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Device to implement precommitment by restricting one's future options
A commitment device is a mechanism or arrangement that implements precommitment by deliberately restricting one’s own future options in order to make
Commitment_device
Mathematical game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Guess_2/3_of_the_average
Human behavior pattern in which the participant takes on increasing risk
Escalation of commitment is a pattern of decision-making in which individuals or groups continue to invest in a chosen course of action despite mounting
Escalation_of_commitment
Logical paradox in decision-making theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Paradox_of_tolerance
American internet company
users to make commitment contracts in order to reach their personal goals. stickK users set up a "commitment contract", a commitment device where they agree
StickK
Paper-and-pencil game for two players
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Tic-tac-toe
Decision rule used for minimizing the possible loss for a worst-case scenario
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Minimax
Solution concept of a non-cooperative game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Nash_equilibrium
Search algorithm
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Alpha–beta_pruning
Concept in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Shapley_value
Situation where total gains match total losses
assign probabilities to their respective actions, and then use a random device which, according to these probabilities, chooses an action for them. Each
Zero-sum_game
Type of stable matching problem
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Stable_roommates_problem
Concept in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Focal_point_(game_theory)
Israeli-American psychologist and economist (1934–2024)
could not be more important, namely, that human reason left to its own devices is apt to engage in a number of fallacies and systematic errors, so if
Daniel_Kahneman
Standard example in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Prisoner's_dilemma
Game whose outcome can be correctly predicted
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Solved_game
Two-player coordination game in game theory
observed randomizing device, then they might decide to correlate their strategies in the game based on the outcome of the device. For example, if the
Battle of the sexes (game theory)
Battle_of_the_sexes_(game_theory)
Hand game for two players or more
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Rock_paper_scissors
Hand game for two or more players
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Chopsticks_(hand_game)
English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation"
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Tit_for_tat
Condition in economics and game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Perfect_information
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Pareto_efficiency
Resource distribution game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Blotto_game
Game theory scenario
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Win–win_game
Game illustrating paradox in rational choice theory
average).[citation needed] All-pay auction Bidding fee auction Escalation of commitment Tragedy of the commons War of attrition (game) Shubik: 1971. Page 109
Dollar_auction
Tendency to overestimate in auctions
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Winner's_curse
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
List_of_games_in_game_theory
Quality of a strategy in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Strategic_dominance
Political model of international conflict resolution
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Two-level_game_theory
Situation where all parties are worse off
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
No-win_situation
Game theory concept
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Subgame_perfect_equilibrium
Finding an optimal algorithm for playing chess
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Solving_chess
Zero-sum game where competitions between strategies contain a cycle
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Intransitive_game
Variation of minimax game tree search
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Negamax
Poker game developed by Harold Kuhn
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Kuhn_poker
Making of satisfactory, not optimal, decisions
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Bounded_rationality
Simple mathematical game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Pirate_game
Concept in conflict studies
and armed conflict Conflict continuum Conflict management Escalation of commitment Friedrich Glasl's model of conflict escalation Stability–instability paradox
Conflict_escalation
Pairing where no unchosen pair prefers each other over their choice
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Stable_matching_problem
Conflict between safety and cooperation
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Stag_hunt
Representation of a game in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Normal-form_game
Game theory case weighing own/others' sacrifice
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Volunteer's_dilemma
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
formation. A game is cooperative if players are able to form binding commitments externally enforced (e.g. through contract law). A game is non-cooperative
Game_theory
Concept in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Incentive_compatibility
Transactional view of violent conflict in international relations theory
due to uncertainty and commitment problems. As a result, provision of reliable information and steps to alleviate commitment problems make war less likely
Bargaining_model_of_war
Problem in process of sharing surplus
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Cooperative_bargaining
Paradox of combining strategies
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Parrondo's_paradox
Overuse of a shared resource
1172133. PMID 19628857. S2CID 39710673. Rachlin, H.; Green, L. (1972). "Commitment, choice, and self-control". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
Tragedy_of_the_commons
time. Another example is to build excess production capacity as a commitment device. Due to the often ambiguous nature of cost in production, it may be
Limit_price
Trigger strategy
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Grim_trigger
Game-theoretic concept
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Cheap_talk
Simple game studied in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Matching_pennies
When a decision-maker's future preferences can contradict earlier preferences
subgame imperfect. In this context, the inconsistency is primarily about commitment and credible threats. This manifests itself through a violation of Bellman's
Dynamic_inconsistency
Model of conflict for two players in game theory
Russians sought to deter American attack by building a "doomsday machine", a device that would trigger world annihilation if Russia was hit by nuclear weapons
Chicken_(game)
Theorem in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Aumann's_agreement_theorem
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
function to be placed at any position in the causal chain from the measurement device to the "subjective consciousness" of the human observer. In other words
John_von_Neumann
Level of information in economics and game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Complete_information
Facilitating a peaceful outcome to a dispute
in health. Collaborating may be the best solution when consensus and commitment of other parties is important; when the conflict occurs in a collaborative
Conflict_resolution
In board games that cannot end in a draw, one of the two players has a winning strategy
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Zermelo's theorem (game theory)
Zermelo's_theorem_(game_theory)
Israeli psychologist (1937–1996)
under uncertainty whether they like it or not..... Man is a deterministic device thrown into a probabilistic Universe. In this match, surprises are expected
Amos_Tversky
American economist (born 1939)
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Samuel_Bowles_(economist)
Hungarian-American economist and philosopher (1920–2000)
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
John_Harsanyi
Love focused on feelings
love—in the sense of "being in love", or passionate love—evolved as a "commitment device" which overrides rationality to suppress the search for alternative
Romance
Model of humans as rational, self-interested agents
build into its assumptions the notion that people can give credible commitments to a course of conduct. He demonstrates the absurdity with the narrowness
Homo_economicus
Israeli-American mathematician (born 1930)
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Robert_Aumann
Preference of known risks to unknown risks
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Ambiguity_aversion
Proof all ranked voting rules have spoilers
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Arrow's_impossibility_theorem
Solution concept in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Evolutionarily stable strategy
Evolutionarily_stable_strategy
Complete plan on how a game player will behave in every possible game situation
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Strategy_(game_theory)
Problem in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
El_Farol_Bar_problem
Problem about bus travel
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Wait/walk_dilemma
Refinement of Nash equilibrium
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Sequential_equilibrium
Economic phenomenon
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Tyranny_of_small_decisions
Combinatorial game theory theorem
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Sprague–Grundy_theorem
Concept in economics and game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Global_game
Type of signaling game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Lewis_signaling_game
Class of theorems about Nash equilibrium payoff profiles in repeated games
equilibrium. Many other folk theorems have been proved in settings with commitment. In mathematics, the term folk theorem refers generally to any theorem
Folk_theorem_(game_theory)
Experimental tool
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Dictator_game
Concept in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Fictitious_play
Economic model
More generally, the leader must have commitment power. Moving observably first is the most obvious means of commitment: once the leader has made its move
Stackelberg_competition
Economic model of competition
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Bertrand_competition
Concept in economics and game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Price_of_anarchy
Dynamical system
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Replicator_equation
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Contingent_cooperator
Concept in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Best_response
Term in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Move_by_nature
Game with a dominant mutually most beneficial action
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Deadlock_(game_theory)
Game that repeats a base game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Repeated_game
are that it involves a commitment from the player, meaning the player can only restrict their own choices and that the commitment has to be credible, meaning
Strategic_move
Variant of Nash equilibrium in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Trembling hand perfect equilibrium
Trembling_hand_perfect_equilibrium
Simultaneous game found in game theory
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Coordination_game
Aircraft component fixed to the end of the wings to improve performance
May 31, 2010. "Airbus launches "Sharklet" large wingtip devices for A320 Family with commitment from Air New Zealand". Airbus. November 15, 2009. Archived
Wingtip_device
Class of games where players choose their actions sequentially
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Sequential_game
English mathematician and game theorist (born 1940)
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Kenneth_Binmore
Concept in game theory
not be in his best interest to do so. A threat, and its counterpart – a commitment, are both defined by American economist and Nobel prize winner, T.C. Schelling
Non-credible_threat
Two-player extensive form game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Centipede_game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Symmetric_equilibrium
Israeli economist
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Ariel_Rubinstein
Experimental economics game
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Public_goods_game
Economic model
Appeasement Bargaining model of war Bid shading Cheap talk Collusion Commitment device De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Fictitious play Focal point Grim
Cournot_competition
travel, tourism, insurance
COMMITMENT DEVICE
COMMITMENT DEVICE
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname for a crafty or ingenious person, from a reduced form of Old French engaine ‘ingenuity’, ‘trickery’ (Latin ingenium ‘native wit’). The word was also used in a concrete sense of a stratagem or device, particularly a trap.This surname has also assimilated reduced variants of Welsh Gurganus.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Strategy; Idea; Trick; Solution; A Device; Planning
Girl/Female
Muslim
Commitment, Pledge, Delegation
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Commitment; Pledge; Delegation
Surname or Lastname
English (southwest and South Wales)
English (southwest and South Wales) : metonymic nickname for a cunning or crafty person, from Middle English trick ‘strategem’, ‘device’ (from a Norman form of Old French triche).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a player of a musical instrument (any musical instrument, not necessarily what is now known as an organ), from Middle English organ (Old French organe, Late Latin organum ‘device’, ‘(musical) instrument’, Greek organon ‘tool’, from ergein ‘to work or do’).English : from a rare medieval personal name, attested only in the Latinized forms Organus (masculine) and Organa (feminine). Its etymology is obscure; it may be a reworking of a Celtic name.French : habitational name from a place in the Hautes Pyrénées named Organ.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from a place name in Berkshire originally called Windels-ora, WINDSOR means "landing place with a windlass." [note: windlass. naut. a device used for winding ropes.]Â
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex)
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex) : occupational name for a designer or engineer, from a Middle English reduced form of Old French engineor ‘contriver’ (a derivative of engaigne ‘cunning’, ‘ingenuity’, ‘stratagem’, ‘device’). Engineers in the Middle Ages were primarily designers and builders of military machines, although in peacetime they might turn their hands to architecture and other more pacific functions.German : from the Latin personal name Januarius (see January 1). Jänner is a South German word for ‘January’, and so it is possible that this is one of the surnames acquired from words denoting months of the year, for example by converts who had been baptized in that month, people who were born or baptized in that month, or people whose taxes were due in January.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in East Yorkshire near Bridlington, so named from Old English hearpe ‘harp’ (the instrument or the device used for purifying sea salt) + hÄm ‘homestead’.
COMMITMENT DEVICE
COMMITMENT DEVICE
COMMITMENT DEVICE
COMMITMENT DEVICE
COMMITMENT DEVICE
COMMITMENT DEVICE
COMMITMENT DEVICE
travel, tourism, insurance