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Block cipher
In cryptography, DFC (Decorrelated Fast Cipher) is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by a group of researchers from École Normale Supérieure
DFC_(cipher)
Topics referred to by the same term
corridors in India, an Indian rail network DFC New Zealand Limited DFC (cipher), decorrelated fast cipher Dfc, one of six sub-classifications for subarctic
DFC
Cryptography algorithm
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
(or "E") for the eavesdropping adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, cryptography
Cryptography
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. AES is a variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Type of cipher
cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building
Block_cipher
Algorithm
use either stream ciphers or block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bytes), or letters (in substitution ciphers) of a message one
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Cryptography construction
cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the
Feistel_cipher
Block cipher
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products. Blowfish provides
Blowfish_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Block cipher
Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block. The 56-bit key
Triple_DES
Block cipher
Pudding cipher was the fastest AES candidate on a 64-bit architecture; Schroeppel claimed that it was twice as fast as its nearest competitor, DFC, and three
Hasty_Pudding_cipher
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, raising suspicions about a backdoor
Data_Encryption_Standard
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
report, Sincerely yours, etc. The primary use of padding with classical ciphers is to prevent the cryptanalyst from using that predictability to find known
Padding_(cryptography)
Chinese block cipher
ShāngMì 4 (SM4, 商密4) (formerly SMS4) is a block cipher, standardised for commercial cryptography in China. It is used in the Chinese National Standard
SM4_(cipher)
Authenticated encryption mode
Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers that provides both encryption and message authentication in a single pass
Galois/Counter_Mode
Process of developing the AES standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the symmetric block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Input to a cryptographic primitive
between (potentially similar) segments of the encrypted message. For block ciphers, the use of an IV is described by the modes of operation. Some cryptographic
Initialization_vector
Family of authenticated ciphers
Ascon is a family of lightweight authenticated ciphers and hash functions that have been selected by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
Ascon_(cipher)
Japanese cryptography research project
CRYPTREC included certain 64-bit block ciphers in its recommended list, while NESSIE did not select any 64-bit block ciphers in its final portfolio. Similarly
CRYPTREC
Republic of Korea national standard block cipher
Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (also known as LEA) is a 128-bit block cipher developed by South Korea in 2013 to provide confidentiality in high-speed
LEA_(cipher)
Block cipher
(Russian for 'Grasshopper'; Cyrillic script: Кузнечик) is a symmetric block cipher. It has a block size of 128 bits and key length of 256 bits. It is defined
Kuznyechik
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher notable for its simplicity. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1994, According to Ron Rivest, RC stands
RC5
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
GOST block cipher (Magma), defined in the standard GOST 28147-89, is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher with a block
GOST_(block_cipher)
Family of block ciphers
Speck is part of a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Speck has been optimized
Speck_(cipher)
Block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
In cryptography, Square (sometimes written SQUARE) is a block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. The design, published in 1997, is a forerunner
Square_(cipher)
Attacks against common ciphers
This article summarizes publicly known attacks against block ciphers and stream ciphers. Note that there are perhaps attacks that are not publicly known
Cipher_security_summary
Symmetric-key block cipher
Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described
International Data Encryption Algorithm
International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm
Cryptographic attack
other one or two. This type of attack is very difficult, so most of the ciphers and encryption schemes in use were not designed to resist it.[citation
Time/memory/data tradeoff attack
Time/memory/data_tradeoff_attack
Block cipher
Prince is a block cipher targeting low latency, unrolled hardware implementations. It is based on the so-called FX construction. Its most notable feature
Prince_(cipher)
Feistel network based block cipher
In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed
Camellia_(cipher)
Method of designing block ciphers
meeting certain broad criteria. Ciphers designed using these principles include COCONUT98 and the AES candidate DFC, both of which have been shown to
Decorrelation_theory
Cryptographic algorithm
cryptography, ciphertext stealing (CTS) is a general method of using a block cipher mode of operation that allows for processing of messages that are not evenly
Ciphertext_stealing
Challenges • DES supplementary material • DES-X • Deterministic encryption • DFC (cipher) • Dictionary attack • Differential cryptanalysis • Differential-linear
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Block cipher
cryptography, XTEA (eXtended TEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in TEA. The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham
XTEA
Earliest civilian block ciphers
Lucifer was the name given to several of the earliest civilian block ciphers, developed by Horst Feistel and his colleagues at IBM. Lucifer was a direct
Lucifer_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, COCONUT98 (Cipher Organized with Cute Operations and N-Universal Transformation) is a block cipher designed by Serge Vaudenay in 1998
COCONUT98
Block cipher
In cryptography, Skipjack is a block cipher—an algorithm for encryption—developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). Initially classified, it
Skipjack_(cipher)
Cryptographic algorithm
PRESENT is a lightweight block cipher, developed by Orange Labs (France), Ruhr University Bochum (Germany) and the Technical University of Denmark in 2007
PRESENT
Block cipher
In cryptography, Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits. It was one of the five finalists of
Twofish
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense,
Differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
In cryptography, Grand Cru is a block cipher invented in 2000 by Johan Borst. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected. Grand Cru is
Grand_Cru_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, MacGuffin is a block cipher created in 1994 by Bruce Schneier and Matt Blaze at a Fast Software Encryption workshop. It was intended as
MacGuffin_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, SHARK is a block cipher identified as one of the predecessors of Rijndael (the Advanced Encryption Standard). SHARK has a 64-bit block
SHARK
Family of lightweight block ciphers
Simon is a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Simon has been optimized for performance
Simon_(cipher)
Type of cipher
In cryptography, a product cipher combines two or more transformations in a manner intending that the resulting cipher is more secure than the individual
Product_cipher
Form of cryptanalysis
block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David Wagner, who used it to break the COCONUT98 cipher. The boomerang
Boomerang_attack
Cipher
In cryptography, the S-1 block cipher was a block cipher posted in source code form on Usenet on 11 August 1995. Although incorrect security markings
S-1_block_cipher
Block cipher
block cipher designed by Ron Rivest in 1987. "RC" stands for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6), but generally called simply RC2. Other ciphers designed
RC2
Basic component of symmetric key algorithms
component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and
S-box
Cipher design construction
network (SPN), is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES (Rijndael), 3-Way, Kalyna, Kuznyechik, PRESENT, SAFER
Substitution–permutation network
Substitution–permutation_network
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC6 is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5. It was designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin to meet
RC6
Block cipher
In cryptography, CRYPTON is a symmetric block cipher submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It is very efficient in hardware
CRYPTON
Block cipher
In cryptography, ARIA is a block cipher designed in 2003 by a large group of South Korean researchers. In 2004, the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards
ARIA_(cipher)
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
(counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated
CCM_mode
Block cipher
MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process. MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after
MARS_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, MESH is a block cipher designed in 2002 by Jorge Nakahara, Jr., Vincent Rijmen, Bart Preneel, and Joos Vandewalle. MESH is based directly
MESH_(cipher)
Block cipher
cryptography, Corrected Block TEA (often referred to as XXTEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in the original Block TEA. XXTEA is vulnerable
XXTEA
Block cypher operating mode
The xor–encrypt–xor (XEX) is a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. In tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing (XTS mode), it is one
Xor–encrypt–xor
Block cipher
In cryptography, KHAZAD is a block cipher designed by Paulo S. L. M. Barreto together with Vincent Rijmen, one of the designers of the Advanced Encryption
KHAZAD
Block cipher
except that it is a block cipher with a 64-bit block size and 64-bit key length. According to the academic study of the cipher cited below and quoted in
Red_Pike_(cipher)
Block ciphers
In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. Along with
Khufu_and_Khafre
Wide-block cipher
Adiantum is a cipher composition for disk encryption. It uses a new cipher construction called HBSH (hash, block cipher, stream cipher, hash), specifically
Adiantum_(cipher)
Block cipher
Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher that was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest, in which it ranked second to Rijndael. Serpent
Serpent_(cipher)
Block cipher
Kalyna (Ukrainian: Калина, Viburnum opulus) is a symmetric block cipher. It supports block sizes of 128, 256 or 512 bits; the key length is either equal
Kalyna_(cipher)
Block cipher
3-Way is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Joan Daemen. It is closely related to BaseKing; the two are variants of the same general cipher technique. 3-Way
3-Way
Block cipher
KeeLoq is a proprietary hardware-dedicated block cipher that uses a non-linear feedback shift register (NLFSR). The uni-directional command transfer protocol
KeeLoq
Block cipher
In cryptography, MAGENTA is a symmetric key block cipher developed by Michael Jacobson Jr. and Klaus Huber for Deutsche Telekom. The name MAGENTA is an
MAGENTA
Classified National Security Agency Type 1 encryption algorithm
Mode (also known as Key-Auto-KEY or KAK) and Autoclave Mode (also known as Cipher-Text Auto Key or CTAK). On the AIM microchip, it runs at 4% of the clock
SAVILLE
Concept in cryptography
is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly
Avalanche_effect
Block cipher
In cryptography, FROG is a block cipher authored by Georgoudis, Leroux and Chaves. The algorithm can work with any block size between 8 and 128 bytes,
FROG
Block cipher
Threefish is a symmetric-key tweakable block cipher designed as part of the Skein hash function, an entry in the NIST hash function competition. Threefish
Threefish
Form of cryptanalysis
affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two
Linear_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
In cryptography, UES (Universal Encryption Standard) is a block cipher designed in 1999 by Helena Handschuh and Serge Vaudenay. They proposed it as a transitional
UES_(cipher)
Block cipher
(alternatively CAST5) is a symmetric-key block cipher used in a number of products, notably as the default cipher in some versions of GPG and PGP. It has also
CAST-128
Block cipher
In cryptography, FEAL (the Fast data Encipherment Algorithm) is a block cipher proposed as an alternative to the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and designed
FEAL
Family of block ciphers
III are block ciphers designed by cryptographer Michael Wood for Cryptech Inc and are optimised for use in software. Both REDOC ciphers are patented.
REDOC
Family of block ciphers
NOEKEON /ˈnuːki.ɒn/ is a family of two block ciphers designed by Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, Gilles Van Assche and Vincent Rijmen and submitted to the
NOEKEON
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
Sparse Linearization (XSL) attack is a method of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. The attack was first published in 2002 by researchers Nicolas Courtois
XSL_attack
Generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack
space and 2112 operations. When trying to improve the security of a block cipher, a tempting idea is to encrypt the data several times using multiple keys
Meet-in-the-middle_attack
French cryptographer
cryptosystem and Naccache–Stern knapsack cryptosystem, and the block ciphers CS-Cipher, DFC, and xmx. He also contributed to the cryptanalysis of the SFLASH
Jacques_Stern_(cryptographer)
Form of cryptanalysis
cryptanalysis designed to deal with the prevailing idea that even weak ciphers can become very strong by increasing the number of rounds, which can ward
Slide_attack
Block cipher
In cryptography, the Intel Cascaded Cipher is a high bandwidth block cipher, used as an optional component of the Output Content Protection DRM scheme
Intel_Cascade_Cipher
Block cipher
cryptography, the Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm (CMEA) is a block cipher which was used for securing mobile phones in the United States. CMEA is
Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm
Cellular_Message_Encryption_Algorithm
Block cipher
In cryptography, xmx is a block cipher designed in 1997 by David M'Raïhi, David Naccache, Jacques Stern, and Serge Vaudenay. According to the designers
Xmx
Block cipher
In cryptography, CAST-256 (or CAST6) is a symmetric-key block cipher published in June 1998. It was submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption
CAST-256
Tables for the Data Encryption Standard
the various tables referenced in the Data Encryption Standard (DES) block cipher. All bits and bytes are arranged in big endian order in this document. That
DES_supplementary_material
Cryptographic technique
In cryptography, CIPHERUNICORN-A is a block cipher created by NEC in 2000. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government
CIPHERUNICORN-A
Block cipher
SHACAL) is a 160-bit block cipher based on SHA-1, and supports keys from 128-bit to 512-bit. SHACAL-2 is a 256-bit block cipher based upon the larger hash
SHACAL
Block cipher
In cryptography, Madryga is a block cipher published in 1984 by W. E. Madryga. It was designed to be easy and efficient for implementation in software
Madryga
Technique to increase the security of an iterated block cipher
whitening is a technique intended to increase the security of an iterated block cipher. It consists of steps that combine the data with portions of the key. The
Key_whitening
Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard
of the cipher identifies the number of null bytes of padding added. Careful choice must be made in selecting the mode of operation of the cipher. The simplest
AES_implementations
Block cipher
Anubis is a block cipher designed by Vincent Rijmen and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto as an entrant in the NESSIE project, a former research program initiated
Anubis_(cipher)
Block cipher
CLEFIA is a proprietary block cipher algorithm, developed by Sony. Its name is derived from the French word clef, meaning "key". The block size is 128-bits
CLEFIA
Attack applicable to block and stream ciphers
applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness in how the cipher operates over equivalence classes
Mod_n_cryptanalysis
Family of block ciphers
In cryptography, Hierocrypt-L1 and Hierocrypt-3 are block ciphers created by Toshiba in 2000. They were submitted to the NESSIE project, but were not
Hierocrypt
Block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee
In cryptography, Zodiac is a block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee for the Korean firm SoftForum. Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure
Zodiac_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, E2 is a symmetric block cipher which was created in 1998 by NTT and submitted to the AES competition. Like other AES candidates, E2 operates
E2_(cipher)
Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key
In cryptography, the so-called product ciphers are a certain kind of cipher, where the (de-)ciphering of data is typically done as an iteration of rounds
Key_schedule
Type of cryptographic attack
form of cryptanalysis where the attacker can observe the operation of a cipher under several different keys whose values are initially unknown, but where
Related-key_attack
DFC CIPHER
DFC CIPHER
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : from Middle English duk(e) ‘duke’ (from Old French duc, from Latin dux, genitive ducis ‘leader’), applied as an occupational name for someone who worked in the household of a duke, or as a nickname for someone who gave himself airs and graces.English and Irish : possibly also from the personal name Duke, a short form of Marmaduke, a personal name said to be from Irish mael Maedoc ‘devotee (mael, maol ‘bald’, ‘tonsured one’) of Maedoc’, a personal name (M’Aodhóg) meaning ‘my little Aodh’, borne by various early Irish saints, in particular a 6th-century abbot of Clonmore and a 7th-century bishop of Ferns.Scottish : compare the old Danish personal name Duk (Old Norse Dūkr).In some cases, possibly an Americanized form of French Leduc or Spanish Duque.Possibly an Americanized spelling of Polish Duk, a nickname from dukac ‘to stammer or falter’.
Boy/Male
Vietnamese
Virtuous.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Lancashire, recorded in the early 13th century as D(e)ukesbiri, from the genitive case of the Old English personal name Deowuc or Duc(c) (both of uncertain origin) + Old English burh ‘fort’ (see Burke).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a winder of wool, from an agent derivative of Middle English winde(n) ‘to wind’ (Old English windan ‘to go’, ‘to proceed’). The verb was also used in the Middle Ages of various weaving and plaiting processes, so that in some cases the name may have referred to a basket or hurdle maker.English : habitational name from any of the various minor places in northern England so called, from Old English vindr ‘wind’ + erg ‘hut’, ‘shelter’, i.e. a shelter against the wind.English : John Winder is recorded in Somerset Co., MD, in 1665. William Henry Winder, born in the county in 1775, was blamed for the military defeat that led to the British burning of Washington, DC, in 1814; his son John Henry Winder (b. 1800) was a confederate general who was commander of southern military prisons.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from a diminutive of Middle English douke, duk(ke) ‘duck’ (Old English dūce).English : nickname from Middle English douke, duk(ke) ‘duck’ + heved ‘head’.English : nickname from Old French ducquet ‘owl’, a diminutive of duc ‘guide’, ‘leader’ (see Duke 1).English : from a Middle English diminutive of the Old English personal name or byname Ducca.English : from a Middle English pet form of the personal name Duke.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Cambridgeshire called Duxford, recorded c. 960 as Dukeswrthe ‘enclosure (Old English wor{dh}) of a man called Duc(c)’.
DFC CIPHER
DFC CIPHER
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Well Wisher
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Soft; Pretty
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Beautiful Arms
Girl/Female
Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Rajasthani, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
A River
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Civilised cultured
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
To be Content; To Shine
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sincere, Battle to the death
Male
Swiss
, Jehovah's gift, or, grace.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Brave, Protector, Saint
DFC CIPHER
DFC CIPHER
DFC CIPHER
DFC CIPHER
DFC CIPHER
n.
A cipher; naught.
n.
A cipher; zero.
v. t.
To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.
n.
According to the French method of numeration (which is followed also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-two ciphers annexed. See Numeration.
n.
According to the French notation, which is used upon the Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.
n.
The space included between the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; as, the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The parallelogram bf is the complement of the parallelogram df.
a. & adv.
With decreasing volume of sound; -- a direction to performers, either written upon the staff (abbreviated Dec., or Decresc.), or indicated by the sign.
n.
According to the French method of numeration (which method is followed also in the United States) the number expressed by a unit with twenty-seven ciphers annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers annexed. See Numeration.
n.
A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.
n.
The art of writing in cipher, or in characters which are not intelligible except to persons who have the key; cryptography.
n.
A cipher; nothing; naught.
n.
According to the method of numeration (which is followed also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-one ciphers annexed. According to the English method, a million raised to the sixth power, or the number expressed by a unit with thirty-six ciphers annexed. See Numeration.
n.
the residual AC component in the DC current output from a rectifier, expressed as a percentage of the steady component of the current.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Cipher
a.
Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.
imp. & p. p.
of Cipher
adv.
The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher.
n.
That which has no value; a cipher; zero.
n.
One who ciphers.
n.
According to the French and American notation, a thousand octillions, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a million octillions, or a unit with fifty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.