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Creating or manipulating electronic text
computing, the term text processing refers to the theory and practice of automating the creation or manipulation of electronic text. Text usually refers to
Text_processing
Device or computer program used for writing and editing documents
word processing program were combined in one file. Another of the early word processing adopters was Vydec, which created in 1973 the first modern text processor
Word_processor
The DEC Text Processing Utility (or DECTPU) is a dedicated programming language developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) to easily create multi-functional
DEC_Text_Processing_Utility
Processing of natural language by a computer
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely
Natural_language_processing
Free graphics library
of Advocacy. Originally, Processing had used the domain name proce55ing.net, in leet spelling, because the name processing was taken; Reas and Fry eventually
Processing
Feature of continuing on a new line when a line is full
Special character in text processing Word divider – Glyph that separates written words Word joiner – Character in text processing Characters per line –
Wrapping_(text)
Process of analysing text to extract information from it
Text mining, text data mining (TDM) or text analytics is the process of deriving high-quality information from text. It involves "the discovery by computer
Text_mining
Software framework and API for input method in Microsoft Windows
input and text processing. It was introduced in Windows XP. The Language Bar is the core user interface for Text Services Framework. The Text Services Framework
Text_Services_Framework
Special character in text processing
without actually displaying a visible space in the rendered text. This enables text-processing systems for scripts that do not use explicit spacing to recognize
Zero-width_space
Method for data management
process, in the context of search engines designed to find web pages on the Internet, is web indexing. Popular search engines focus on the full-text indexing
Search_engine_indexing
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
search engines, in search and replace dialogs of word processors and text editors, in text processing utilities such as sed and AWK, and in lexical analysis
Regular_expression
Software using templates to produce documents
string processing features of general-purpose programming languages, and in text processing programs, notably text editors or word processors. The templating
Template_processor
Complete list of the characters available on most computers
points), used to represent each character within the internal logic of text processing software. As of Unicode 18.0, released in September 2026, 316,784 (28%)
Universal Character Set characters
Universal_Character_Set_characters
Lightweight markup language
In this sense, reStructuredText is a lightweight markup language designed to be both processable by documentation-processing software such as Docutils
ReStructuredText
Artificial production of human speech
normalization, pre-processing, or tokenization. The front-end then assigns phonetic transcriptions to each word, and divides and marks the text into prosodic
Speech_synthesis
Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing; before 2017 known under the name International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics)
International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
International_Conference_on_Computational_Linguistics_and_Intelligent_Text_Processing
Human writing practice
language processing systems and text segmentation tools usually operate on text in specific domains and sources. As an example, processing text used in
Text_segmentation
General-purpose macro processor
is employed to re-use text templates, typically in computer programming applications, but also in text editing and text-processing applications. Most users
M4_(computer_language)
Projecting human traits onto computers
convinced of ELIZA's intelligence and understanding, despite its basic text-processing approach and the explanations of its limitations. The effect is named
ELIZA_effect
2017 paper conceptualizing the transformer-based deep learning architecture
removing its recurrence to process all tokens in parallel, but preserving its dot-product attention mechanism to keep its text processing performance. This led
Attention_Is_All_You_Need
Utility for transforming text
expressions, and remains in use for text processing, most notably with the substitution command. Popular alternative tools for text manipulation and stream editing
Sed
notable text editors. The editors below can be used with either a graphical user interface or a text-based user interface. The following text editors
List_of_text_editors
Specialized electronic circuit that accelerates graphics
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed for digital image processing and to accelerate computer graphics, being
Graphics_processing_unit
DIN standard in the field of text processing
purposeful text documents. While DIN 5008 covered text processing with typewriters until 1996, newer revisions discuss issues related to word processing on PCs
DIN_5008
Text placed alongside its translation or translations
Parallel text processing bibliography by J. Veronis and M.-D. Mahimon Proceedings of the 2003 Workshop on Building and Using Parallel Texts Proceedings
Parallel_text
File format for DNA or protein sequences
FASTA format makes it easy to manipulate and parse sequences using text-processing tools and scripting languages. A sequence begins with a greater-than
FASTA_format
GUI elements for entering or displaying text
allows users to enter text for processing by a program. A typical text box is a rectangle, possibly with a border that separates the text box from the rest
Text_box
language processing (NLP) for the Python programming language. OpenNLP – natural language processing. Orange with its text mining add-on. The PLOS Text Mining
List_of_text_mining_software
Act of typing and sending a brief, digital message
Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between
Text_messaging
Digital collections of natural language data
In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (pl.: corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of natively digital and older, digitalized
Text_corpus
Programming paradigm
the processing required rather than defining a sequence of steps to be taken. Standard examples of data-driven languages are the text-processing languages
Data-driven_programming
Placeholder text used in publishing and graphic design
Letraset transfer sheets containing the placeholder text popularized it. Popular word processors, including Pages and Microsoft Word, have since adopted
Lorem_ipsum
Electronic device
text editors can sometimes provide better facilities for managing large writing projects than a word processor. Word processing added to the text editor
Word processor (electronic device)
Word_processor_(electronic_device)
Shell command for writing an input file or stream to standard output
paste – Shell command for joining files horizontally split – UNIX text-processing utility program TYPE (DOS command) – Shell command to display file
Cat_(Unix)
Process of transforming text into a single canonical form
storing or processing it allows for separation of concerns, since input is guaranteed to be consistent before operations are performed on it. Text normalization
Text_normalization
Index of articles associated with the same name
plain text. See formatted text for text attributes in word processing. See HTML#Elements and HTML attribute about text attributes in HTML. See text mode
Text_attributes
compress and expand data tar – archiver awk – pattern-directed scanning and processing language cat, read – catenate files cmp – compare two files diff – differential
List_of_Plan_9_applications
Text processing programming language
AWK (/ɔːk/) is a scripting language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool. Like sed and grep, it is
AWK
Random process independent of past history
signal processing, and speech processing. The adjectives Markovian and Markov are used to describe something that is related to a Markov process. A Markov
Markov_chain
Macro processor that is not tied to a particular language or piece of software
particular language or piece of software. A macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another, making a systematic set
General-purpose macro processor
General-purpose_macro_processor
Text generated to fill space or provide unremarkable and/or standardised text
Filler text (also placeholder text or dummy text) is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated
Filler_text
Text editor
Versatile Editor) is a flexible text editor that is part of the VMS operating system. EVE is implemented by using the Text Processing Utility (TPU). The Emacs
EVE_(text_editor)
Special character in text processing
of the standard space character, it differs in contextual behavior. Text-processing software generally assumes that an automatic line break may be inserted
Non-breaking_space
Computer markup language
store the same information in a more compact form convenient for computer processing but that is not human-readable. The formats were originally defined by
Well-known text representation of geometry
Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry
Digitalisation of analog documents
of administrative processes, mail processing and the digitization of analog archives and historical documents. Document processing was initially as is
Document_processing
Search using the full text of documents
including word processors, implement full-text search functionality. Some web search engines, such as the former AltaVista, indexed the full text of web pages
Full-text_search
Standard UNIX utility
(for example sed, basename, sort, etc.) are text processing tools. However, Unix path names are not really text. Consider a path name /aaa/bbb/ccc. The /aaa
Xargs
Sybase Powerhouse PowerShell Polymorphic Programming Language (PPL) Processing, Processing.js Prograph Project Verona Prolog PROMAL Promela PROSE modeling
List_of_programming_languages
Computer recognition of visual text
rate during transcription in bank check processing. Several prominent OCR engines were designed to capture text in popular fonts such as Arial or Times
Optical_character_recognition
Text processing programming library
Spark NLP is an open-source text processing library for advanced natural language processing for the Python, Java and Scala programming languages. The
Spark_NLP
Topics referred to by the same term
Find and replace may refer to: a feature of text processing as found: in text editors in formal language theory in particular programming languages Find
Find_and_replace
AI accelerator ASIC by Google
The Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is a neural processing unit (NPU) application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed by Google for neural network
Tensor_Processing_Unit
(LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language models with many
List_of_large_language_models
Canadian software company
Captiva Software became a subsidiary of OpenText in 2017. It makes software for document information processing and data capture from paper and electronic
OpenText
Organization maintaining the Unicode Standard
limited to computer software and hardware companies with an interest in text-processing standards, including Adobe, Apple, Meta, Google, Microsoft, and Salesforce
Unicode_Consortium
Collection and manipulation of items of data to produce meaningful information
the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. Data processing may involve various processes, including: Validation
Data_processing
Program that processes input for another program
programming language, and is intended to be used for a wide variety of text processing tasks. M4 is probably the most well known example of such a general
Preprocessor
Computer data using only printable characters
plain text and get a response, also typically in plain text. Many other computer programs are also capable of processing or creating plain text, such
Plain_text
Command-line utility for text search
grep is a command-line utility for searching text for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (global, regular
Grep
Any document that is read in digital form
Steven J. (November 1987). "Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing". Communications of the ACM. 30 (11). ACM: 933–947. doi:10.1145/32206
E-text
Program on Unix and Unix-like systems
Unix and Unix-like operating systems used to display the beginning of a text file or piped data. The command syntax is: head [options] ⟨file_name⟩ By
Head_(Unix)
Typesetting language
from CTSS, the first computerized text-formatting program, and is a predecessor of the Unix troff document processing system. There is also a free software
Nroff
Adding a note or gloss to a text
annotation of texts supports comprehension and memory; for example, research indicates that annotating texts causes more in-depth processing of information
Text_annotation
Overview of and topical guide to natural language processing
as an overview of and topical guide to natural-language processing: Natural-language processing can be described as all of the following: A field of science
Outline of natural language processing
Outline_of_natural_language_processing
Computer text search query function
In text processing, a proximity search looks for documents where two or more separately matching term occurrences are within a specified distance, where
Proximity_search_(text)
Node type in SGML and XML
instructions to the application. Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be
Processing_instruction
Automated process
Text simplification is an aspect of natural language processing that involves modifying, organizing, or categorizing existing text to make it easier to
Text_simplification
Online chemistry tool
Chemicalize is an online platform for chemical calculations, search, and text processing. It is developed and owned by ChemAxon and offers various cheminformatics
Chemicalize
Typesetting language
(/ˈtiːrɒf/), short for "typesetter roff", is the major component of a document processing system developed by Bell Labs for the Unix operating system. troff and
Troff
Command in Unix-like operating systems
Unix and Unix-like operating systems that merges the lines of two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field. It is similar to the join
Join_(Unix)
Ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten input
involves the automatic conversion of text in an image into letter codes that are usable within computer and text-processing applications. The data obtained
Handwriting_recognition
Variant of Transformer designed for multimodal data
Transformer systems such as BERT and GPT-3, which were designed for text processing, the Perceiver is designed as a general architecture that can learn
Perceiver
Method of extracting data from websites
unstructured content into a machine-readable format. These techniques use text processing or artificial intelligence, aligning with the technical goals of the
Web_scraping
Biomedical text analysis to extract relevant information and knowledge
text mining (including biomedical natural language processing or BioNLP) refers to the methods and study of how text mining may be applied to texts and
Biomedical_text_mining
Modern system for document annotation
Presentational markup is used by traditional word-processing systems. Binary codes embedded within document text produce the WYSIWYG ('what you see is what you
Markup_language
Type of software to organize texts
outliner (or outline processor) is a specialized type of text editor (word processor) used to create and edit outlines, which are text files which have a
Outliner
Processing mode
In computing, online analytical processing (OLAP) (/ˈoʊlæp/), is an approach to quickly answer multi-dimensional analytical (MDA) queries. The term OLAP
Online_analytical_processing
Type of machine translation
simply from the statistics of language use" [(page xvii) Parallel Text Processing: Alignment and Use of Translation Corpora]. Thus Kay has brought back
Dictionary-based machine translation
Dictionary-based_machine_translation
Type of large language model
natural language processing (NLP). The architecture's use of an attention mechanism allows models to process entire sequences of text at once, enabling
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Software company
Text Control is a vendor of word processing and reporting components for Microsoft development technologies. The software company also publishes TX Text
Text_Control
He is a Research Professor and the Head of the Natural Language and Text Processing Laboratory at the Centro de Investigación en Computación (CIC) of the
Alexander_Gelbukh
Shell command that copies standard input to standard output and to one or more files
Powershell is not suitable for binary and raw data, always treats the stream as text, and modifies the data as it is transferred. The syntax on PowerShell can
Tee_(command)
unix2dos (sometimes named todos or u2d) is a tool to convert line breaks in a text file from Unix format (Line feed) to DOS format (carriage return + Line feed)
Unix2dos
Database management system by SAP
(predictive analytics, spatial data processing, text analytics, text search, streaming analytics, graph data processing) and includes extract, transform
SAP_HANA
Machine learning model
photographs and human-drawn art. Text-to-image models are generally latent diffusion models, which perform the diffusion process in a compressed latent space
Text-to-image_model
Software for editing plain text documents
plain text (created and edited by text editors) and rich text (such as that created by word processors or desktop publishing software). Plain text exclusively
Text_editor
Ancient Egyptian ritual writing
Execration texts, also referred to as proscription lists, are ancient Egyptian hieratic texts, listing enemies of the pharaoh, most often enemies of the
Execration_texts
Interpreted programming language first released in 1987
other programming languages including C, sh, AWK, and sed. It provides text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary
Perl
Dutch critical discourse analyst
Walter Kintsch he contributed to the development of the psychology of text processing. Since the 1980s his work in CDS focuses especially on the study of
Teun_A._van_Dijk
Document file format developed by Microsoft
have Word installed. "Benefits of Rich Text Format (RTF)". Desktop Publishing, Presentations & Word Processing. ETR Associates. Archived from the original
Rich_Text_Format
Computer system to converse with a human
dialogue state is trivial. After dialogue systems based only on written text processing starting from the early Sixties, the first speaking dialogue system
Dialogue_system
quality in a way that makes the text less accessible to automated processing by computers, including natural language processing. The noise may also have been
Noisy_text
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. AWK is a programming language for text processing. AWK or awk may also refer to: Adwick railway station, Yorkshire, England
AWK_(disambiguation)
Open-source word processor and text editor
TextEdit is an open-source word processor and text editor, first featured in NeXT's NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP. It is now distributed with macOS since Apple's
TextEdit
Text typesetting markup software
text-formatting computer program, it is a predecessor of the nroff and troff document processing systems. Roff was a Unix version of the runoff text-formatting
Roff_(software)
Ability to read and understand text
two levels of processing, shallow (low-level) processing and deep (high-level) processing. Deep processing involves semantic processing, which happens
Reading_comprehension
Early SGML application
created in 1986 by Anders Berglund, who was at the time responsible for text processing in the CERN data handling division. Berglund mapped a Waterloo SCRIPT
CERN_SGML
Time to make a decision as a result of the possible choices
information processing speed, which is the reciprocal of the slope of the function: Reaction Time = Movement Time + log 2 ( n ) Processing Speed {\displaystyle
Hick's_law
Unicode character
noncharacter Unicode code point if its bytes are swapped. Hence, the process accessing the text can examine these first few bytes to determine the endianness
Byte_order_mark
Text editor providing intelligent, computer-generated suggestions
Editing with Text Structure, introductory article. Lightweight Structured Text Processing, an extended description. Multiple selections in smart text editing
Lapis_(text_editor)
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travel, tourism, insurance