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Game theory
Program equilibrium is a game-theoretic solution concept for a scenario in which players submit computer programs to play the game on their behalf and
Program_equilibrium
Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is the study of constrained optimization problems where the constraints include variational
Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints
Mathematical_programming_with_equilibrium_constraints
Solution concept of a non-cooperative game
In game theory, a Nash equilibrium is a situation where no player could gain more by changing their own strategy (holding all other players' strategies
Nash_equilibrium
Trait of a player in game theory
cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma against a similar opponent. Program equilibrium has been proposed as a mechanistic model of superrationality. Evidential
Superrationality
American AI researcher and writer (born 1979)
Bárász, Mihály; Christiano, Paul; Herreshoff, Marcello (2014). "Program Equilibrium in the Prisoner's Dilemma via Löb's Theorem". Multiagent Interaction
Eliezer_Yudkowsky
Chemical property
The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical
Equilibrium_constant
Topics referred to by the same term
prover Exact quantum polynomial time Equality-constrained quadratic program Equilibrium partitioning Elders quorum president England Qualified Player, individuals
EQP
Game theory solution
In game theory, a correlated equilibrium is a solution concept that is more general than the well known Nash equilibrium. It was first discussed by mathematician
Correlated_equilibrium
Thermodynamic equilibrium between a solid and a solution of the same compound
Solubility equilibrium is a type of dynamic equilibrium that exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution
Solubility_equilibrium
When the ratio of reactants to products of a chemical reaction is constant with time
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further
Chemical_equilibrium
Mathematical optimization concept
"General Equilibrium Model and Dual Linear Program". CRAN - R Project. Retrieved 2023-06-26. Detailed documentation on the General Equilibrium Model and
Dual_linear_program
Theory of equilibrium between supply and demand
will result in an overall general equilibrium. General equilibrium theory contrasts with the theory of partial equilibrium, which analyzes a specific part
General_equilibrium_theory
Situation where total gains match total losses
minimax theorem which is closely related to linear programming duality, or with Nash equilibrium. In contrast, positive-sum or win–win games describe
Zero-sum_game
general equilibrium Recursive competitive equilibrium, an economic equilibrium concept associated with a dynamic program Static equilibrium (economics)
List_of_types_of_equilibrium
In game theory and operations research, a Wardrop equilibrium is a concept developed by John Glen Wardrop for the prediction of traffic patterns in transportation
Wardrop_equilibrium
Method to solve optimization problems
between linear programs, eigenequations, John von Neumann's general equilibrium model, and structural equilibrium models (see dual linear program for details)
Linear_programming
Nonprofit AI safety organization
Bárász, Mihály; Christiano, Paul; Herreshoff, Marcello (2014). "Program Equilibrium in the Prisoner's Dilemma via Löb's Theorem" (PDF). Multiagent Interaction
Machine Intelligence Research Institute
Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute
Refinement of Nash equilibrium
Sequential equilibrium is a refinement of Nash equilibrium for extensive form games due to David M. Kreps and Robert Wilson. A sequential equilibrium specifies
Sequential_equilibrium
A Lindahl equilibrium (LEQ) is a solution concept for allocating a fixed budget across several divisible public goods. It describes how efficiency and
Lindahl_equilibrium
Subdiscipline of chemistry concerned with chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium chemistry is concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium. The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the
Equilibrium_chemistry
Theory in evolutionary biology
In evolutionary biology, punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory that proposes that once a new species appears in the fossil
Punctuated_equilibrium
Solution concept in Game Theory
cursed equilibrium is a solution concept for static games of incomplete information. It is a generalization of the usual Bayesian Nash equilibrium, allowing
Cursed_equilibrium
Mathematical game
dominated strategies. There is a unique pure strategy, Nash equilibrium. This equilibrium can be found by iterated elimination of weakly dominated strategies
Guess_2/3_of_the_average
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
thermodynamics which primarily studies systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is often treated as an extension of the classical
Thermodynamics
Solution concept in Game Theory
correlated equilibrium is a solution concept for static games of incomplete information. It is both a generalization of the correlated equilibrium perfect-information
Bayes_correlated_equilibrium
regularities in asset price co-movements. This is the equilibrium associated with dynamic programs that represent the decision problem when agents must
Recursive competitive equilibrium
Recursive_competitive_equilibrium
Formal rule for predicting how a game will be played
game. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts, most famously Nash equilibrium. Many solution concepts, for many games, will result
Solution_concept
Variant of Nash equilibrium in game theory
theory, trembling hand perfect equilibrium, or simply perfect equilibrium, is a type of refinement of a Nash equilibrium that was first proposed by Reinhard
Trembling hand perfect equilibrium
Trembling_hand_perfect_equilibrium
Game theory concept
theory, a subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE), or subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE), is a refinement of the Nash equilibrium concept, specifically designed
Subgame_perfect_equilibrium
Standard example in game theory
strategy for both players. Mutual defection is the only strong Nash equilibrium in the game. Since the collectively ideal result of mutual cooperation
Prisoner's_dilemma
Biochemistry process
In biochemistry, equilibrium unfolding is the process of unfolding a protein or RNA molecule by gradually changing its environment, such as by changing
Equilibrium_unfolding
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
Although game theory has broad application in general equilibrium theory, general equilibrium economists are usually concerned with macroeconomic issues
Game_theory
Situation where players have only a small incentive to change strategies
epsilon-equilibrium, or near-Nash equilibrium, is a strategy profile that approximately satisfies the condition of Nash equilibrium. In a Nash equilibrium, no
Epsilon-equilibrium
Solution concept in game theory
In game-theoretical terms, an ESS is an equilibrium refinement of the Nash equilibrium, being a Nash equilibrium that is also "evolutionarily stable." Thus
Evolutionarily stable strategy
Evolutionarily_stable_strategy
Class of economic models
Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are a class of economic models that use actual economic data to estimate how an economy might react to changes
Computable general equilibrium
Computable_general_equilibrium
Class of theorems about Nash equilibrium payoff profiles in repeated games
folk theorems are a class of theorems describing an abundance of Nash equilibrium payoff profiles in repeated games (Friedman 1971). The original Folk
Folk_theorem_(game_theory)
Moisture content at which a material is neither gaining nor losing moisture
The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of a hygroscopic material surrounded at least partially by air is the moisture content at which the material is
Equilibrium_moisture_content
Equilibrium constants are determined in order to quantify chemical equilibria. When an equilibrium constant K is expressed as a concentration quotient
Determination of equilibrium constants
Determination_of_equilibrium_constants
Game theory concept
the Nash equilibrium for the game can be computed using these representations, and the BNE can be recovered from the results. A linear program can be formulated
Bayesian_game
Aspect of game theory
In game theory, self-confirming equilibrium is a generalization of Nash equilibrium for extensive form games, in which players correctly predict the moves
Self-confirming_equilibrium
Type of perfect Bayesian equilibrium
In signaling games, a separating equilibrium is a type of perfect Bayesian equilibrium where agents with different characteristics choose different actions
Separating_equilibrium
Solution concept in game theory
Proper equilibrium in game theory is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium by Roger B. Myerson. Proper equilibrium further refines Reinhard Selten's notion
Proper_equilibrium
Solution concept in game theory
response equilibrium (QRE) is a solution concept in game theory. First introduced by Richard McKelvey and Thomas Palfrey, it provides an equilibrium notion
Quantal_response_equilibrium
Measure of an acid's strength in solution
quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction HA ↽ − − ⇀ A − + H + {\displaystyle
Acid_dissociation_constant
game theory, a symmetric equilibrium is an equilibrium where all players use the same strategy (possibly mixed) in the equilibrium. In the Prisoner's Dilemma
Symmetric_equilibrium
Solution concept capturing altruism in game theory
Berge equilibrium is a game theory solution concept named after the mathematician Claude Berge. It is similar to the standard Nash equilibrium, except
Berge_equilibrium
Solution concept in game theory
Equilibrium (PBE) is a solution with Bayesian probability to a turn-based game with incomplete information. More specifically, it is an equilibrium concept
Perfect_Bayesian_equilibrium
Concept in game theory
A Markov perfect equilibrium is an equilibrium concept in game theory. It has been used in analyses of industrial organization, macroeconomics, and political
Markov_perfect_equilibrium
Macroeconomic method
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (abbreviated as DSGE, or DGE, or sometimes SDGE) is a macroeconomic method which is often employed by
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium
Dynamic_stochastic_general_equilibrium
Logical paradox in decision-making theory
asymmetry Win–win game Zero-sum game Equilibrium Bayes correlated Berge Correlated Cursed Epsilon Gibbs equilibrium Markov perfect Mertens-stable Nash Strong
Paradox_of_tolerance
High school in Morris County, New Jersey, US
the USBands Group III A national championship in 2015 with their program Equilibrium. In 2018, teacher Mary Gormley received the "National Educator of
Montville Township High School
Montville_Township_High_School
Solution concept in game theory
Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to Eric van Damme. Informally, a player playing by a strategy
Quasi-perfect_equilibrium
Consumer preferences property
Preferences are supposed to be locally nonsatiated. Market is at competitive equilibrium if there are no monopolies in the market. This means that prices are
Local_nonsatiation
Concept in game theory
In this coordination game, any place and time in the city could be an equilibrium solution. Schelling asked a group of students this question and found
Focal_point_(game_theory)
Property of a thermodynamic system
with time. As a result, isolated systems evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest. "High" entropy means that energy is more
Entropy
Concept in game theory
Equilibrium selection is a concept from game theory which seeks to address reasons for players of a game to select a certain equilibrium over another.
Equilibrium_selection
1930s programs of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt
John Maynard Keynes explained that situation as an underemployment equilibrium where skeptic business prospects prevent companies from hiring new employees
New_Deal
Solution concept for non-cooperative games
perfect equilibrium implements a weak version of backward induction, and increasingly stronger versions are sequential equilibrium, perfect equilibrium, quasi-perfect
Mertens-stable_equilibrium
Solution concept in game theory
refinements of the Nash equilibrium (NE) solution concept in game theory, defined by John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten. A Nash equilibrium is considered payoff
Risk_dominance
Solution Concept for Noncooperative games
In game theory, a satisfaction equilibrium is a solution concept for a class of non-cooperative games, namely games in satisfaction form. Games in satisfaction
Satisfaction_equilibrium
Economical computational problem
Nash equilibrium (NE) computation is a class of computational problems in the intersection of game theory and computer science. The input to this problem
Nash_equilibrium_computation
English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation"
disappear." Can be both Nash equilibrium and knife-edge equilibrium. Known as knife-edge equilibrium because the equilibrium "rests precariously on" the
Tit_for_tat
Economical computational problem
Market equilibrium computation (also called competitive equilibrium computation or clearing-prices computation) is a computational problem in the intersection
Market equilibrium computation
Market_equilibrium_computation
Concept in game theory
In game theory, a strong Nash equilibrium (SNE) is a combination of actions of the different players, in which no coalition of players can cooperatively
Strong_Nash_equilibrium
Socialist tendency developed by Nikolai Bukharin
systems exist in a state of equilibrium. There is an "external equilibrium" between society and nature, and an "internal equilibrium" among society's different
Bukharinism
American economist (1921–2017)
theory, notably his "impossibility theorem", and his work on general equilibrium analysis are significant. His work in many other areas of economics,
Kenneth_Arrow
Economic system based on social ownership of the means of production in a market economy
Bardhan and Roemer model and decomposed the capital function in a general equilibrium system to take account of entrepreneurial activity in market socialist
Market_socialism
Naturally-pressurized water source
would rise to a height corresponding to the point where hydrostatic equilibrium is reached. A well drilled into such an aquifer is called an artesian
Artesian_well
Amin; Vazirani, Vijay V. (2008-11-05). "Market equilibrium via a primal--dual algorithm for a convex program". Journal of the ACM. 55 (5): 22:1–22:18. doi:10
Fisher_market
Economic model
competition Extensive form game Industrial organization Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints Leontief, Wassily (1936). "Stackelberg on Monopolistic
Stackelberg_competition
Decision rule used for minimizing the possible loss for a worst-case scenario
two-player zero-sum games, the minimax solution is the same as the Nash equilibrium. In the context of zero-sum games, the minimax theorem is equivalent
Minimax
American serial killer (1946–1989)
five places. She was left with permanent deafness in her left ear and equilibrium damage that ended her dance career. On Thomas' bed, police found a semen
Ted_Bundy
Chemical compound
is in equilibrium with calcium carbonate. At room temperature the equilibrium overwhelmingly favors calcium carbonate, because the equilibrium CO2 pressure
Calcium_carbonate
Brazilian political ideology named after Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
this political system to take the form of a sort of consensus". This equilibrium allowed the government to gradually make significant changes in policy
Lulism
Low-quality AI-generated digital content
people stop using the term "slop" and instead accept AI as the "new equilibrium" of human nature. The resulting public backlash was described as a Streisand
AI_slop
School of economic thought
on the role of deviation from equilibrium in economics. This approach is also known as non-Walrasian theory, equilibrium with rationing, the non-market
Disequilibrium_macroeconomics
Aqueous solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base
a chemical equilibrium between the weak acid HA and its conjugate base A−: HA ⇌ H+ + A− When some strong acid is added to an equilibrium mixture of the
Buffer_solution
2022 book by Henry Kissinger
and the decline of its foreign policy power. Thatcher pushed through her program of economic liberalization against strong opposition. As a result, Thatcher
Leadership: Six Studies in World Strategy
Leadership:_Six_Studies_in_World_Strategy
antonym for human. Ecosystems do not naturally move back towards an equilibrium using negative feedback. The concept of an inherent "balance of nature"
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Paper-and-pencil game for two players
the searching of game trees. It is straightforward to write a computer program to play tic-tac-toe perfectly or to enumerate the 765 essentially different
Tic-tac-toe
Economic model
produce and sell in the market. It is a static game, whereby a Nash equilibrium is found where no firms desire to unilaterally change their output level
Cournot_competition
Model of conflict for two players in game theory
"Chicken" and "Hawk–Dove", the only symmetric Nash equilibrium is the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, where both individuals randomly chose between playing
Chicken_(game)
Campaign for president of Argentina by Libertarian Party member Javier Milei
they are future taxes. And if that debt is external, it raises the equilibrium exchange rate with respect to wages and makes food more expensive, creating
Javier Milei 2023 presidential campaign
Javier_Milei_2023_presidential_campaign
2011 British TV series
series as partisan." What he hoped to create was a kind of unstable equilibrium, so that audiences would find their sympathies shifting, repeatedly,
The_Promise_(2011_serial)
mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs) and then they are solved with one of the GAMS MPEC solvers (NLPEC or KNITRO). Mathematical programs involving
Extended Mathematical Programming
Extended_Mathematical_Programming
Concept in political philosophy
Firstly, an equilibrium is a convention if it is a correlated equilibrium of the game; secondly, there is more than one such correlated equilibrium, which
Social_contract
Japanese light novel series and its adaptations
successor as the bearer of the Divine Kick. After hearing about the equilibrium maintained between two groups of advanced beings, the benevolent Divines
I Got a Cheat Skill in Another World and Became Unrivaled in the Real World, Too
I_Got_a_Cheat_Skill_in_Another_World_and_Became_Unrivaled_in_the_Real_World,_Too
British economist (1925–2013)
January 2013) was a British economist whose work focused on general equilibrium theory, monetary theory, Keynesian economics and critique of monetarism
Frank_Hahn
Competitive Equilibrium from Equal Incomes (A-CEEI) is a procedure for fair item assignment. It was developed by Eric Budish. CEEI (Competitive Equilibrium from
Approximate Competitive Equilibrium from Equal Incomes
Approximate_Competitive_Equilibrium_from_Equal_Incomes
Theory proposing that managers adjust capital structure to maximize earnings per share
Capital Structure Substitution theory equilibrium. In times when the market is under-priced, corporate buyback programs will allow companies to drive up earnings-per-share
Capital structure substitution theory
Capital_structure_substitution_theory
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
plasma dense and hot long enough to undergo fusion. General principles: Equilibrium: The forces acting on the plasma must be balanced. One exception is inertial
Fusion_power
Founding Father, U.S. president 1797 to 1801
were "so democratical, without any restraint or even an attempt at any equilibrium or counter poise, that it must produce confusion and every evil work
John_Adams
American radio variety show
Garrison Keillor, performed his final show on July 2, 2016, and Thile's program began on October 15, 2016. Thile, an American virtuoso mandolinist and
Live_from_Here
American economist
University of Pennsylvania, mostly known for his contributions to general equilibrium theory. His most famous work was on the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model of
David_Cass
Solution concept in game theory
concept than a Nash equilibrium. Both require players to respond optimally to some belief about their opponents' actions, but Nash equilibrium requires these
Rationalizable_strategy
school. Fisher made important contributions to utility theory and general equilibrium. He was also a pioneer in the rigorous study of intertemporal choice
List of atheists (miscellaneous)
List_of_atheists_(miscellaneous)
Means-oriented social benefit
Allan M. Feldman suggests that welfare can achieve both competitive equilibrium and Pareto efficiency in the market, although different points of Pareto
Welfare_spending
Research of materials
concepts such as phase equilibrium. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates at which systems that are out of equilibrium change under the influence
Materials_science
Change in sea level due to gravity
to Isaac Newton that explains two daily tides is known as equilibrium theory. Equilibrium theory makes three simplifications: 1) ignore Earth's land
Tide
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
of an expanding economy, he proved the existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium using his generalization of the Brouwer fixed-point theorem. Von Neumann's
John_von_Neumann
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PROGRAM EQUILIBRIUM
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PROGRAM EQUILIBRIUM
PROGRAM EQUILIBRIUM
PROGRAM EQUILIBRIUM
PROGRAM EQUILIBRIUM
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