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Computing concept
In computing, entropy is the randomness collected by an operating system or application for use in cryptography or other uses that require random data
Entropy_(computing)
Average uncertainty in variable's states
In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential
Entropy_(information_theory)
Topics referred to by the same term
be confused Entropy encoding, data compression strategies to produce a code length equal to the entropy of a message Entropy (computing), an indicator
Entropy_(disambiguation)
Relationship between the concepts of thermodynamic entropy and information entropy
concept of entropy is central, Shannon was persuaded to employ the same term 'entropy' for his measure of uncertainty. Information entropy is often presumed
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory
Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory
Concept in computer science
successor. Reversible computing is considered an unconventional approach to computation and is closely linked to quantum computing, where the principles
Reversible_computing
Measure of relative information in probability theory
(Y=y) given (X=x). Hence by computing the expected value of f over all pairs of values (x,y)âđłĂđ´, the conditional entropy H(Y|X) measures how much information
Conditional_entropy
Mathematical statistics distance measure
statistics, the KullbackâLeibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted DKL(PâĽQ), is a type of statistical distance:
KullbackâLeibler_divergence
Interpretation of entropy as the change in arrangement of a system's particles
(information theory) Entropy (computing) Entropy (energy dispersal) Second law of thermodynamics Entropy (statistical thermodynamics) Entropy (classical thermodynamics)
Entropy_(order_and_disorder)
Property of a thermodynamic system
Entropy is a thermodynamic state variable that quantifies the probabilistic distribution of accessible microstates in a system. The term and the concept
Entropy
Generalization of the standard BoltzmannâGibbs entropy
In physics, the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard BoltzmannâGibbs entropy. It is proportional to the expectation of the q-logarithm
Tsallis_entropy
Principle in Bayesian statistics
The principle of maximum entropy states that, among all probability distributions consistent with a given set of constraints (such as normalization or
Principle_of_maximum_entropy
Entropy of a substance near absolute zero
Residual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used
Residual_entropy
Consortium on random number generators
The League of Entropy (LoE) is a voluntary consortium of organizations working together to implement an unpredictable, bias-resistant, fully decentralized
League_of_Entropy
Physical lower limit to energy consumption of computation
Landauer's principle and reversible computing Maroney, O.J.E. "Information Processing and Thermodynamic Entropy" The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Landauer's_principle
Influence of thermodynamics on evolution
Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the
Entropy_and_life
Probability distribution that has the most entropy of a class
In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of
Maximum entropy probability distribution
Maximum_entropy_probability_distribution
Subject of study in ergodic theory
crucial role in the construction of the measure-theoretic entropy of a dynamical system. The entropy of a partition Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} is defined
Measure-preserving dynamical system
Measure-preserving_dynamical_system
Physical law for entropy and heat
Rex, Andrew F. (eds.) 2003. Maxwell's Demon 2Â : Entropy, classical and quantum information, computing. Bristol UK; Philadelphia PA: Institute of Physics
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Type of random number generator
without the use of a dedicated hardware entropy source. An NPTRNG uses a non-physical noise source that obtains entropy from system data, such as outputs of
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
Type of entropy in quantum theory
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system
Von_Neumann_entropy
Concept in quantum physics
The entropy of entanglement (or entanglement entropy) is a measure of the degree of quantum entanglement between two subsystems constituting a two-part
Entropy_of_entanglement
Resistance of a password to being guessed
methods are not used, passwords with more entropy are needed. It also pays to bear in mind that since computing power continually grows, to prevent offline
Password_strength
Cryptographic property of random output
In cryptography, full entropy is a property of an output of a random number generator. The output has full entropy if it cannot practically be distinguished
Full_entropy
Computer data measurements and scales
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory. Entropy (information theory), such as the amount of information that can be stored in DNA Entropy (thermodynamics)
Orders_of_magnitude_(data)
Base of natural logarithms
methods for computing the exponential function, it is impractical because of high overhead cost. Tools such as y-cruncher are optimized for computing many digits
E_(mathematical_constant)
Measure of dependence between two variables
(2007). "Section 14.7.3. Conditional Entropy and Mutual Information". Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University
Mutual_information
Scientific study of digital information
theory is entropy. In Shannon's formulation, entropy is equal to the lack of information about an event. In the above coin flip example, the entropy in the
Information_theory
quantum computing. The paper was submitted in June 1979 and published in April 1980. Yuri Manin briefly motivates the idea of quantum computing. Tommaso
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Cryptographic device
generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy, unlike a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that utilizes a deterministic
Hardware random number generator
Hardware_random_number_generator
Time density of the average information in a stochastic process
In the mathematical theory of probability, the entropy rate or source information rate of a stochastic process is, informally, the time density of the
Entropy_rate
Concept in statistics
In statistics, an approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability of fluctuations over time-series
Approximate_entropy
Upper limit on entropy in physics
after Jacob Bekenstein) is an upper limit on the thermodynamic entropy S, or Shannon entropy H, that can be contained within a given finite region of space
Bekenstein_bound
Unit of information
The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. Its symbol is either
Bit
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic forceâa force with macro-scale homogeneity
Entropic_gravity
Measure of algorithmic complexity
complexity, program-size complexity, descriptive complexity, or algorithmic entropy. It is named after Andrey Kolmogorov, who first published on the subject
Kolmogorov_complexity
Thought experiment of 1867
Leff, Harvey S. & Andrew F. Rex, ed. (1990). Maxwell's Demon: Entropy, Information, Computing. Bristol: Adam-Hilger. ISBNÂ 978-0-7503-0057-5. Leff, Harvey
Maxwell's_demon
Creating a sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
numbers without an access to a dedicated hardware source, by scavenging entropy that is present in the computer system. Various applications of randomness
Random_number_generation
Quantum information quantity
enlarged Hilbert space and computing the entanglement entropy between the two subsystems in this purified state. Reflected entropy provides a way to characterize
Reflected_entropy
American music theorist
{a_{j-1}+a_{j}}{b_{j-1}+b_{j}}}} From here, the process to compute harmonic entropy is as follows: (a) compute the areas defined by the normal (Gaussian) bell curve
Paul_Erlich
Topics referred to by the same term
XEB may refer to: Cross-entropy benchmarking, a benchmarking method for quantum computing XEB-AM, a radio station XEB, a band formed by Kevin Cadogan
XEB
South African-born Israeli neuroscientist (born 1962)
team developed the so-called theory of liquid state machine, or high entropy computing. In 2002, he moved to EPFL as full professor and founder/director
Henry_Markram
Chart describing internal energy of thermodynamic systems
An enthalpyâentropy chart, also known as an HâS chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic
Enthalpyâentropy_chart
Coherent measure for value at risk
concept of relative entropy. Because of its connection with the VaR and the relative entropy, this risk measure is called "entropic value at risk". The
Entropic_value_at_risk
Lemma in cryptography
length asymptotic to H min ( X ) {\displaystyle H_{\text{min}}(X)} (the min-entropy of X bits from a random variable X) that are almost uniformly distributed
Leftover_hash_lemma
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG). The CSPRNG is seeded with entropy (a value that provides randomness) from environmental noise, collected
/dev/random
Concept in cryptography
Entropic security is a security definition used in the field of cryptography. Modern encryption schemes are generally required to protect communications
Entropic_security
Topics referred to by the same term
Entropia may mean: Entropy a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. Entropia Universe
Entropia
Physical force that originates from thermodynamics instead of fundamental interactions
an entropic force acting in a system is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the entire system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy, rather
Entropic_force
Information held in the state of a quantum system
Quantum information can be measured using von Neumann entropy. Recently, the field of quantum computing has become an active research area because of the
Quantum_information
Probability distribution
available for the computing of the cdf, pmf, quantile function, and random number generation of the Poisson binomial distribution. For computing the PMF, a DFT
Poisson_binomial_distribution
Type of data structure
Transparency: when computing leaf node hashes, a 0x00 byte is prepended to the hash data, while 0x01 is prepended when computing internal node hashes
Merkle_tree
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these
Thermodynamics
Methods of estimating differential entropy given some observations
learning, and time delay estimation it is useful to estimate the differential entropy of a system or process, given some observations. The simplest and most
Entropy_estimation
Index to measure economic inequality
which is the maximum possible entropy of the data minus the observed entropy. It is a special case of the generalized entropy index. It can be viewed as
Theil_index
Textbook by scientists Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang
Nielsen, Michael (2019). "Quantum computing for the very curious". Michael Nielsen, Isaac Chuang. Quantum Computing and Quantum Information. Cambridge
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
Quantum_Computation_and_Quantum_Information
Mathematical model which approximates the behavior of real gases
the entropy is an exact differential, using the chain rule, the change in entropy when going from a reference state 0 to some other state with entropy S
Ideal_gas
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
entropy, and thus just any kind of pseudorandom number generator is insufficient. Ideally, the generation of random numbers in CSPRNGs uses entropy obtained
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Computing by new or unusual methods
Unconventional computing (also known as alternative computing or nonstandard computation) is computing by any of a wide range of new or unusual methods
Unconventional_computing
French computer scientist and information geometer
on computational geometry, visual computing, high-performance computing, and information geometry. Visual Computing: Geometry, Graphics, and Vision. Charles
Frank Nielsen (computer scientist)
Frank_Nielsen_(computer_scientist)
Physics phenomenon
entanglement measures reduce for pure states to entanglement entropy, and are difficult (NP-hard) to compute for mixed states as the dimension of the entangled
Quantum_entanglement
Italian computer scientist
model of spacetime. He also co-introduced the BraunsteinâGhoshâSeverini entropy. Severini serves on the Strategic Advisory Board of the Lean Focused Research
Simone_Severini
Statistical mechanics of quantum-mechanical systems
von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, quantifies the extent to which a state is mixed. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical
Quantum_statistical_mechanics
Time reversal symmetry in physics
results in modern computing are closely related to this problemâreversible computing, quantum computing and physical limits to computing, are examples. These
Time-reversal_symmetry
Algorithm in quantum information theory
Algorithmic cooling is an algorithmic method for transferring heat (or entropy) from some qubits to others or outside the system and into the environment
Algorithmic_cooling
Idea that the universe is fundamentally computational or informational
theory to argue for the three-dimensionality of space and to estimate the entropy of matter falling into a black hole. It is an informational rather than
Digital_physics
Theorem in statistical mathematics
relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease
Fluctuation_theorem
amount of information that can be stored within a spherical volume to the entropy of a black hole with the same surface area. Thermodynamics limit the data
Limits_of_computation
Topological entropy Topological mixing Computational topology Digital topology Network topology Topological computing Topological Quantum Computing Topological
List_of_topology_topics
Computer security technique
be declared: Es (entropy bits of stack top) Em (entropy bits of mmap() base) Ex (entropy bits of main executable base) Eh (entropy bits of heap base)
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm
(RGG) Hyperbolic (HGN) Hierarchical Stochastic block Blockmodeling Maximum entropy Soft configuration LFR Benchmark Dynamics Boolean network agent based Epidemic/SIR
Hierarchical navigable small world
Hierarchical_navigable_small_world
Unit of measure for digital data
information is used to measure information contained in messages and the entropy of random variables. Due to the need to work with data sizes that range
Units_of_information
Gain from observing another random variable
splits for each node. For the next step, the entropy at parent node t of the above simple decision tree is computed as: H(t) = â[pC,t log2(pC,t) + pNC,t log2(pNC
Information gain (decision tree)
Information_gain_(decision_tree)
Inequality measure
inequality by groups; svygei and svyatk to compute design-consistent variances for the generalized entropy and Atkinson indices; glcurve to obtain generalized
Atkinson_index
American scientist and entrepreneur
Cameron Freer, proposed a physical link between intelligent behaviour and entropy, arguing that systems driven to maximise their future freedom of action
Alexander_Wissner-Gross
Sequential model-based optimization of expensive black-box functions
Reuven Y. (1999). "The Cross-Entropy Method for Combinatorial and Continuous Optimization". Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 1 (2):
Bayesian_optimization
In statistics, the uncertainty coefficient, also called proficiency, entropy coefficient or Theil's U, is a measure of nominal association. It was first
Uncertainty_coefficient
Standard hostname for a networked device's loopback interface
controller (NIC) or hardware device driver and must not appear outside of a computing system, or be routed by any router. This permits software testing and
Localhost
Data item stored in a browser by a website
constitutes a device fingerprint. In 2010, EFF measured at least 18.1 bits of entropy possible from browser fingerprinting. Canvas fingerprinting, a more recent
HTTP_cookie
Logarithm of probabilities, useful for calculations
the negative expected value of the log probabilities is the information entropy of an event. Similarly, likelihoods are often transformed to the log scale
Log_probability
Form of entropy encoding used in data compression
Arithmetic coding (AC) is a form of entropy coding used in lossless data compression. Normally, a string of characters is represented using a fixed number
Arithmetic_coding
Short story by Ted Chiang
California Sunday Magazine praised it as an "inventive meditation on death". Entropy Heat death of the universe Eclipse 2: New Science Fiction and Fantasy:
Exhalation_(short_story)
Quantity in information theory
of the random variable. The Shannon information is closely related to entropy, which is the expected value of the self-information of a random variable
Information_content
Lossless data compression algorithms
encoders defined by finite-state machines. A measure analogous to information entropy is developed for individual sequences (as opposed to probabilistic ensembles)
LZ77_and_LZ78
mathematics (concerned with mathematical modeling of financial markets), the entropic risk measure is a risk measure which depends on the risk aversion of the
Entropic_risk_measure
Topics referred to by the same term
output, given programs for computing the start and the remainder Chain rule for entropy (information theory), for the Shannon entropy of two consecutive experiments
Chain_rule_(disambiguation)
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
generate entropy. It has been shown that computational hardware can be designed not to encounter this theoretical obstruction (see reversible computing), though
Brute-force_attack
Compressed data structure for pattern matching
SIAM Journal on Computing, 35(2), 2005, 378â407. An earlier version appeared in Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, May 2000, 397â406
Compressed_suffix_array
which computed all prime numbers up to that limit. Computing â Manufacturing: An estimated 6Ă1018 transistors were produced worldwide in 2008. Computing â
Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
tunnel between the SSL server and the SSL client. Cloud computing Cyberspace Distributed computing History of the Internet Information Age ISO/IEC 11801Â â
Computer_network
Study of the relations between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics
accounts for the entropy change before and after a change in the entire system. A dynamical viewpoint is based on local accounting for the entropy changes in
Quantum_thermodynamics
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
the system. Others argue longer passwords provide more security (e.g., entropy) than shorter passwords with a wide variety of characters. In The Memorability
Password
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
S {\displaystyle S} the entropy of the system. With these relations the fundamental thermodynamic relation, used to compute changes in internal energy
Thermodynamic_system
Structural analysis of a network
centrality Community structure KullbackâLeibler divergence Markov chain Maximal entropy random walk Random walk closeness centrality Social network analysis Travelling
Biased_random_walk_on_a_graph
Hypothetical all-predicting intellect
with early 19th century developments of the concepts of irreversibility, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, Laplace's demon
Laplace's_demon
Book by Konrad Zuse
pointed out that the classical notions of entropy and its growth do not make sense in deterministically computed universes. A New Kind of Science Simulated
Calculating_Space
engaged in the development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
Unit of information
development of computing devices and machines, people had to manually collect data and impose patterns on it. With the development of computing devices and
Data
Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA
the material. 5D optical data storage DNA computing DNA nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Natural computing Plant-based digital data storage The Xenotext
DNA_digital_data_storage
Measure of income inequality
The generalized entropy index has been proposed as a measure of income inequality in a population. It is derived from information theory as a measure
Generalized_entropy_index
System property to handle growing work
because one warehouse can handle only a limited number of packages. In computing, scalability is a characteristic of computers, networks, algorithms, networking
Scalability
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ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
Boy/Male
Arabic, Biblical
Helper; Entry-way
Girl/Female
Biblical
An entry or vestibule.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Entry; Good in Look
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Entry
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
An Entry Point into a Dispute
Biblical
helper; entry-way
Biblical
an entry or vestibule
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
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