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Early programming language for lists
Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language created by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert A. Simon at RAND Corporation and the
Information Processing Language
Information_Processing_Language
Processing of natural language by a computer
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely
Natural_language_processing
Free graphics library
built-in Applet) which implements most of the Processing language's features. When programming in Processing, all added classes defined will be treated as
Processing
Approach to understanding human thinking
In cognitive psychology, information processing is an approach to the goal of understanding human thinking that treats cognition as essentially computational
Information processing (psychology)
Information_processing_(psychology)
Bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal
Information Processing and Management is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier covering the field of information and computational
Information Processing and Management
Information_Processing_and_Management
Retrieval of Information in different languages
Cross-Language Evaluation Forum) Wang, Jianqiang, and Douglas W. Oard. "Matching meaning for cross-language information retrieval." Information Processing &
Cross-language information retrieval
Cross-language_information_retrieval
Approach to the study of cognitive development
Information processing theory is the approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of the American experimental tradition in psychology. Developmental
Information_processing_theory
How humans use words to communicate
psycholinguistics, language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood
Language processing in the brain
Language_processing_in_the_brain
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
quantum phenomena can be harnessed for the processing, analysis, and transmission of information. Quantum information science covers both theoretical and experimental
Quantum_information_science
Theory of human interactions
Social information processing theory, also known as SIP, is a psychological and sociological theory originally developed by Salancik and Pfeffer in 1978
Social information processing (theory)
Social_information_processing_(theory)
Machine-learning and computational-neuroscience conference
The Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (abbreviated as NeurIPS and formerly NIPS) is a machine learning and computational neuroscience
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
Conference_on_Neural_Information_Processing_Systems
American cognitive scientist
Psychology. He, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw contributed to the Information Processing Language (1956) and two of the earliest AI programs, the Logic Theorist
Allen_Newell
Programming language family
Lisp (historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized
Lisp_(programming_language)
Computer-based technologies
century. Electronic data processing or business information processing can refer to the use of automated methods to process commercial data. Typically
Information_technology
Overview of and topical guide to natural language processing
Natural language processing is computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language. This includes
Outline of natural language processing
Outline_of_natural_language_processing
System of rules to convert information into another form or representation
In communications and information processing, a code is a system of rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or gesture—into
Code
Machine reading of unstructured documents
involves processing human language texts by means of natural language processing (NLP). Recent activities in multimedia document processing like automatic
Information_extraction
System that supports business decisions
and processing of data, comprising digital products that process data to facilitate decision making and the data being used to provide information and
Information_system
Statistical model of language
Balcan, M.F.; Lin, H. (eds.). "Language Models are Few-Shot Learners" (PDF). Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 33. Curran Associates
Language_model
Mental process dealing with knowledge
language, including language acquisition, comprehension, and production. Metacognitive processes deal with information about other mental processes,
Cognition
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
convey the information available at the next level up. The key characteristic of information is that it is subject to interpretation and processing. The derivation
Information
The IPSJ - Information Processing Society of Japan (Japanese: 情報処理学会) is a Japanese learned society for computing. Founded in 1960, it is headquartered
Information Processing Society of Japan
Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan
The history of natural language processing describes the advancements of natural language processing. There is some overlap with the history of machine
History of natural language processing
History_of_natural_language_processing
Computer scientist (1922-1991)
machine) and Information Processing Language (a programming language of the 1950s). Shaw is considered the true "father" of the JOSS language. One of the
Cliff_Shaw
Engineering discipline
control theory, signal processing, and microelectronics, and more applied fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, bioinformatics, medical
Information_engineering
Type of artificial intelligence model
Small language models (SLM) or compact language models are artificial intelligence language models designed for human natural language processing including
Small_language_model
study and information processing of the Chinese language by means of computers. The purpose is to obtain a better understanding of how the language works
Chinese computational linguistics
Chinese_computational_linguistics
Software suite for natural language processing
(2009). Natural Language Processing with Python. O'Reilly Media Inc. ISBN 978-0-596-51649-9. Perkins, Jacob (2010). Python Text Processing with NLTK 2.0
Natural_Language_Toolkit
Global computing organization
The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a global organisation for researchers and professionals working in the field of computing
International Federation for Information Processing
International_Federation_for_Information_Processing
Chinese character information technology, shortly Chinese character IT, is the information technology for computer processing of Chinese characters. While
Chinese character information technology
Chinese_character_information_technology
Developmental or acquired neurological disorders
Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. Individuals with APD usually have normal
Auditory_processing_disorder
Speech processing areas of the brain
term language center refers collectively to the areas of the brain which serve a particular function for speech processing and production. Language is a
Language_center
Computer language used to make queries into databases and information systems
queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. A well known example is
Query_language
Call Processing Language (CPL) is a language that can be used to describe and control Internet telephony services. It is designed to be implementable
Call-Processing_Language
Computer science discipline
computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with building systems that
Question_answering
Process of hearing and understanding language
further processed to extract acoustic cues and phonetic information. This speech information can then be used for higher-level language processes, such
Speech_perception
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language
List_of_large_language_models
Type of information retrieval using LLMs
generation (RAG) is a technique that enables large language models (LLMs) to retrieve and incorporate new information from external data sources. With RAG, LLMs
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented_generation
Finding information for an information need
It quickly becomes a major resource for information retrieval, particularly for natural language processing and semantic search benchmarks. 2009: Microsoft
Information_retrieval
Computational engineering concept
computational engineering concept in computer science for information retrieval, and natural language processing. It uses the meaning of words, texts, or concepts
Semantic_algorithm
Czech linguist (1932–2010)
was a Czech-American researcher in information theory, automatic speech recognition, and natural language processing. He was a leading figure in the development
Frederick_Jelinek
Chinese academic journal
contents published in Journal of Chinese Information Processing include: Computational Linguistics; Language resources; Machine Translation (MT) and Machine-Assisted
Journal of Chinese Information Processing
Journal_of_Chinese_Information_Processing
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
it replaced. Information Processing Language (IPL), 1956, is sometimes cited as the first computer-based functional programming language. It is an assembly-style
Functional_programming
Computer executable language
Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL), commonly known as BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), is an OASIS standard executable language for specifying
Business Process Execution Language
Business_Process_Execution_Language
Academic journal
Information Processing Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of computer science, published by Elsevier. The aim of the journal is
Information Processing Letters
Information_Processing_Letters
Process that distinguishes an organism's sensory information
Sensory processing is the process that organizes and distinguishes sensation (sensory information) from one's own body and the environment, thus making
Sensory_processing
Social information processing refers to a theory of how individuals, especially children, establish (or fail to establish) successful relationships with
Social information processing (cognition)
Social_information_processing_(cognition)
Search service for journal articles
Semantic Scholar uses modern techniques in natural language processing to support the research process, for example by providing automatically generated
Semantic_Scholar
Method for data management
distributed storage and distributed processing. In an effort to scale with larger amounts of indexed information, the search engine's architecture may
Search_engine_indexing
National academic association in China
linguistics, ethnic language information, machine translation, information retrieval, speech information, social media processing, language and knowledge computing
Chinese Information Processing Society of China
Chinese_Information_Processing_Society_of_China
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2022). Vol. 35. arXiv:2201.11903
Prompt_engineering
Processing mode
In computing, online analytical processing (OLAP) (/ˈoʊlæp/), is an approach to quickly answer multi-dimensional analytical (MDA) queries. The term OLAP
Online_analytical_processing
Programming language
System"), or M, is an imperative, high-level programming language with an integrated transaction processing key–value database. It was originally developed at
MUMPS
Method of analysing information about events
Event processing is a method of tracking and analyzing (processing) streams of information (data) about things that happen (events), and deriving a conclusion
Complex_event_processing
Formal language for communicating with a computer
programming language – Programming language used in many domains Lists of programming languages Natural language processing – Processing of natural language by
Computer_language
Textual emotion detection method
Sentiment analysis (also known as opinion mining) is the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically
Sentiment_analysis
Study of computation
vision aims to understand and process image and video data, while natural language processing aims to understand and process textual and linguistic data
Computer_science
Creation of language processing systems
Language engineering involves the creation of natural language processing systems, whose cost and outputs are measurable and predictable.[citation needed]
Language_engineering
How people find information
and channels of information". A variety of theories of information behavior seek to understand the processes that surround information seeking. An analysis
Information_behavior
Type of machine learning model
large language model (LLM) is a machine learning model (typically a neural network) trained on a vast amount of text for natural language processing tasks
Large_language_model
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
often understood as an information processing system with explicit and implicit functioning that is made up of a sensory processor, short-term (or working)
Memory
Process of understanding speech
Sentence processing takes place whenever a reader or listener processes a language utterance, either in isolation or in the context of a conversation
Sentence_processing
Type of large language model
(RNN) designs for natural language processing (NLP). The architecture's use of an attention mechanism allows models to process entire sequences of text
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Set of logic terms used to describe processes
The Process Specification Language (PSL) is a set of logic terms used to describe processes. The logic terms are specified in an ontology that provides
Process Specification Language
Process_Specification_Language
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
multiple processing elements simultaneously to solve a problem. This is accomplished by breaking the problem into independent parts so that each processing element
Parallel_computing
as natural-language understanding, capturing meaning Common and other forms of advanced processing to achieve the semantics of information. Nowadays,
Information_filtering_system
Cognitive process
there are 44 phonemes in the English language. Top-down processing refers to the use of background information in pattern recognition. It always begins
Pattern recognition (psychology)
Pattern_recognition_(psychology)
Natural language processing system
open-source Natural Language Processing (NLP) system that extracts clinical information from electronic health record unstructured text. It processes clinical notes
Apache_cTAKES
Type of computer human interface
of ambiguous input. Natural-language interfaces are an active area of study in the field of natural-language processing and computational linguistics
Natural-language user interface
Natural-language_user_interface
Power law growth of entropy of language or a stochastic process
statistical law in information theory. It states that measures of information in natural language texts or samples of particular stochastic processes grow as a
Hilberg's_hypothesis
Subtopic of natural language processing in artificial intelligence
Natural language understanding (NLU) or natural language interpretation (NLI) is a subset of natural language processing in artificial intelligence that
Natural language understanding
Natural_language_understanding
Series of language models developed by Google AI
of the art for large language models. As of 2026[update], BERT is a common methodological component in natural language processing (NLP) research. BERT
BERT_(language_model)
Subdiscipline of psychology
Proctor, R. W. (2018). "Information Processing: The Language and Analytical Tools for Cognitive Psychology in the Information Age". Frontiers in Psychology
Cognitive_psychology
American computer scientist (1944–2025)
information science and dean of the Syracuse University School of Information Studies. She was a pioneer in the field of natural language processing.
Liz_Liddy
Czech computer scientist (born 1982)
technology. "Industry Leaders in Signal Processing and Machine Learning: Tomas Mikolov". IEEE Signal Processing Society. July 2021. Retrieved 5 August
Tomáš_Mikolov
Compound-term processing, in information-retrieval, is search result matching on the basis of compound terms. Compound terms are built by combining two
Compound-term_processing
Book series
Studies in Natural Language Processing is the book series of the Association for Computational Linguistics, published by Cambridge University Press. Steven
Studies in Natural Language Processing
Studies_in_Natural_Language_Processing
Study of speech signals and the processing methods of these signals
Speech processing is the study of speech signals and the processing methods of signals. The signals are usually processed in a digital representation,
Speech_processing
Creating or manipulating electronic text
text. The term processing refers to automated (or mechanized) processing, as opposed to the same manipulation done manually. Text processing involves computer
Text_processing
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
(2019). "Unified Language Model Pre-training for Natural Language Understanding and Generation". Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 32. Curran
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Device or computer program used for writing and editing documents
world of the personal computer. The concept of word processing arose from the more general data processing, which since the 1950s had been the application
Word_processor
Common word that search engines avoid indexing to save time and space
dictionary) which are filtered out ("stopped") before or after processing of natural language data (i.e. text) because they are deemed to have little semantic
Stop_word
Study of relations between psychology and language
science, linguistics, and information science to study how the mind-brain processes language, and less so the known processes of social sciences, human
Psycholinguistics
American academic and Nobel Laureate (1916–2001)
modern-day scientific domains such as artificial intelligence, information processing, decision-making, problem-solving, organization theory, and complex
Herbert_A._Simon
Language for geospatial coverage data
The Web Coverage Processing Service (WCPS) is a query language for filtering and processing of multi-dimensional raster coverages (grid-based digital representation
Web Coverage Processing Service
Web_Coverage_Processing_Service
Low-level programming language family
word processing, text processing, than generating object code. The concept of macro processing appeared, and appears, in the C programming language, which
Assembly_language
Markup language
an ISO standard: "ISO 8879:1986 Information processing – Text and office systems – Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)", of which there are three
Standard Generalized Markup Language
Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language
Academic journal
Natural Language Processing is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press which covers research and software in
Natural Language Processing (journal)
Natural_Language_Processing_(journal)
Processing of email to organize it according to specified criteria
Email filtering is the processing of email to organize it according to specified criteria. The term can apply to the intervention of human intelligence
Email_filtering
Software engineering visualization
buildings, process plants, etc. In those cases, the concept is specialised to facility information model, building information model, plant information model
Information_model
Function modeling methodology for describing manufacturing functions
functional modeling language for the analysis, development, reengineering and integration of information systems, business processes or software engineering
IDEF0
Field of study of computational systems
problems related to data, information, and knowledge processing. To study general principles of processing data information and knowledge in medicine
Informatics
an important problem in text mining, information extraction, information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP). Keyword assignment methods can
Keyword_extraction
Topics referred to by the same term
Initial Program Load or Initial Program Loader Information Processing Language, a programming language Interrupt priority level, a part of the current
IPL_(disambiguation)
Unit of information
computer information" in 1946. The expression data processing was first used in 1954. When data is used more generally as a synonym for information, it is
Data
2017 paper conceptualizing the transformer-based deep learning architecture
Garnett (ed.). 31st Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS). Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol. 30. Curran Associates
Attention_Is_All_You_Need
using a variety of information technology notations, for example Unified Modeling Language (UML), within a coherent information technology architecture
Information technology architecture
Information_technology_architecture
Computer markup language
is used to transfer and store the same information in a more compact form convenient for computer processing but that is not human-readable. The formats
Well-known text representation of geometry
Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry
Model and data exchange language
A Language for Process Specification (ALPS) is a model and data exchange language developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the
A Language for Process Specification
A_Language_for_Process_Specification
Linguistic material used for various types of language research and processing
construction, improvement and/or evaluation of language processing applications, (...) in language and language-mediated research studies and applications
Language_resource
travel, tourism, insurance
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
INFORMATION PROCESSING-LANGUAGE
travel, tourism, insurance