron Rivest in 1987. "RC" stands for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6), but generally called simply RC2. Other ciphers designed
RC2
Family of block ciphers
In cryptography, Hierocrypt-L1 and Hierocrypt-3 are block ciphers created by Toshiba in 2000. They were submitted to the NESSIE project, but were not
Hierocrypt
Cryptanalytic attacks using a system of multivariate equations
objective is to reduce the non linearity of the equations and then solve the cipher to decrypt into plaintext. It has been used for vulnerability testing for
Algebraic_attack
Block cipher
In cryptography, CIPHERUNICORN-E is a block cipher created by NEC in 1998. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government
CIPHERUNICORN-E
Block cipher
BATON is a Type 1 block cipher in use since at least 1995 by the United States government to secure classified information. While the BATON algorithm itself
BATON
Block cipher
In cryptography, CAST-256 (or CAST6) is a symmetric-key block cipher published in June 1998. It was submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption
CAST-256
Block cipher
block cipher proposed by Hitachi in 1997 for use in the IEEE 1394 FireWire standard. The design allows some freedom in choosing a few of the cipher's operations
M6_(cipher)
Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key
In cryptography, the so-called product ciphers are a certain kind of cipher, where the (de-)ciphering of data is typically done as an iteration of rounds
Key_schedule
Block cipher
cryptography, ICE (Information Concealment Engine) is a symmetric-key block cipher published by Matthew Kwan in 1997. The algorithm is similar in structure
ICE_(cipher)
Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard
of the cipher identifies the number of null bytes of padding added. Careful choice must be made in selecting the mode of operation of the cipher. The simplest
AES_implementations
Technique to increase the security of an iterated block cipher
whitening is a technique intended to increase the security of an iterated block cipher. It consists of steps that combine the data with portions of the key. The
Key_whitening
Block cipher
In cryptography, CRYPTON is a symmetric block cipher submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It is very efficient in hardware
CRYPTON
Authenticated encryption mode of operation for block ciphers
an authenticated encryption mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. OCB mode was designed by Phillip Rogaway, who credits Mihir Bellare, John
OCB_mode
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
Sparse Linearization (XSL) attack is a method of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. The attack was first published in 2002 by researchers Nicolas Courtois
XSL_attack
Type of cryptographic attack
form of cryptanalysis where the attacker can observe the operation of a cipher under several different keys whose values are initially unknown, but where
Related-key_attack
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