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Finding an optimal algorithm for playing chess
always force either a victory or a draw (see solved game). It is also related to more generally solving chess-like games (i.e. combinatorial games of perfect
Solving_chess
Grandmasters for chess composition, for both chess problems and studies International Honorary Masters for chess composition International Solving Grandmasters
List of grandmasters for chess composition
List_of_grandmasters_for_chess_composition
Chess composition whose solution is a mate or other clear objective
A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle created by the composer using chess pieces on a chessboard, which presents the solver with
Chess_problem
Traditional board game for two players
of chess magazines and websites, and are intended to help players develop their tactical skills. Tournaments for composition and solving of chess problems
Chess
Annual chess puzzles competition
World Chess Solving Championship (WCSC) is an annual competition in the solving of chess problems organized by the World Federation for Chess Composition
World Chess Solving Championship
World_Chess_Solving_Championship
Software to solve or assist people in creating or solving chess problems
designed to solve, or assist people in creating or solving, chess problems – puzzles in which pieces are laid out as in a game of chess, and may at times
Software for handling chess problems
Software_for_handling_chess_problems
Title bestowed on a chess player
gained by participating in the official World Chess Solving Championship (WCSC): to become a GM, a solver must score at least 90 percent of the winner's
Chess_title
Computer hardware and software capable of playing chess
completely solving chess are generally considered to be rather remote. It is widely conjectured that no computationally inexpensive method to solve chess exists
Computer_chess
Chess opening
The King's Indian Attack (or KIA) is a chess opening system where White adopts the setup more commonly seen being played by Black in the King's Indian
King's_Indian_Attack
Game whose outcome can be correctly predicted
[citation needed] Lambs and tigers Weakly solved by Yew Jin Lim (2007). The game is a draw. Chess Fully solving chess remains elusive, and it is speculated
Solved_game
Title for chess players awarded by FIDE
Titles for correspondence chess, chess problem composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE. A chess title, usually in an abbreviated
FIDE_titles
Estimate of number of possible chess games
the game-tree complexity of chess, resulting in about 10120 possible games, to demonstrate the impracticality of solving chess by brute force, in his 1950
Shannon_number
Advantage of White over Black in chess
least 1889, when the first World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, addressed the issue, although chess has not been solved. Since 1851, compiled statistics
First-move_advantage_in_chess
Chess piece
The queen (♕, ♛) is the most powerful piece in the game of chess. It can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally, combining
Queen_(chess)
Chess piece
The bishop (♗, ♝) is a piece in the game of chess. It moves and captures along diagonals without jumping over interfering pieces. Each player begins the
Bishop_(chess)
Chess game played in London in 1851
The Immortal Game was a chess game played in 1851 between Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky during the London 1851 chess tournament, an event in
Immortal_Game
Style of chess, 18th to 19th century
Romantic chess is a style of chess popular in the 19th century until its decline in the 1880s. This style of chess emphasizes quick, tactical maneuvers
Romantic_chess
Process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles
former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue, whereas the latter is complex problem solving (CPS) with multiple interrelated obstacles
Problem_solving
English chess grandmaster (born 1955)
(born 25 April 1955) is an English chess grandmaster, a three-time world champion in chess problem solving, a chess writer and publisher, and a mathematician
John_Nunn
Game piece for playing chess
A chess piece, or chessman, is a game piece that is placed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. It can be either white or black, and it can be one
Chess_piece
Open-source online chess platform
Lichess (/ˈliː.tʃɛs/, LEE-ches) is an internet chess server that is free and open-source, run by a non-profit organization of the same name. Users of
Lichess
Chess-playing automaton hoax (1770–1854)
(German: Schachtürke, lit. 'chess Turk'), also known as the Automaton Chess Player or simply the Turk (Hungarian: A Török), was a chess-playing machine first
Mechanical_Turk
Title in chess awarded by FIDE
for composers and solvers of chess problems, awarded by the World Federation for Chess Composition (see List of grandmasters for chess composition). The
Grandmaster_(chess)
Humorous chess puzzle
Novotny, and Lacny), joke chess problems are enjoyed for some twist. In some cases the composer plays a trick to prevent a solver from succeeding with typical
Joke_chess_problem
Chess opening
The Caro–Kann Defence is a chess opening beginning with the moves: 1. e4 c6 Black prepares to contest the centre with 2...d5. It is a common defence against
Caro–Kann_Defence
Chess opening
The King's Gambit is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. f4 White offers a pawn to divert Black's e-pawn from the center. If Black
King's_Gambit
Game of chess via postal system or e-mail
Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, traditionally through the postal system. Today it is usually played
Correspondence_chess
Game related to chess
A chess variant is any board game related to, derived from, or inspired by orthodox chess. Chess variants can differ from standard chess in many different
Chess_variant
Slovenian chess problemist (born 1951)
of FIDE for chess composition. As a good solver he represented Yugoslavia 1982 in Varna, where the team became World Champion solving chess problems. He
Marko_Klasinc
describe chess moves. For a list of: unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;
Glossary_of_chess
Special pawn move in chess
In chess, en passant (French for 'in passing') describes the capture by a pawn of an enemy pawn on the same rank and an adjacent file that has just made
En_passant
Russian politician and chess composer (born 1967)
is married and has three children. 27th World Chess Solving Championship Moscow 29.-30.7.2003 Solving grandmasters ""Уральский проблемист"". Archived
Andrey Selivanov (chess player)
Andrey_Selivanov_(chess_player)
Swiss chess player and problemist (born 1954)
chess problemist. In 1983 Baier won the first individual World Chess Solving Championship. In 1988 he gained the title of the International Solving Grandmaster
Roland_Baier
Internet chess server
Chess.com is an internet chess server. The largest chess platform in the world, the site operates on a freemium model in which some features are available
Chess.com
Chess game played by Garry Kasparov
immortal is a chess game played by Garry Kasparov as White against Veselin Topalov as Black at the Hoogovens Wijk aan Zee Chess Tournament 1999 chess tournament
Kasparov's_Immortal
Dutch chess composer
2011, he won a Solving Championship organized by the Dutch ARVES community, a site dedicated to the composition and solving of chess studies, and he
Martin_van_Essen
Reference work on chess openings
The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) is a reference work describing the state of opening theory in chess, originally published in five volumes from
Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings
Chess opening
Attack, also called the Fegatello Attack (named after an Italian dish), is a chess opening variation of the Two Knights Defense in which White sacrifices a
Fried_Liver_Attack
GNOME Chess Hiarcs Chess Explorer PyChess Shane's Chess Information Database Shredder Winboard XBoard Apple Chess Battle Chess Battle vs. Chess Bobby
List_of_chess_software
1982 video game
1K ZX Chess is a 1982 chess program for the unexpanded Sinclair ZX81. 1K ZX Chess's code takes up only 672 bytes in memory, but implements chess rules
1K_ZX_Chess
Competition to determine the World Chess Champion
are also chess world championships in rapid, blitz, correspondence, problem solving, Fischer random chess and computer chess. The game of chess in its modern
World_Chess_Championship
Computer chess competition
World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC) was an event held periodically from 1974 to 2024 where computer chess engines competed against each other. The
World Computer Chess Championship
World_Computer_Chess_Championship
French chess problemist (born 1957)
was the youngest GM for Chess Compositions. He has 200.92 points in FIDE Albums. Caillaud twice won the World Chess Solving Championship: 1987 in Graz
Michel_Caillaud
Chess opening
The Sicilian Defence is a chess opening that begins with the following moves: 1. e4 c5 1...c5 is one of the most popular responses to White's first move
Sicilian_Defence
Psychological behavior
non-contingency between responses and outcomes when solving chess problems leads to a state of learned helplessness with chess players ranging from weak amateurs to
Learned_helplessness
Chess opening
The Traxler Counterattack, also known as the Wilkes-Barre Variation, is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5
Traxler_Counterattack
Chess opening
The Benko Gambit (or Volga Gambit) is a chess opening characterised by the move 3...b5 in the Benoni Defence arising after: 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d5 b5
Benko_Gambit
Rapid growth of the complexity of a problem due to its combinatorial properties
solved, as illustrated in the following table. One example in a game where combinatorial complexity leads to a solvability limit is in solving chess (a
Combinatorial_explosion
Chess opening
The Réti Opening is a chess opening whose "traditional" or "classic method" begins with the moves: 1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 White attacks Black's pawn from the
Réti_Opening
Dutch chess grandmaster and solver (born 1990)
editions of the ARVES Chess Solving contest. In October 2018, he held David Howell to a draw for his team in the European Chess Club Cup. Burg won the
Twan_Burg
Overview of and topical guide to chess
in chess – Chess opening theory table – Combinatorial game theory Solving chess – Chess aesthetics Chess in the arts Chess game collections Chess libraries
Outline_of_chess
A chess database is a database of chess games. Chess Assistant Chess Informant Expert Chess opening book (computers) Chess.com chess24 ChessBase Lichess
Chess_database
Board and pieces for playing the game of chess
A chess set consists of a chessboard and (nominally) 'white' and 'black' chess pieces for playing chess. There are sixteen pieces of each color: one king
Chess_set
Chess opening
The London System is an opening system in chess characterized by the moves (with any first move by Black): 1. d4 2. Bf4 In addition to these moves, in
London_System
Chess pattern of development
Look up fianchetto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In chess, the fianchetto (English: /ˌfiː.ən.ˈkɛ.toʊ/ or spelling pronunciation /ˌfiː.ən.ˈtʃɛ.toʊ/;
Fianchetto
List of codes used to classify chess openings
used to classify chess openings in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings. The five-volume encyclopaedia was first published by Chess Informant between
List_of_ECO_codes
Gdańsk) is a Polish chess International Master, International Solving Grandmaster, and eight-time world champion in chess problem solving. He is known as
Piotr_Murdzia
Chess tournament
The World Blitz Chess Championship is a chess tournament held to determine the world champion in chess played under blitz time controls. Since 2012, FIDE
World Blitz Chess Championship
World_Blitz_Chess_Championship
Problem-solving technique and algorithmic paradigm
leads to solvability limit is in solving chess. Chess is not a solved game. In 2005, all chess game endings with six pieces or less were solved, showing
Brute-force_search
Database of precalculated chess analysis
including the two kings, had been created. By August 2012, tablebases had solved chess for almost every position with up to seven pieces, with certain subclasses
Endgame_tablebase
Chess opening
The Queen's Gambit is the chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. d4 d5 2. c4 It is one of the oldest openings and is still commonly played today
Queen's_Gambit
Chess opening
German and the Noords Gambiet in Dutch (both meaning Nordic Gambit), is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 White will
Danish_Gambit
System of points scoring in the game of chess
In chess, by far the most common scoring system is 1 point for a win, ½ for a draw, and 0 for a loss. A number of different notations are used to denote
Chess_scoring
Chess opening
The Tennison Gambit is a chess opening in which White gambits a pawn. The opening moves begin with either the Zukertort Opening: 1. Nf3 d5 2. e4 or the
Tennison_Gambit
problem-solving in children, which is why several local governments, schools, and student organizations all over the world are implementing chess programs
Chess_as_mental_training
Chess opening
The Berlin Defence is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 The Berlin is the second most popular reply (after 3
Berlin_Defence
US periodical
The monthly Chess Life and bi-monthly Chess Life Kids (formerly School Mates and Chess Life for Kids) are the official magazines published by the United
Chess_Life
Israeli science writer
first time won the individual World Chess Solving Championship. In 1986 he gained the title of International Solving Grandmaster. In 1999 Comay second time
Ofer_Comay
and was a competitive chess player with the United States Chess Federation. He has a talent for composing and solving chess puzzles. Terence Tao (1975–)
List_of_child_prodigies
Variant of chess
in the 19th century in India. It is a solved game with a forced win for Black. Black has a full, standard chess army ("sepoys") in the usual position
Maharajah_and_the_Sepoys
Chess opening
The Benoni Defense, or simply the Benoni, is a chess opening characterized by an early reply of ...c5 against White's opening move 1.d4. The original
Benoni_Defense
Slovak chess composer and chess player (born 1961)
the FIDE for Chess Compositions. In the Solvers' rating list of WFCC, April 2013, he was 11th with 2613 rating points. International Solving Grandmasters
Ladislav_Salai_Jr.
Chess opening
The English Opening is a chess opening that begins with the move: 1. c4 A flank opening, it is the fourth most popular and, according to various databases
English_Opening
Chess opening
The Blackmar–Diemer Gambit (or BDG) is a chess opening characterized by the moves: 1. d4 d5 2. e4 dxe4 3. Nc3 White intends to follow up with f3, usually
Blackmar–Diemer_Gambit
Chess opening
In chess, the Smith–Morra Gambit (or simply Morra Gambit) is an opening gambit against the Sicilian Defence distinguished by the moves: 1. e4 c5 2. d4
Smith–Morra_Gambit
Chess opening
The Dutch Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves: 1. d4 f5 Black's 1...f5 stakes a claim to the e4-square and envisions an attack in the
Dutch_Defence
Chess opening
The Albin Countergambit is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e5 and the usual continuation is: 3. dxe5 d4 The opening is a gambit
Albin_Countergambit
Chess variant: goal is to lose pieces
Losing chess is one of the most popular chess variants. The objective of each player is to lose all of their pieces or be stalemated. Players must make
Losing_chess
Chess opening
The Catalan Opening is a chess opening where White plays d4 and c4 and fianchettoes the white bishop on g2. A common opening sequence is 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4
Catalan_Opening
Chess opening
Opening (or the Bird Opening, Stein Opening, or the Dutch Attack) is a chess opening beginning with the move: 1. f4 Named after 19th-century English
Bird's_Opening
Polish chess grandmaster (born 1991)
a Polish chess player who received the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM) in September 2012. He is a six-time winner of the World Chess Solving Championship
Kacper_Piorun
Chess opening
The Barnes Opening (sometimes called Gedult's Opening) is a chess opening where White opens with: 1. f3 The opening is named after Thomas Wilson Barnes
Barnes_Opening
Work from the 13th century
axedrez, dados e tablas ("Book of chess, dice and tables", in Old Spanish), is a 13th century Spanish treatise of chess that synthesizes the information
Libro_de_los_juegos
The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1,500 years to its earliest known predecessor, called chaturanga, in India; its prehistory is the subject
History_of_chess
Chess opening
The King's Indian Defence (or KID) is a common chess opening. It is defined by the following moves: 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 Black intends to follow up with
King's_Indian_Defence
Problem or enigma that tests a person's ingenuity
aptitude may be better at solving such puzzles compared to others. But puzzles based upon inquiry and discovery may be solved more easily by those with
Puzzle
British chess grandmaster and mathematician (born 1957)
The Penguin Encyclopedia of Chess. Penguin Books. pp. 285–286. ISBN 978-0-14-046452-8. List of Chess Solving GMs World Solving Ch. 1997 result Olimpbase
Jonathan_Mestel
Chess opening
Grob's Attack, or the Grob Opening, is an unconventional chess opening in which White begins with the move: 1. g4 It is widely considered to be one of
Grob's_Attack
Reference book first published in 1911
Modern Chess Openings (usually called MCO) is a reference book on chess openings, first published in 1911 by the British players Richard Clewin Griffith
Modern_Chess_Openings
The London 1883 chess tournament was a strong chess tournament among most of the leading players of the day. It was won convincingly by Johannes Zukertort
London_1883_chess_tournament
Composed chess endgame position
In the game of chess, an endgame study, or just study, is a type of chess problem that starts with a composed position—i.e. one that has been made up rather
Endgame_study
Chess opening
The Queen's Indian Defense (QID) is a chess opening defined by the moves: 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 The opening is a solid defense to the Queen's Pawn
Queen's_Indian_Defense
Chess variant played on a 6×6 board without bishops
Los Alamos chess (or anti-clerical chess) is a chess variant played on a 6×6 board without bishops. This was the first chess-like game played by a computer
Los_Alamos_chess
Chess opening
edge for White. List of chess openings List of chess openings named after people Siegbert Tarrasch wrote, using descriptive chess notation, "To 2.P-QB3
Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation
Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation
Unofficial World Computer Chess Championship
Top Chess Engine Championship, formerly known as Thoresen Chess Engines Competition (TCEC or nTCEC), is a computer chess tournament that has been run since
Top_Chess_Engine_Championship
Fictional chess game from Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey
Poole vs. HAL 9000 is a chess game depicted in the 1968 science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Astronaut Frank Poole (White) plays the supercomputer
Poole_versus_HAL_9000
Finnish chess problemist
individual World Chess Solving Championship: 1986, 1992 and 1995. In 2005 in Legnica he won the first European Chess Solving Championship. Chess Composers International
Pauli_Perkonoja
Chess became a source of inspiration in the arts in literature soon after the spread of the game to the Arab World and Europe in the Middle Ages. The
Chess_in_the_arts
the progress of significant human–computer chess matches. Chess computers were first able to beat strong chess players in the late 1980s. Their most famous
Human–computer_chess_matches
Two-player game invented by Martin Gardner
compulsory, the result is the game Dawson's chess. The game was invented by Thomas Rayner Dawson in 1935. Dawson's chess reduces to the impartial game denoted
Hexapawn
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