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Condition in economics and game theory
Perfect information is a concept in game theory and economics that describes a situation where all players in a game or all participants in a market have
Perfect_information
Decision theory term
expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is the price that one would be willing to pay in order to gain access to perfect information. A common discipline
Expected value of perfect information
Expected_value_of_perfect_information
Concept in contract theory and economics
case that all information relevant to a given transaction is known to both (or all) parties, the situation is said to be a perfect information scenario. Information
Information_asymmetry
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
subset of sequential games consists of games of perfect information. A game with perfect information means that all players, at every move in the game
Game_theory
Topic in game theory
relevant information acquired during the game. It is important to distinguish perfect recall from perfect information. While perfect information means all
Perfect_recall_(game_theory)
Information that identifies a person
new externality, stating that the consumer would not always have perfect information on how their own data would be used. Kenneth C. Laudon developed
Personal_data
Security of a cryptosystem which derives purely from information theory
A cryptosystem is considered to have information-theoretic security (also called unconditional security) if the system is secure against adversaries with
Information-theoretic security
Information-theoretic_security
Game whose outcome can be correctly predicted
leading to a bad result. Perfect play can be generalized to non-perfect information games, as the strategy that would guarantee the highest minimal expected
Solved_game
Game theory concept
Every finite extensive game with complete information (all players know the complete state of the game) and perfect recall (each player remembers all their
Subgame_perfect_equilibrium
Amount in information economics
distinguished into value of perfect information, also called value of clairvoyance (VoC), and value of imperfect information. They are closely related to
Value_of_information
Paper-and-pencil game for two players
became one of the first known video games. The computer player could play perfect games of tic-tac-toe against a human opponent. In 1975, tic-tac-toe was
Tic-tac-toe
Market structure in which firms are price takers for a homogeneous product
equilibrium theory, a perfect market, also known as an atomistic market, is defined by several idealizing conditions, collectively called perfect competition,
Perfect_competition
Solution concept of a non-cooperative game
finite n {\displaystyle n} -person positional (graphical) games with perfect information. In case of two players, Nash solvability in pure strategies is equivalent
Nash_equilibrium
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
perfectly competitive, and market participants have perfect information. In the absence of perfect information or complete markets, outcomes will generally be
Pareto_efficiency
Level of information in economics and game theory
augment their payoffs. Complete information is importantly different from perfect information. In a game of complete information, the structure of the game
Complete_information
Wide-ranging representation of a game in game theory
one class of outgoing edges for every information set (of his). In a game of perfect information, the information sets are singletons. It's less evident
Extensive-form_game
Concept in game theory
important in games with imperfect information. In games with perfect information (such as chess or Go), every information set contains exactly one decision
Information_set_(game_theory)
Finding an optimal algorithm for playing chess
generally solving chess-like games (i.e. combinatorial games of perfect information) such as Capablanca chess and infinite chess. In a weaker sense,
Solving_chess
Mental skill based games
randomness), and in which there is little to no hidden information. Many abstracts are also perfect information games. Pure abstract strategy games are typically
Abstract_strategy_game
Solution concept in game theory
game theory, a Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium (PBE) is a solution with Bayesian probability to a turn-based game with incomplete information. More specifically
Perfect_Bayesian_equilibrium
otherwise, the game is a simultaneous move game. Perfect information: A game has perfect information if it is a sequential game and every player knows
List_of_games_in_game_theory
Social activity played on a flat surface
role are referred to as partial or imperfect information games as opposed to full or perfect information games. Examples of the chance classification
Tabletop_game
Model of humans as rational, self-interested agents
economicus is often (but not necessarily) modelled through the assumption of perfect rationality. It assumes that agents always act in a way that maximize utility
Homo_economicus
Game using playing cards as the primary device
are often characterized as games of "imperfect information"—as distinct from games of perfect information, where the current position is fully visible to
Card_game
Verb form focusing on the result of a past event
the occurrence itself. An example of a perfect construction is I have made dinner. Although this gives information about a prior action (the speaker's making
Perfect_(grammar)
Concept in decision theory
Ronald A. Howard proposed one such measure, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), a measure of how much it would be worth to learn the "true"
Expected value of including uncertainty
Expected_value_of_including_uncertainty
Branch of game theory about two-player sequential games with perfect information
theoretical computer science that typically studies sequential games with perfect information. Research in this field has primarily focused on two-player games
Combinatorial_game_theory
Card game
Blue). Computers benefit from the fact that chess is a scenario of perfect information, where both players possess full knowledge regarding the state of
Poker
1997 Japanese animated film by Satoshi Kon
Perfect Blue (Japanese: パーフェクトブルー, Hepburn: Pāfekuto Burū) is a 1997 Japanese animated psychological horror film directed by Satoshi Kon. It is loosely
Perfect_Blue
In terms of game theory, it is a zero-sum, sequential game with perfect information. Before play begins, a square grid of at least 3×3 squares in size
SOS_(paper-and-pencil_game)
English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation"
sub-games to be sub-game perfect. Further, this sub-game may be reached if any noise is allowed in the agents' signaling. A sub-game perfect variant of tit for
Tit_for_tat
American rock supergroup
A Perfect Circle is an American rock supergroup formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1999 by guitarist Billy Howerdel and Tool vocalist Maynard James
A_Perfect_Circle
1970 economics paper by George Akerlof
price and quantity of goods traded in the market than a market with perfect information. Suppose buyers cannot distinguish between a high-quality car (a
The_Market_for_Lemons
Hand game for two or more players
example of a combinatorial game, and is solved in the sense that, with perfect play, an optimal strategy from any point is known. In Chopsticks, players
Chopsticks_(hand_game)
Game theory concept
issues, Perfect Bayesian equilibrium, according to subgame perfect equilibrium, requires that subsequent play be optimal starting from any information set
Bayesian_game
games are combinatorial, i.e. they provide perfect information (instead of hidden or imperfect information), rely on neither physical dexterity nor non-deterministic
List of abstract strategy games
List_of_abstract_strategy_games
Making of satisfactory, not optimal, decisions
choice given the information available. Therefore, bounded rationality can be said to address the discrepancy between the assumed perfect rationality of
Bounded_rationality
Concept in game theory
infinitesimal player ds is then defined as "their" contribution to the worth of a "perfect" sample of all the players. Symbolically, if v is the coalitional worth
Shapley_value
In board games that cannot end in a draw, one of the two players has a winning strategy
Zermelo's theorem is a theorem about finite two-person games of perfect information in which the players move alternately and in which chance does not
Zermelo's theorem (game theory)
Zermelo's_theorem_(game_theory)
Process of reasoning backwards in sequence
for any game of perfect information with no ties of utility. It is also well-defined and meaningful for games of perfect information with ties. However
Backward_induction
Subfield of set theory
games with imperfect information such as poker. The first sort of game we shall consider is the two-player game of perfect information of length ω, in which
Determinacy
Solution concept in Game Theory
for static games of incomplete information. It is both a generalization of the correlated equilibrium perfect-information solution concept to bayesian games
Bayes_correlated_equilibrium
Complete, full information, perfectly competitive markets are Pareto efficient
economic equilibrium, a set of complete markets, with complete information, and in perfect competition, will be Pareto optimal (in the sense that no further
Fundamental theorems of welfare economics
Fundamental_theorems_of_welfare_economics
Complete plan on how a game player will behave in every possible game situation
reach it. Figure [2] describes this game. Without perfect information (i.e., imperfect information), players make a choice at each decision node without
Strategy_(game_theory)
Game
expected value of perfect information of 0 for the standard game, and simulations that included giving players perfect information still showed poor team
Beer_distribution_game
Human methods against game-playing computers
move, will essentially never work against a computer in games of perfect information.) The field is most associated with the 1990s and early 2000s, when
Anti-computer_tactics
Representation of a game in game theory
corresponding payoffs, for each player. In static games of complete, perfect information, a normal-form representation of a game is a specification of players'
Normal-form_game
this graph: Expected value of sample information (EVSI) is a relaxation of the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) metric, which encodes the increase
Expected value of sample information
Expected_value_of_sample_information
Theorem in descriptive set theory
is a possibly infinite two-player game, where both players have perfect information and no randomness is involved. The theorem is a far reaching generalization
Borel_determinacy_theorem
Combinatorial game theory concept to represent all possible game states
representing all possible game states within a sequential game that has perfect information. Such games include chess, checkers, Go, and tic-tac-toe. A game
Game_tree
Game where a certain player can force a win with perfect play
game theory, a two-player deterministic perfect information turn-based game is a first-player win if with perfect play the first player to move can always
First-player and second-player win
First-player_and_second-player_win
Concept in game theory
Furthermore, impartial games are played with perfect information and no chance moves, meaning all information about the game and operations for both players
Impartial_game
Therapy based on clinical educated guesses
basis of a clinical "educated guess" in the absence of complete or perfect information. Thus it is applied before the confirmation of a definitive medical
Empiric_therapy
Branch of microeconomics
games that may apply, including games with perfect information, complete information, and incomplete information. Experimental and game-theory methods have
Information_economics
Study of the markets for wage labour
and cartel theory. In many real-life situations, the assumption of perfect information is unrealistic. An employer does not necessarily know how hard workers
Labour_economics
Cache of previously seen positions, and associated evaluations in a game tree
below that position. Transposition tables are primarily useful in perfect-information games (where the entire state of the game is known to all players
Transposition_table
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
used to prevent unauthorized tampering. IT security is not a perfect subset of information security and therefore does not completely align with the security
Computer_security
Concept in game theory
A Markov perfect equilibrium is an equilibrium concept in game theory. It has been used in analyses of industrial organization, macroeconomics, and political
Markov_perfect_equilibrium
Variant of Nash equilibrium in game theory
In game theory, trembling hand perfect equilibrium, or simply perfect equilibrium, is a type of refinement of a Nash equilibrium that was first proposed
Trembling hand perfect equilibrium
Trembling_hand_perfect_equilibrium
Problem in process of sharing surplus
splitting some surplus. The division of the surplus in the unique subgame perfect equilibrium depends upon how strongly players prefer current over future
Cooperative_bargaining
Single-player game played with mahjong tiles
matching tiles and that the hidden tiles are uniformly distributed. The perfect-information version of this puzzle is where the player knows, before the game
Mahjong_solitaire
uses a specific concept of information. It defines situations with no information as black, and those with perfect information as white. However, neither
Grey_relational_analysis
Type of perfect Bayesian equilibrium
In signaling games, a separating equilibrium is a type of perfect Bayesian equilibrium where agents with different characteristics choose different actions
Separating_equilibrium
Economic model
Stackelberg a crucial advantage. There is also the important assumption of perfect information in the Stackelberg game: the follower must observe the quantity chosen
Stackelberg_competition
Graph with tight clique-coloring relation
perfect graph theorem states that the complement graph of a perfect graph is also perfect. The strong perfect graph theorem characterizes the perfect
Perfect_graph
Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to Eric van Damme. Informally, a player playing by a strategy
Quasi-perfect_equilibrium
Solution concept in game theory
behavior in the so-called Showcase Showdown, a sequential game of perfect information, can be well explained by an agent quantal response equilibrium (AQRE)
Quantal_response_equilibrium
American mathematician (1921–2008)
Gale and F. M. Stewart initiated the study of infinite games with perfect information. This work led to fundamental contributions to mathematical logic
David_Gale
Concept in economics
two conditions: Negligible transaction costs and therefore also perfect information, Every asset in every possible state of the world has a price. In
Complete_market
Mathematical game on a topological space
In mathematics, a topological game is an infinite game of perfect information played between two players on a topological space. Players choose objects
Topological_game
Class of games where players choose their actions sequentially
refined by Harold W. Kuhn between 1910 and 1930. Sequential games with perfect information—where all prior moves are known—can be analyzed using combinatorial
Sequential_game
studied in set theory are Gale–Stewart games – two-player games of perfect information in which the players make an infinite sequence of moves and there
Glossary_of_game_theory
Scientific study of digital information
Information theory is the mathematical study of the quantification, storage, and communication of a particular type of mathematically defined information
Information_theory
entirely realistic. For example, agents are often assumed to have perfect information, and markets are often assumed to clear without friction. Or, the
Problems_with_economic_models
Incomplete-information coordination game
knowledge lead to very different strategical implications from that of perfect common knowledge. Intuitively, it shows that arbitrarily long but finite
Electronic_mail_game
2000 Nintendo 64 video game
Perfect Dark is a 2000 first-person shooter game developed and published by Rare for the Nintendo 64. The first game of the Perfect Dark series, it follows
Perfect_Dark
British musician (1943–2022)
Christine Anne McVie (/məkˈviː/; née Perfect; 12 July 1943 – 30 November 2022) was an English musician. She was the keyboardist and one of the vocalists
Christine_McVie
1962 book by William H. Riker
side-payments are permitted, where players are rational, and where they have perfect information, only minimum winning coalitions occur." Riker builds on this to
The Theory of Political Coalitions
The_Theory_of_Political_Coalitions
Formal rule for predicting how a game will be played
equilibria. A perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) is a specification of players' strategies and beliefs about which node in the information set has been
Solution_concept
Economic scenario
complete or "perfect" information, resources are perfectly mobile and firms can enter or exit the market without cost. Under idealized perfect competition
Competition_(economics)
Theoretical auction process where prices adjust until all markets clear
demand in a market of perfect competition. The auctioneer provides for the features of perfect competition: perfect information and no transaction costs
Walrasian_auction
Israeli-American mathematician (born 1930)
Problem, Naval Research Logistics 1960: Acceptable Points in Games of Perfect Information, Pacific Journal of Mathematics 10 (1960), pp. 381–417 1974: (with
Robert_Aumann
Voting system
almost surely will not have perfect information, it may not apply to real elections. In that matter, it is similar to the perfect competition model sometimes
Two-round_system
Word processing application
WordPerfect (WP) is a word processing application, now owned by Corel. At the height of its popularity in the 1980s and early 1990s, it was the market
WordPerfect
Game that repeats a base game
a unique Nash equilibrium, then the repeated game has a unique subgame perfect Nash equilibrium strategy profile of playing the stage game equilibrium
Repeated_game
Quality of a strategy in game theory
IEWDS can reduce the game to a trivial subgame containing a unique subgame-perfect equilibrium. Max-dominated strategy Risk dominance Winning strategy Leyton-Brown
Strategic_dominance
Aspect of game theory
but may have misconceptions about what their opponents would do at information sets that are never reached when the equilibrium is played. Self-confirming
Self-confirming_equilibrium
Baire spaces. This game was the first infinite positional game of perfect information to be studied. It was introduced by Stanisław Mazur as problem 43
Banach–Mazur_game
Australian independent-animated web series
"A Dragon Ball Legend's New Series Has Officially Gone Viral After Near-Perfect First Episode". Screen Rant. Oddo, Marco (29 May 2026). "After 11 Years
Gameoverse
American mystery drama miniseries
The Perfect Couple is an American mystery drama miniseries based on the 2018 novel by Elin Hilderbrand. Created by Jenna Lamia and directed by Susanne
The Perfect Couple (TV series)
The_Perfect_Couple_(TV_series)
Refinement of Nash equilibrium
called an assessment for the game. Informally speaking, an assessment is a perfect Bayesian equilibrium if its strategies are sensible given its beliefs and
Sequential_equilibrium
Field of economics and game theory
preferences or what information they have. Mechanism design thus focuses on the study of solution concepts for a class of private-information games. Mechanism
Mechanism_design
Subset of a game; used in game theory
subgame perfect by ignoring playable strategies to which a strategy was not a best response. Furthermore, if subgames cut across information sets, then
Subgame
Mathematical game
majority.[citation needed] This game illustrates the difference between the perfect rationality of an actor and the common knowledge of the rationality of
Guess_2/3_of_the_average
Poker game developed by Harold Kuhn
of Games. Vol. 1. Princeton University Press. pp. 97–103. James Peck. "Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium" (PDF). Ohio State University. Retrieved 2 September
Kuhn_poker
equilibrium or MAPNASH is a refinement of subgame perfect equilibrium used in dynamic games of imperfect information. Informally, a strategy set is a MAPNASH of
Manipulated_Nash_equilibrium
Indian academic (born 1951)
Journal of Mathematical Economics Vol. 39, pp. 391–400. "Learning with Perfect Information" (2004) (with O. Haimanko) Games and Economic Behavior Vol. 46, pp
Pradeep_Dubey
Extension of propositional modal logic
game semantics of μ-calculus is related to two-player games with perfect information, particularly infinite parity games. Let P (propositions) and A (actions)
Modal_μ-calculus
abbreviated PD, states that for any two-player infinite game of perfect information of length ω in which the players play natural numbers, if the victory
Projective_determinacy
Israeli economist
analyzed perfect equilibrium in repeated game models with players using "limit of means" or "overtaking" criteria, proving what is known as the Perfect Folk
Ariel_Rubinstein
PERFECT INFORMATION
PERFECT INFORMATION
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a pet form of the personal name P(i)erre, French form of Peter.English (Bristol) : variant of Parrott
Girl/Female
Tamil
Perfect
Surname or Lastname
English (Bristol)
English (Bristol) : variant of Parrott 1.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Perfect
Boy/Male
Muslim
Perfect
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Perfect
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Perfect
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Perfect
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pakistani
Perfect
Girl/Female
Tamil
Surasti | ஸà¯à®°à®¸à¯à®¤à¯€
Perfect
Surasti | ஸà¯à®°à®¸à¯à®¤à¯€
Girl/Female
Spanish
Perfect.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Nicika | நீஸீகா  Â
Perfect
Nicika | நீஸீகா  Â
Boy/Male
French
Perfect.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Perfect
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Parfitt.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Perfect
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Perfect
Boy/Male
Muslim
Perfect
Girl/Female
Arabic
Perfect.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Perfect
PERFECT INFORMATION
PERFECT INFORMATION
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Servant of the Creator
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, or German
English, Scottish, or German : variant of Huskey.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Christian, French, German, Hebrew
Supplanter; She who Supplants
Male
Hebrew
(יָעְוּר) Hebrew name YAUWR means "forested." In the bible, this is the name of the father of Elhanan. The English form is Jair.
Biblical
Rabboni, my master
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Nature; Natural Disposition
Male
Russian
(Russian Ðфон): Russian form of Greek Athos, AFON means "immortal." This name was given to a mountain and monastery in Abkhazia, called New Athos. Compare with another form of Afon.
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Iyov, IYYOV means "hated, oppressed."
Girl/Female
Indian
Wind
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Latin Climacus, CLÃMACO means "ladder."
PERFECT INFORMATION
PERFECT INFORMATION
PERFECT INFORMATION
PERFECT INFORMATION
PERFECT INFORMATION
a.
Perfect.
a.
Perfect.
n.
Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the law goes into effect in May.
a.
Well informed; certain; sure.
a.
Imperfect.
n.
The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.
n.
A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person.
a.
Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.
v. t.
To make imperfect.
n.
The imperfect tense; or the form of a verb denoting the imperfect tense.
imp. & p. p.
of Perfect
adv.
In a perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly.
a.
Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a part; deective; deficient.
a.
To make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.
n.
Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; as, to speak with effect.
n.
One who, or that which, makes perfect.
a.
Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or perfectly harmonious.
a.
Liable to defect; imperfect.
a.
Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of flower.
n.
Failing; fault; imperfection, whether physical or moral; blemish; as, a defect in the ear or eye; a defect in timber or iron; a defect of memory or judgment.