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Bundling of data
programmers. Encapsulation is a technique that encourages decoupling. All object-oriented programming (OOP) systems support encapsulation, but encapsulation is
Encapsulation (computer programming)
Encapsulation_(computer_programming)
Topics referred to by the same term
components Encapsulation (networking), the process of adding control information as it passes through the layered model Encapsulation (computer programming), the
Encapsulation
Programming paradigm based on objects
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s).[clarification
Object-oriented_programming
Process of deriving classes from, and organizing them into, a hierarchy
targets Role-oriented programming – Programming paradigm based on conceptual understanding of objects Trait (computer programming) – Set of methods that
Inheritance (object-oriented programming)
Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)
High-level computer programming conceptualization
A programming paradigm is a relatively high-level way to conceptualize and structure the implementation of a computer program. A programming language can
Programming_paradigm
Programming which all objects are created by classes
In programming, a class is a syntactic entity structure used to create objects. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages, but
Class_(programming)
a way of encapsulation in object-oriented programming Programming paradigm protected, a way of encapsulation in object-oriented programming Protocol Prototype
Index of object-oriented programming articles
Index_of_object-oriented_programming_articles
Function that is tied to a particular instance or class
access and modify the properties of an object; this is known as encapsulation. Encapsulation and overriding are the two primary distinguishing features between
Method_(computer_programming)
Reusable solution template to a commonly-needed software behavior
Repository Programming idiom Refactoring Software development methodology Alexandrescu, Andrei (2001). Modern C++ Design: Generic Programming and Design
Software_design_pattern
Variable that represents an argument to a function
In computer programming, a parameter, or formal argument, is a variable that represents an argument to a function call. A function's signature defines
Parameter (computer programming)
Parameter_(computer_programming)
Software design pattern
the facade pattern to access resources from the packages. Encapsulation (computer programming) Gamma, Erich; Helm, Richard; Johnson, Ralph; Vlissides,
Facade_pattern
Topics referred to by the same term
encapsulation may refer to: The wrapping of private data in classes in object-oriented programming languages: see Encapsulation (computer programming)
Data_encapsulation
Function reference passed to and called by another function
In computer programming, a callback is a programming pattern in which a function reference is passed from one context (consumer) to another (provider)
Callback (computer programming)
Callback_(computer_programming)
In programming languages, the object or class the currently running code belongs to
this, self, and Me are keywords used in some computer programming languages to refer to the object, class, or other entity which the currently running
This_(computer_programming)
Software that provides access that hides details
planning. Computer languages can be processed with a computer. An example of this abstraction process is the generational development of programming language
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstraction_(computer_science)
Principle of computer program design
defined encapsulation as "the process of compartmentalizing the elements of an abstraction that constitute its structure and behavior; encapsulation serves
Information_hiding
Technique for running a program on a computer without directly calling it
programming. Message passing is ubiquitous in modern computer software.[citation needed] It is used as a way for the objects that make up a program to
Message_passing
Routine that generates a sequence of values
(2000). Encyclopedia of computer science. Nature Pub. Group. ISBN 978-1-56159-248-7. Retrieved 11 May 2013. The Icon Programming Language utilizes generators
Generator (computer programming)
Generator_(computer_programming)
fields, including terms relevant to software, data science, and computer programming. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See
Glossary_of_computer_science
Method to encapsulate computer programs
Application virtualization is a software technology that encapsulates computer programs from the underlying operating system on which they are executed
Application_virtualization
Abstraction of a class
(generic programming) Delegation (programming) Class (computer science) Application programming interface Use of these terms varies by programming language
Interface (object-oriented programming)
Interface_(object-oriented_programming)
Method in computer programming of forming higher-level object types
in cladograms)[citation needed]. Object-oriented programming is based on using objects to encapsulate data and behavior. It uses two main techniques for
Object_composition
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
variables to be among computer science's "most valuable treasures." — Donald Knuth, Structured Programming, with go to Statements In computer science, a pointer
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
Programming language family
programming language for artificial intelligence (AI) research. As one of the earliest programming languages, Lisp pioneered many ideas in computer science
Lisp_(programming_language)
Organizing code into modules
Modular programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes organizing the functions of a codebase into independent modules, each providing an aspect
Modular_programming
Semantic instance with state, behavior, and identity
problem domain. A programming language can be classified based on its support for objects. A language that provides an encapsulation construct for state
Object_(computer_science)
Numeric value with an unclear meaning
In computer programming, a magic number or magic constant is a numeric literal in source code whose meaning is unclear to the reader. The term is also
Magic_number_(programming)
Model of concurrent computation
these solutions provided a programming language construct that encapsulated access to shared resources. This encapsulation was later accomplished by the
Actor_model
Inappropriate short-lived object
In computer programming, a poltergeist (or gypsy wagon) is a short-lived, typically stateless object used to perform initialization or to invoke methods
Poltergeist (computer programming)
Poltergeist_(computer_programming)
Programming language
Language Runtime General-purpose programming language Imperative programming – paradigm using statements that change program state, focusing on how to perform
Outline of the C sharp programming language
Outline_of_the_C_sharp_programming_language
Programming paradigm
In computing, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a programming paradigm that aims to increase modularity by allowing the separation of cross-cutting
Aspect-oriented_programming
Executable file format
executable file format Application virtualization – Method to encapsulate computer programs Comparison of executable file formats Executable compression –
Portable_Executable
US telephony and computer company
implementation; it included an encapsulation scheme for sending IP datagrams over serial lines. Rick Adams implemented this encapsulation scheme as a line discipline
Computer_Consoles,_Inc.
Quantum-safe key encapsulation mechanism
ML-KEM (Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism), also known by its original name Kyber, is a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) designed to be
ML-KEM
Data-flow programming paradigm
In computer programming, flow-based programming (FBP) is a programming paradigm that defines applications as networks of black box processes, which exchange
Flow-based_programming
Type of reflection mechanism in programming
In computer programming, a mirror is a reflection mechanism that is completely decoupled from the object whose structure is being introspected. This is
Mirror_(programming)
Programming language
can functions, allowing for the use of functional programming methods. Object-oriented programming is supported by inheritance and multiple dispatch.
Nim_(programming_language)
information in a program (usually with emphasis on code duplication) whenever practical by making use of abstractions provided by the programming language or
Abstraction principle (computer programming)
Abstraction_principle_(computer_programming)
Container for a set of identifiers
which assign names to files. Some programming languages organize their variables and subroutines in namespaces. Computer networks and distributed systems
Namespace
Concept in computer programming
In computer programming, field encapsulation involves providing methods that can be used to read from or write to the field rather than accessing the
Field_encapsulation
Programming paradigm
Service-oriented programming (SOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "services" as the unit of computer work, to design and implement integrated business
Service-oriented_programming
Advanced Placement course and exam in Java programming
test a student's knowledge of object oriented programming ideas such as inheritance and encapsulation while requiring students to understand how objects
AP_Computer_Science_A
Comprehensive outline of core abstractions in the field of computer science
blocks of computer science, enabling complex systems and ideas to be simplified into more manageable and relatable concepts. General programming abstractions
List of abstractions (computer science)
List_of_abstractions_(computer_science)
object-oriented logic programming language that extends and leverages the Prolog language with a feature set suitable for programming in the large. It provides
Logtalk
Computer security model
Advantages that motivate object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation or information hiding, modular programming (modularity), and separation of concerns
Object-capability_model
Function definition that is not bound to an identifier
In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, lambda function, or block) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier
Anonymous_function
Computer system that receives and forwards requests
structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. A proxy server may reside on the user's local computer, or at any point between the user's computer and the
Proxy_server
Programming paradigm for improving clarity and development time of a computer program
program by using a structured approach to concurrent programming. The core concept is the encapsulation of concurrent threads of execution (here encompassing
Structured_concurrency
Computer system with a dedicated function
An embedded system is a specialized computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has
Embedded_system
Feature linked to many parts of a program, unrelated to program's primary function
In computer programming, an aspect of a program is a feature linked to many other parts of the program, but is not related to the program's primary function
Aspect_(computer_programming)
Remembered information in a computer system
Imperative programming is a programming paradigm (way of designing a programming language) that describes computation in terms of the program state, and
State_(computer_science)
Secure network protocol suite
TCP. As ESP is an encapsulation protocol, a value of 4 is also possible, indicating IP in IP. A value of 41 indicates IPv6 encapsulated in IPv4, e.g. 6to4
IPsec
Security by granting only essential access
Compartmentalization (intelligence) Confused deputy problem Encapsulation (object-oriented programming) Need to know Privilege bracketing Privilege escalation
Principle_of_least_privilege
Dynamic programming language
macroeconometric modeling Computer programming portal Free and open-source software portal Comparison of statistical packages Differentiable programming JuMP – an algebraic
Julia_(programming_language)
Design pattern in functional programming to build generic types
The Essence of Dataflow Programming (PDF). First Summer School, Central European Functional Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4164. Budapest
Monad (functional programming)
Monad_(functional_programming)
(Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer), the ship-board AI of Discovery One, kills its crew when conflicts in HAL's programming cause severe paranoia
List_of_fictional_computers
Core of a computer operating system
A kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system that always has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel
Kernel_(operating_system)
Programming paradigm based on asynchronous data streams
In computing, reactive programming is a declarative programming paradigm concerned with data streams and the propagation of change. With this paradigm
Reactive_programming
Proprietary email attachment format
Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format or TNEF is a proprietary email attachment format used by Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server. An attached
Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format
Transport_Neutral_Encapsulation_Format
Direct interface to an operating system
An operating system shell is a computer program that provides relatively broad and direct access to the system on which it runs. The term shell refers
Shell_(computing)
Annual computing prize
intended to recognize "achievement and excellence in the field of computer programming." Erickson explained that the winners were "selected by a special
Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming Award
Dr._Dobb's_Excellence_in_Programming_Award
Object-oriented programming language
modules. Eiffel supports multiple inheritance, genericity, polymorphism, encapsulation, type-safe conversions, and parameter covariance. Eiffel's most important
Eiffel_(programming_language)
Computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears
later Charles Babbage device that could be said to encapsulate most of the elements of modern computers. Odhner Arithmometer, 1873 – W. T. Odhner's calculator
Mechanical_computer
1997 studio album by Radiohead
Macintosh computer, inspired by the music of DJ Shadow, but admitted to making approximations in emulating Shadow's style due to their programming inexperience
OK_Computer
Term in human–computer interaction
around 1969 in IBM and Honeywell programming manuals[citation needed] the term referred to a certain computer programming technique. An application code
Transparency (human–computer interaction)
Transparency_(human–computer_interaction)
2GL—Second-generation programming language 2NF—Second normal form 3DES—Triple Data Encryption Standard 3GL—Third-generation programming language 3GPP—3rd
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
General-purpose programming language
object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. The principal designers of the C# programming language were Anders Hejlsberg, Scott Wiltamuth
C Sharp (programming language)
C_Sharp_(programming_language)
Multi-paradigm programming language
Dylan is a multi-paradigm programming language that includes support for functional and object-oriented programming (OOP), and is dynamic and reflective
Dylan_(programming_language)
Programming language feature
or uniform call syntax (UCS) is a programming language feature in D, Nim, Koka, Effekt,, Lean, and other programming languages, that allows any function
Uniform_function_call_syntax
Instruction in computer program
A branch, jump or transfer is an instruction in a computer program that can cause a computer to begin executing a different instruction sequence and thus
Branch_(computer_science)
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
but obscure protocol features." Encapsulation is used to provide abstraction of protocols and services. Encapsulation is usually aligned with the division
Internet_protocol_suite
System with weakly-associated components
another. Loose coupling in computing is interpreted as encapsulation versus non-encapsulation. An example of tight coupling is when a dependent class
Loose_coupling
Global system of connected computer networks
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between
Internet
Method of software development
same language is used in specification, design, and programming. Mechanisms include encapsulation and data locality. B was originally developed in the
B-Method
Techniques used by computers to manage components with limited availability
In computer programming, resource management refers to techniques for managing resources (components with limited availability). Computer programs may
Resource management (computing)
Resource_management_(computing)
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
2024. "BIKE – Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation". bikesuite.org. Retrieved 2023-08-21. "Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard". 2024. doi:10
Post-quantum_cryptography
Design principle for computer programming
(programming) Aspect-oriented software development Concern (computer science) Coupling (computer science) Holism Modular design Modular programming Orthogonality
Separation_of_concerns
Way of hiding details of a computing subsystem
In a computer architecture, a computer system is usually represented as consisting of several abstraction levels, such as: software programmable logic
Abstraction_layer
Final stage of semiconductor device fabrication
are performed at the packaging stage, as broken down into bonding, encapsulation, and wafer bonding steps. Note that this list is not all-inclusive and
Integrated_circuit_packaging
Organized collection of data in computing
combines logic programming with a relational database. A distributed database is one in which both the data and the DBMS span multiple computers. A document-oriented
Database
Pejorative term for highly repetitive programming
Copy-and-paste programming, sometimes referred to as just pasting, is the production of highly repetitive computer programming code, as produced by copy
Copy-and-paste_programming
Opaque data type which stores a memory address
In computer programming, an opaque pointer is a special case of an opaque data type, a data type declared to be a pointer to a record or data structure
Opaque_pointer
Programming language researcher
programming. The work on this theme was one of several secondary influences on the development of aspect-oriented programming. Adaptive programming tries
Karl_Lieberherr
Quotations within quotations
second-level quote delimiters. This is true regardless of alternating-symbol encapsulation. Every level after the third level must be recursively escaped for all
Nested_quotation
Database presenting data as objects
with the programming language, the programmer can maintain consistency within one environment, in that both the OODBMS and the programming language will
Object_database
Memory allocation scheme
Oracle Corporation. Go Programming Language. "Command arena". go.dev. Go Programming Language. Retrieved 8 March 2026. Zig Programming Language. "std.heap
Region-based memory management
Region-based_memory_management
Java software and development tools
This is a list of software and programming tools for the Java programming language, which includes frameworks, libraries, IDEs, build tools, application
List of Java software and tools
List_of_Java_software_and_tools
Named function defined within a function
In computer programming, a nested function (or nested procedure or subroutine) is a named function that is defined within another (enclosing) block and
Nested_function
Content of a message excluding headers and metadata
Protocol (PPP) frames, Fibre Channel frames, and V.42 modem frames. In computer programming, the most common usage of the term is in the context of message protocols
Payload_(computing)
Unchanging property for all objects of a class
In computer programming, specifically object-oriented programming, a class invariant (or type invariant) is an invariant used for constraining objects
Class_invariant
Object relationship in programming language
extend the storage and access to the parts, while retaining proper encapsulation as seen by the users of the data structure. Similar to a friend class
Friend_class
Chess-playing computer made by IBM
supercomputer for chess-playing designed by computer scientist Feng-hsiung Hsu. It was the first computer to win a game, and the first to win a match
Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)
Approach to managing resources by tying them to object lifetime
acquisition is initialization (RAII) is a programming idiom used in several object-oriented, statically typed programming languages to describe a particular
Resource acquisition is initialization
Resource_acquisition_is_initialization
Formal methods terminology
language. The C programming language reifies the low-level detail of memory addresses. Many programming language designs encapsulate the details of memory
Reification (computer science)
Reification_(computer_science)
Point in a computer program where instruction-execution begins
In computer programming, an entry point is the place in a program where the execution of a program begins, and where the program has access to command
Entry_point
Rules of thumb in C++
five members as default. C++ classes Class (computer programming) Stroustrup, Bjarne (2000). The C++ Programming Language (3 ed.). Addison-Wesley. pp. 283–4
Rule of three (C++ programming)
Rule_of_three_(C++_programming)
Network traffic analyzer
contributing authors. Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse
Wireshark
System with multiple networked computers
be considered. A computer program that runs within a distributed system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of
Distributed_computing
Software design pattern
In computer programming, the strategy pattern (also known as the policy pattern) is a behavioral software design pattern that enables selecting an algorithm
Strategy_pattern
Computer science method
method is most often used in object-oriented programming, in keeping with the principle of encapsulation. According to this principle, member variables
Mutator_method
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
To Compete with Pride
Boy/Male
Hindu
Computer
Male
German
Middle High German byname HEIDEN means "heathen." The composer Josef Haydn's surname was a respelling of this name.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Computer
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Compiler of the Vedas
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Abu Isa Muhammad Al-tirmidhi; Compiler of the One Collection of Prophet Muhammad
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Unattained; Cannot be Competed with
Girl/Female
Muslim
To compete with pride
Boy/Male
Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
Girl/Female
Hindu
Brilliant
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Multi Talented
Girl/Female
Christian, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Money
Girl/Female
Arabic, Egyptian, French
Little Mother
Male
English
 Variant spelling of English Perry, PARRY means "wanderer." Welsh surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form of ap Harry, meaning "son of Harry."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Danish, French, German, Hebrew, Polish, Swedish
Coming of Dawn; Form of Sarah; Princess; Shining; Flower; Radiance; Blossoming Flower; Day's Awakening
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lotus
Male
Gaelic
Gaelic name, possibly from a contracted form of brághadach, BRÃDACH means "large-chested."
Surname or Lastname
English (Kent)
English (Kent) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Lion; Difficult; Strict
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
ENCAPSULATION COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
v. t.
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence, to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares.
imp. & p. p.
of Commute
n.
The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule.
n.
A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; as, a compote of pears.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compete
n.
One who computes.
v. t.
To compute; to count.
imp. & p. p.
of Compete
n.
One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
v. t.
To compute erroneously.
v. i.
To calculate; to compute.
v. i.
To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing, position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen compete with one another.
imp. & p. p.
of Compute
n.
Compiler.
v. i.
To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.
n.
A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
n.
The process of becoming, or the state or condition of being, incapsulated; as, incapsulation of the ovum in the uterus.
n.
One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compute
n.
A computer.