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E2 CIPHER

  • E2 (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    cryptography, E2 is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by NTT and submitted to the AES competition. Like other AES candidates, E2 operates

    E2 (cipher)

    E2_(cipher)

  • E2

    • Topics referred to by the same term

    Haplogroup E2 (Y-DNA), a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup E2 (cipher), a block cipher submitted to the AES competition by NTT Tungsten E2, a business-class

    E2

    E2

  • Block cipher mode of operation

    • Cryptography algorithm

    In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or

    Block cipher mode of operation

    Block cipher mode of operation

    Block_cipher_mode_of_operation

  • Cryptography

    • Practice and study of secure communication techniques

    (or "E") for the eavesdropping adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, cryptography

    Cryptography

    Cryptography

    Cryptography

  • SM4 (cipher)

    • Chinese block cipher

    ShāngMì 4 (SM4, 商密4) (formerly SMS4) is a block cipher, standardised for commercial cryptography in China. It is used in the Chinese National Standard

    SM4 (cipher)

    SM4 (cipher)

    SM4_(cipher)

  • Symmetric-key algorithm

    • Algorithm

    use either stream ciphers or block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bytes), or letters (in substitution ciphers) of a message one

    Symmetric-key algorithm

    Symmetric-key algorithm

    Symmetric-key_algorithm

  • Advanced Encryption Standard

    • Standard for the encryption of electronic data

    Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. AES is a variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen

    Advanced Encryption Standard

    Advanced Encryption Standard

    Advanced_Encryption_Standard

  • Blowfish (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products. Blowfish provides

    Blowfish (cipher)

    Blowfish_(cipher)

  • Block cipher

    • Type of cipher

    cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building

    Block cipher

    Block_cipher

  • Threefish

    • Block cipher

    Threefish is a symmetric-key tweakable block cipher designed as part of the Skein hash function, an entry in the NIST hash function competition. Threefish

    Threefish

    Threefish

    Threefish

  • GOST (block cipher)

    • Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher

    GOST block cipher (Magma), defined in the standard GOST 28147-89, is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher with a block

    GOST (block cipher)

    GOST (block cipher)

    GOST_(block_cipher)

  • Feistel cipher

    • Cryptography construction

    cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the

    Feistel cipher

    Feistel cipher

    Feistel_cipher

  • Initialization vector

    • Input to a cryptographic primitive

    between (potentially similar) segments of the encrypted message. For block ciphers, the use of an IV is described by the modes of operation. Some cryptographic

    Initialization vector

    Initialization_vector

  • Advanced Encryption Standard process

    • Process of developing the AES standard

    The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the symmetric block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United

    Advanced Encryption Standard process

    Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process

  • Square (cipher)

    • Block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen

    In cryptography, Square (sometimes written SQUARE) is a block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. The design, published in 1997, is a forerunner

    Square (cipher)

    Square_(cipher)

  • Truncated differential cryptanalysis

    • Form of cryptanalaysis

    technique has been applied to SAFER, IDEA, Skipjack, E2, Twofish, Camellia, CRYPTON, and even the stream cipher Salsa20. Lars Knudsen (1994). Truncated and Higher

    Truncated differential cryptanalysis

    Truncated_differential_cryptanalysis

  • Twofish

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits. It was one of the five finalists of

    Twofish

    Twofish

    Twofish

  • Camellia (cipher)

    • Feistel network based block cipher

    In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed

    Camellia (cipher)

    Camellia_(cipher)

  • Galois/Counter Mode

    • Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers

    Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers. The proposal was first published in 2007. The GCM algorithm belongs to

    Galois/Counter Mode

    Galois/Counter_Mode

  • Adiantum (cipher)

    • Wide-block cipher

    Adiantum is a cipher composition for disk encryption. It uses a new cipher construction called HBSH (hash, block cipher, stream cipher, hash), specifically

    Adiantum (cipher)

    Adiantum_(cipher)

  • Prince (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    Prince is a block cipher targeting low latency, unrolled hardware implementations. It is based on the so-called FX construction. Its most notable feature

    Prince (cipher)

    Prince_(cipher)

  • Xor–encrypt–xor

    • Block cypher operating mode

    The xor–encrypt–xor (XEX) is a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. In tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing (XTS mode), it is one

    Xor–encrypt–xor

    Xor–encrypt–xor

    Xor–encrypt–xor

  • KN-Cipher

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, KN-Cipher is a block cipher created by Kaisa Nyberg and Lars Knudsen in 1995. One of the first ciphers designed to be provably secure

    KN-Cipher

    KN-Cipher

  • Speck (cipher)

    • Family of block ciphers

    Speck is part of a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Speck has been optimized

    Speck (cipher)

    Speck (cipher)

    Speck_(cipher)

  • Tiny Encryption Algorithm

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines

    Tiny Encryption Algorithm

    Tiny Encryption Algorithm

    Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm

  • Data Encryption Standard

    • Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher

    design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, raising suspicions about a backdoor

    Data Encryption Standard

    Data Encryption Standard

    Data_Encryption_Standard

  • Ascon (cipher)

    • Family of authenticated ciphers

    Ascon is a family of lightweight authenticated ciphers and hash functions that have been selected by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology

    Ascon (cipher)

    Ascon_(cipher)

  • XXTEA

    • Block cipher

    cryptography, Corrected Block TEA (often referred to as XXTEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in the original Block TEA. XXTEA is vulnerable

    XXTEA

    XXTEA

    XXTEA

  • Kuznyechik

    • Block cipher

    (Russian for 'Grasshopper'; Cyrillic script: Кузнечик) is a symmetric block cipher. It has a block size of 128 bits and key length of 256 bits. It is defined

    Kuznyechik

    Kuznyechik

  • Hasty Pudding cipher

    • Block cipher

    The Hasty Pudding cipher (HPC) is a variable-block-size block cipher designed by Richard Schroeppel, which was an unsuccessful candidate in the competition

    Hasty Pudding cipher

    Hasty_Pudding_cipher

  • IDEA NXT

    • Block cipher

    cryptography, the IDEA NXT algorithm (previously known as FOX) is a block cipher designed by Pascal Junod and Serge Vaudenay of EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland)

    IDEA NXT

    IDEA NXT

    IDEA_NXT

  • Index of cryptography articles

    • Coppersmith • Dorabella Cipher • Double Ratchet Algorithm • Doug Stinson • Dragon (cipher) • DRYAD • Dual_EC_DRBG E0 (cipher) • E2 (cipher) • E4M • EAP-AKA •

    Index of cryptography articles

    Index_of_cryptography_articles

  • Triple DES

    • Block cipher

    Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block. The 56-bit key

    Triple DES

    Triple DES

    Triple_DES

  • MESH (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, MESH is a block cipher designed in 2002 by Jorge Nakahara, Jr., Vincent Rijmen, Bart Preneel, and Joos Vandewalle. MESH is based directly

    MESH (cipher)

    MESH_(cipher)

  • Impossible differential cryptanalysis

    • Exploitation of impossible differences in block ciphers

    cryptanalysis. The technique has since been applied to many other ciphers: Khufu and Khafre, E2, variants of Serpent, MARS, Twofish, Rijndael (AES), CRYPTON

    Impossible differential cryptanalysis

    Impossible_differential_cryptanalysis

  • Serpent (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher that was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest, in which it ranked second to Rijndael. Serpent

    Serpent (cipher)

    Serpent (cipher)

    Serpent_(cipher)

  • Padding (cryptography)

    • Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length

    report, Sincerely yours, etc. The primary use of padding with classical ciphers is to prevent the cryptanalyst from using that predictability to find known

    Padding (cryptography)

    Padding_(cryptography)

  • PRESENT

    • Cryptographic algorithm

    PRESENT is a lightweight block cipher, developed by Orange Labs (France), Ruhr University Bochum (Germany) and the Technical University of Denmark in 2007

    PRESENT

    PRESENT

  • RC6

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, RC6 is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5. It was designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin to meet

    RC6

    RC6

    RC6

  • Zodiac (cipher)

    • Block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee

    In cryptography, Zodiac is a block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee for the Korean firm SoftForum. Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure

    Zodiac (cipher)

    Zodiac_(cipher)

  • Grand Cru (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, Grand Cru is a block cipher invented in 2000 by Johan Borst. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected. Grand Cru is

    Grand Cru (cipher)

    Grand_Cru_(cipher)

  • RC5

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher notable for its simplicity. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1994, According to Ron Rivest, RC stands

    RC5

    RC5

    RC5

  • MAGENTA

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, MAGENTA is a symmetric key block cipher developed by Michael Jacobson Jr. and Klaus Huber for Deutsche Telekom. The name MAGENTA is an

    MAGENTA

    MAGENTA

  • SHARK

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, SHARK is a block cipher identified as one of the predecessors of Rijndael (the Advanced Encryption Standard). SHARK has a 64-bit block

    SHARK

    SHARK

  • MacGuffin (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, MacGuffin is a block cipher created in 1994 by Bruce Schneier and Matt Blaze at a Fast Software Encryption workshop. It was intended as

    MacGuffin (cipher)

    MacGuffin (cipher)

    MacGuffin_(cipher)

  • International Data Encryption Algorithm

    • Symmetric-key block cipher

    Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described

    International Data Encryption Algorithm

    International Data Encryption Algorithm

    International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm

  • Anubis (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    Anubis is a block cipher designed by Vincent Rijmen and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto as an entrant in the NESSIE project, a former research program initiated

    Anubis (cipher)

    Anubis_(cipher)

  • KHAZAD

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, KHAZAD is a block cipher designed by Paulo S. L. M. Barreto together with Vincent Rijmen, one of the designers of the Advanced Encryption

    KHAZAD

    KHAZAD

  • SEED

    • Block cipher

    SEED is a block cipher developed by the Korea Information Security Agency (KISA). It is used broadly throughout South Korean industry, but seldom found

    SEED

    SEED

  • ARIA (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, ARIA is a block cipher designed in 2003 by a large group of South Korean researchers. In 2004, the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards

    ARIA (cipher)

    ARIA_(cipher)

  • BEAR and LION ciphers

    • Block ciphers

    The BEAR and LION block ciphers were invented by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham by combining a stream cipher and a cryptographic hash function. The algorithms

    BEAR and LION ciphers

    BEAR_and_LION_ciphers

  • Linear cryptanalysis

    • Form of cryptanalysis

    affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two

    Linear cryptanalysis

    Linear_cryptanalysis

  • Skipjack (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, Skipjack is a block cipher — an algorithm for encryption — developed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). Initially a

    Skipjack (cipher)

    Skipjack_(cipher)

  • Cipher security summary

    • Attacks against common ciphers

    This article summarizes publicly known attacks against block ciphers and stream ciphers. Note that there are perhaps attacks that are not publicly known

    Cipher security summary

    Cipher_security_summary

  • CRYPTREC

    • Japanese cryptography research project

    CRYPTREC included certain 64-bit block ciphers in its recommended list, while NESSIE did not select any 64-bit block ciphers in its final portfolio. Similarly

    CRYPTREC

    CRYPTREC

  • KASUMI

    • Block cipher

    KASUMI is a block cipher used in UMTS, GSM, and GPRS mobile communications systems. In UMTS, KASUMI is used in the confidentiality (f8) and integrity algorithms

    KASUMI

    KASUMI

  • Xmx

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, xmx is a block cipher designed in 1997 by David M'Raïhi, David Naccache, Jacques Stern, and Serge Vaudenay. According to the designers

    Xmx

    Xmx

  • MARS (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process. MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after

    MARS (cipher)

    MARS_(cipher)

  • MMB (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    Multiplication-based Block cipher) is a block cipher designed by Joan Daemen as an improved replacement for the IDEA cipher. Modular multiplication is

    MMB (cipher)

    MMB_(cipher)

  • Khufu and Khafre

    • Block ciphers

    In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. Along with

    Khufu and Khafre

    Khufu_and_Khafre

  • Boomerang attack

    • Form of cryptanalysis

    block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David Wagner, who used it to break the COCONUT98 cipher. The boomerang

    Boomerang attack

    Boomerang attack

    Boomerang_attack

  • XTEA

    • Block cipher

    cryptography, XTEA (eXtended TEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in TEA. The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham

    XTEA

    XTEA

    XTEA

  • Ciphertext stealing

    • Cryptographic algorithm

    cryptography, ciphertext stealing (CTS) is a general method of using a block cipher mode of operation that allows for processing of messages that are not evenly

    Ciphertext stealing

    Ciphertext_stealing

  • Lucifer (cipher)

    • Earliest civilian block ciphers

    Lucifer was the name given to several of the earliest civilian block ciphers, developed by Horst Feistel and his colleagues at IBM. Lucifer was a direct

    Lucifer (cipher)

    Lucifer_(cipher)

  • FEAL

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, FEAL (the Fast data Encipherment Algorithm) is a block cipher proposed as an alternative to the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and designed

    FEAL

    FEAL

    FEAL

  • Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm

    • Block cipher

    cryptography, the Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm (CMEA) is a block cipher which was used for securing mobile phones in the United States. CMEA is

    Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm

    Cellular_Message_Encryption_Algorithm

  • CCM mode

    • Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers

    (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated

    CCM mode

    CCM_mode

  • Avalanche effect

    • Concept in cryptography

    is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly

    Avalanche effect

    Avalanche effect

    Avalanche_effect

  • Kalyna (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    Kalyna (Ukrainian: Калина, Viburnum opulus) is a symmetric block cipher. It supports block sizes of 128, 256 or 512 bits; the key length is either equal

    Kalyna (cipher)

    Kalyna_(cipher)

  • M8 (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, M8 is a block cipher designed by Hitachi in 1999. It is a modification of Hitachi's earlier M6 algorithm, designed for greater security

    M8 (cipher)

    M8_(cipher)

  • Cryptomeria cipher

    • Block cipher used by the 4C Entity

    The Cryptomeria cipher, also called C2, is a proprietary block cipher defined and licensed by the 4C Entity. It is the successor to CSS algorithm (used

    Cryptomeria cipher

    Cryptomeria cipher

    Cryptomeria_cipher

  • 3-Way

    • Block cipher

    3-Way is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Joan Daemen. It is closely related to BaseKing; the two are variants of the same general cipher technique. 3-Way

    3-Way

    3-Way

  • DFC (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, DFC (Decorrelated Fast Cipher) is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by a group of researchers from École Normale Supérieure

    DFC (cipher)

    DFC_(cipher)

  • Differential cryptanalysis

    • General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers

    general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense,

    Differential cryptanalysis

    Differential_cryptanalysis

  • Substitution–permutation network

    • Cipher design construction

    network (SPN), is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES (Rijndael), 3-Way, Kalyna, Kuznyechik, PRESENT, SAFER

    Substitution–permutation network

    Substitution–permutation network

    Substitution–permutation_network

  • Nimbus (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, Nimbus is a block cipher invented by Alexis Machado in 2000. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected. The algorithm

    Nimbus (cipher)

    Nimbus_(cipher)

  • CRYPTON

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, CRYPTON is a symmetric block cipher submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It is very efficient in hardware

    CRYPTON

    CRYPTON

  • NewDES

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, NewDES is a symmetric key block cipher. It was created in 1984–1985 by Robert Scott as a potential DES replacement. Despite its name,

    NewDES

    NewDES

  • Iraqi block cipher

    • Cipher

    In cryptography, the Iraqi block cipher was a block cipher published in C source code form by anonymous FTP upload around July 1999, and widely distributed

    Iraqi block cipher

    Iraqi_block_cipher

  • Key schedule

    • Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key

    In cryptography, the so-called product ciphers are a certain kind of cipher, where the (de-)ciphering of data is typically done as an iteration of rounds

    Key schedule

    Key schedule

    Key_schedule

  • CIPHERUNICORN-E

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, CIPHERUNICORN-E is a block cipher created by NEC in 1998. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government

    CIPHERUNICORN-E

    CIPHERUNICORN-E

  • ICE (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    cryptography, ICE (Information Concealment Engine) is a symmetric-key block cipher published by Matthew Kwan in 1997. The algorithm is similar in structure

    ICE (cipher)

    ICE (cipher)

    ICE_(cipher)

  • LEA (cipher)

    • Republic of Korea national standard block cipher

    Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (also known as LEA) is a 128-bit block cipher developed by South Korea in 2013 to provide confidentiality in high-speed

    LEA (cipher)

    LEA (cipher)

    LEA_(cipher)

  • LOKI

    • Family of block ciphers

    LOKI91 are symmetric-key block ciphers designed as possible replacements for the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The ciphers were developed based on a body

    LOKI

    LOKI

  • SAVILLE

    • Classified National Security Agency Type 1 encryption algorithm

    Mode (also known as Key-Auto-KEY or KAK) and Autoclave Mode (also known as Cipher-Text Auto Key or CTAK). On the AIM microchip, it runs at 4% of the clock

    SAVILLE

    SAVILLE

  • Chiasmus (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    Chiasmus is a secret German government block cipher that was leaked by reverse engineering. It became notorious for its dilettante use in the BSI's software

    Chiasmus (cipher)

    Chiasmus_(cipher)

  • S-box

    • Basic component of symmetric key algorithms

    component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and

    S-box

    S-box

  • RC2

    • Block cipher

    block cipher designed by Ron Rivest in 1987. "RC" stands for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6), but generally called simply RC2. Other ciphers designed

    RC2

    RC2

    RC2

  • Hierocrypt

    • Family of block ciphers

    In cryptography, Hierocrypt-L1 and Hierocrypt-3 are block ciphers created by Toshiba in 2000. They were submitted to the NESSIE project, but were not

    Hierocrypt

    Hierocrypt

  • Crab (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, Crab is a block cipher proposed by Burt Kaliski and Matt Robshaw at the first Fast Software Encryption workshop in 1993. Not really intended

    Crab (cipher)

    Crab_(cipher)

  • BATON

    • Block cipher

    BATON is a Type 1 block cipher in use since at least 1995 by the United States government to secure classified information. While the BATON algorithm itself

    BATON

    BATON

  • Algebraic attack

    • Cryptanalytic attacks using a system of multivariate equations

    objective is to reduce the non linearity of the equations and then solve the cipher to decrypt into plaintext. It has been used for vulnerability testing for

    Algebraic attack

    Algebraic_attack

  • UES (cipher)

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, UES (Universal Encryption Standard) is a block cipher designed in 1999 by Helena Handschuh and Serge Vaudenay. They proposed it as a transitional

    UES (cipher)

    UES_(cipher)

  • FROG

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, FROG is a block cipher authored by Georgoudis, Leroux and Chaves. The algorithm can work with any block size between 8 and 128 bytes,

    FROG

    FROG

  • CAST-256

    • Block cipher

    In cryptography, CAST-256 (or CAST6) is a symmetric-key block cipher published in June 1998. It was submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption

    CAST-256

    CAST-256

  • OCB mode

    • Authenticated encryption mode of operation for block ciphers

    an authenticated encryption mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. OCB mode was designed by Phillip Rogaway, who credits Mihir Bellare, John

    OCB mode

    OCB_mode

  • Involution (mathematics)

    • Function that is its own inverse

    complementation in set theory; and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the Beaufort polyalphabetic cipher. The composition g ∘ f of two involutions

    Involution (mathematics)

    Involution (mathematics)

    Involution_(mathematics)

  • Key whitening

    • Technique to increase the security of an iterated block cipher

    whitening is a technique intended to increase the security of an iterated block cipher. It consists of steps that combine the data with portions of the key. The

    Key whitening

    Key_whitening

  • Distinguishing attack

    • Form of cryptanalysis

    data encrypted by a cipher that allows an attacker to distinguish the encrypted data from random data. Modern symmetric-key ciphers are specifically designed

    Distinguishing attack

    Distinguishing_attack

  • AES implementations

    • Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard

    of the cipher identifies the number of null bytes of padding added. Careful choice must be made in selecting the mode of operation of the cipher. The simplest

    AES implementations

    AES_implementations

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Online names & meanings

  • Morgannwg

    • Boy/Male

    Welsh

    Morgannwg

    From Glamorgan.

  • Shiprak

    • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian, Marathi

    Shiprak

    Rays of Light

  • Haikal

    • Boy/Male

    Muslim/Islamic

    Haikal

    Tale

  • MORDRED

    • Male

    Arthurian

    MORDRED

    , a son of Lot; traitor to Arthur.

  • Jyotiraditya

    • Boy/Male

    Hindu

    Jyotiraditya

    The resplendence of the Sun, Lord Krishna

  • Rungnir

    • Boy/Male

    Norse

    Rungnir

    A mythical giant killed by Thor.

  • Alexandria

    • Girl/Female

    American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Egyptian, English, French, Greek, Hebrew, Latin

    Alexandria

    Form of Alexander; Helper and Defender of Mankind

  • GALYA

    • Female

    Russian

    GALYA

    (Галя) Pet form of Russian Galina, GALYA means "calm, tranquil." Compare with another form of Galya.

  • Yogeswari

    • Girl/Female

    Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil

    Yogeswari

    Adept in Yoga

  • Barendra

    • Boy/Male

    Indian, Sanskrit

    Barendra

    Indra; The Best

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E2 CIPHER

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  • O

    • n.

    A cipher; zero.

  • Septillion

    • n.

    According to the French method of numeration (which is followed also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-two ciphers annexed. See Numeration.

  • Nonillion

    • n.

    According to the French and American notation, a thousand octillions, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a million octillions, or a unit with fifty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

  • Cipherer

    • n.

    One who ciphers.

  • Octillion

    • n.

    According to the French method of numeration (which method is followed also in the United States) the number expressed by a unit with twenty-seven ciphers annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers annexed. See Numeration.

  • Quintilllion

    • n.

    According to the French notation, which is used on the Continent and in America, the cube of a million, or a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a number produced by involving a million to the fifth power, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

  • Steganography

    • n.

    The art of writing in cipher, or in characters which are not intelligible except to persons who have the key; cryptography.

  • Nothing

    • n.

    A cipher; naught.

  • Quadrillion

    • n.

    According to the French notation, which is followed also upon the Continent and in the United States, a unit with fifteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the fourth power, or the number represented by a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

  • Trillion

    • n.

    According to the French notation, which is used upon the Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

  • Sextillion

    • n.

    According to the method of numeration (which is followed also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-one ciphers annexed. According to the English method, a million raised to the sixth power, or the number expressed by a unit with thirty-six ciphers annexed. See Numeration.

  • Null

    • n.

    That which has no value; a cipher; zero.

  • Naught

    • adv.

    The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher.

  • Cipher

    • a.

    Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.

  • Zero

    • n.

    A cipher; nothing; naught.

  • Polygraphy

    • n.

    The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.

  • Ciphering

    • p. pr. & vb. n.

    of Cipher

  • Ciphered

    • imp. & p. p.

    of Cipher

  • Cipher

    • n.

    A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.

  • Cipher

    • v. t.

    To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.