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Family of instruction set architectures
x86 (also known as 80x86 or the 8086 family) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed
X86
64-bit extension of x86 architecture
x86-64 (also known as AMD64, x86_64, x64 and, rarely, Intel 64) is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set. It was announced in 1999 and first available
X86-64
Family of backward-compatible assembly languages
x86 assembly language is a family of low-level programming languages that are used to produce object code for the x86 class of processors. Previous evolutions
X86_assembly_language
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable
List_of_x86_instructions
Unofficial port of the Android mobile operating system
Android-x86 was an unofficial port of the Android mobile operating system (developed by the Open Handset Alliance) for the Intel x86 platform. It is an
Android-x86
Hardware-assisted virtualization on x86/x86-64 CPUs
x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU. In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved
X86_virtualization
Comprehensive list of features of x86-based computers
Ralf Brown's Interrupt List (aka RBIL, x86 Interrupt List, MS-DOS Interrupt List or INTER) is a comprehensive list of interrupts, calls, hooks, interfaces
Ralf_Brown's_Interrupt_List
Calling conventions used in x86 architecture programming
This article describes the calling conventions used when programming x86 architecture microprocessors. Calling conventions describe the interface of called
X86_calling_conventions
Computer architecture bit width
all 64-bit instruction sets support full 64-bit virtual memory addresses; x86-64 and AArch64, for example, support only 48 bits of virtual address, with
64-bit_computing
(discontinued its x86 line) Rise Technology (acquired by SiS, that sold its x86 (embedded) line to DM&P) IDT (Centaur Technology x86 division acquired
List_of_x86_manufacturers
32-bit version of x86 architecture
x86 instruction set architecture, designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985. IA-32 is the first incarnation of x86 that
IA-32
Computer assembly language instruction
INT is an assembly language instruction for x86 processors that generates a software interrupt. It takes the interrupt number formatted as a byte value
INT_(x86_instruction)
Layer of protection in computer systems
protection levels. Many modern CPU architectures (including the popular Intel x86 architecture) include some form of ring protection, although the Windows
Protection_ring
User-definable variable associated with each running process in many operating systems
Windows (XP, 2003, Vista), there are also %ProgramFiles(x86)%, which defaults to "C:\Program Files (x86)", and %ProgramW6432%, which defaults to "C:\Program
Environment_variable
American multinational semiconductor company
agreement allowing AMD to build legal clones of Intel processors, including the x86 family of processors from 1981. The two companies fought a seven-year legal
AMD
Computer instruction which pauses execution
In the x86 computer architecture, HLT (halt) is an assembly language instruction which suspends the central processing unit (CPU) until the next external
HLT_(x86_instruction)
produced many generations of CPU microarchitectures since the 1970s, spanning x86 processors for desktop, mobile, and server markets. Additional details about
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures
Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
from RHEL version 2.1AS. Since version 8, CentOS officially supports the x86-64, ARM64, and POWER8 architectures, and releases up to version 6 also supported
CentOS
American multinational technology company
most manufacturers of computer systems, and is one of the developers of the x86 series of instruction sets found in most personal computers (PCs). It also
Intel
Ligature of the Latin letters A and E
Æ (minuscule: æ), known as ash or æsh, is a Latin-script character. It is a ligature of a and e, originally representing the Latin diphthong ae. It is
Æ
Eleventh generation of Microsoft Surface Pro
Surface Pro 9 and Surface Pro X. It was released shortly after the Intel x86-based Surface Pro 10, and unveiled alongside the Surface Laptop (7th generation)
Surface_Pro_(11th_generation)
Instruction for x86 processors
In the x86 assembly language, the TEST instruction performs a bitwise AND on two operands. The flags SF, ZF, PF are modified while the numerical result
TEST_(x86_instruction)
Topics referred to by the same term
(Unix), a Unix command for evaluating conditional expressions TEST (x86 instruction), an x86 assembly language instruction Experiment, a procedure carried out
Test
Server virtualization offering by Oracle Corporation
Oracle VM Server for x86 is a server virtualization offering from Oracle Corporation. Oracle VM Server for x86 incorporates the free and open-source Xen
Oracle_VM_Server_for_x86
Memory segmentation on Intel x86
x86 memory segmentation is a term for the kind of memory segmentation characteristic of the Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture. The x86 architecture
X86_memory_segmentation
Line of 2-in-1 detachables developed by Microsoft
Surface Pro 8, released in 2021 Surface Pro 9, (ARM or x86) released in 2022 Surface Pro 10, (ARM or x86) released in 2024 Surface Pro 11 (11th generation)
Surface_Pro
Low-level programming language family
assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture such as x86 or ARM. Sometimes there is more than one assembler for the same architecture
Assembly_language
Piece of software or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines
example, Linux, Windows, and macOS instances can all run on a single physical x86 machine. This contrasts with operating system-level virtualization, where
Hypervisor
Server series by Sun Microsystems
versions as well. SPARC-based Sun Fire systems were produced until 2010, while x86-64 based machines were marketed until mid-2012. In mid-2012, Oracle Corporation
Sun_Fire
Assembler for the Intel x86 architecture
assembler and disassembler for the Intel x86 architecture. It can be used to write 16-bit, 32-bit (IA-32) and 64-bit (x86-64) programs. It is considered one
Netwide_Assembler
Family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors
engineers said "we could run circles around PowerPC...we could kill the x86". Early predictions were that IA-64 would expand to the lower-end servers
Itanium
American electronics company
Centaur Technology was an x86 CPU design company started in 1995 and subsequently a wholly owned subsidiary of VIA Technologies. In 2015, the documentary
Centaur_Technology
Implementation of the GNU toolchain for DOS
Because the x86-64 versions of Windows lack support for 16-bit programs, there is no NTVDM, and DJGPP applications cannot be run. Under x86-64 systems
DJGPP
Instruction for x86 microprocessors
In the x86 architecture, the CPUID instruction (identified by a CPUID opcode) is a processor supplementary instruction (its name derived from "CPU Identification")
CPUID
2024 laptop by Microsoft
apps. This was due to low ARM-native app availability, and no x86 emulation to run x86-based apps. Subsequent ARM based Surface devices include the Surface
Surface Laptop (7th generation)
Surface_Laptop_(7th_generation)
Set of memory models of the x86 CPU
In computing, the x86 memory models are a set of six different memory models of the x86 CPU operating in real mode which control how the segment registers
X86_memory_models
Arch Linux-based Linux distribution optimized for performance
based on Arch Linux that focuses on performance optimizations for modern x86-64 hardware, including gaming workloads. It rebuilds its kernel and core
CachyOS
Native hypervisor by Microsoft
native hypervisor developed by Microsoft; it can create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows. It is included in Pro and Enterprise editions
Hyper-V
32-bit microprocessor by Intel
originally released as the 80386 and later renamed i386, is the third-generation x86 microprocessor developed by Intel. It is the first 32-bit processor in the
I386
Non-Apple computer running macOS
the early 2020s transition to Apple silicon, Mac computers used the same x86 computer architecture as many other desktop PCs, laptops, and servers, meaning
Hackintosh
Computer architecture bit width
In computer architecture, 8-bit integers or other data units are those that are 8 bits wide (1 octet). Also, 8-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic
8-bit_computing
American computer company, 1982–2010
then later their own RISC-based SPARC processor architecture, as well as on x86-based AMD Opteron and Intel Xeon processors. Sun also developed its own storage
Sun_Microsystems
Operating mode of all x86-compatible CPUs
Real mode, also called real address mode, is an operating mode of all x86-compatible CPUs. The mode gets its name from the fact that addresses in real
Real_mode
Taiwanese chipsets manufacturer
Technology from Integrated Device Technology, marking its entry into the x86 microprocessor market. VIA is the maker of the VIA C3, VIA C7 & VIA Nano
VIA_Technologies
American businessman (born 1944)
iPlanet Web Proxy Server Oracle iPlanet Web Server Oracle VM Server for x86 Middleware Fusion Middleware WebCenter SOA Suite WebLogic Server Coherence
Larry_Ellison
Web browser developed by Google
the release of version 89, Chrome will only be supported on Intel/Intel x86 and AMD processors with the SSE3 instruction set. view talk edit A beta version
Google_Chrome
Open-source implementation of x86 BIOS
SeaBIOS is an open-source implementation of an x86 BIOS, serving as a freely available firmware for x86 systems. Aiming for compatibility, it supports
SeaBIOS
Computer memory addressing model
all subsequent x86 machines through to present day Pentium and Core 2 processors. This memory model has remained ever since in the x86 machines, which
Flat_memory_model
Linux distribution by Oracle
Linux and Oracle VM can be found in this catalog Oracle/Sun servers with x86-64 processors can be configured to ship with Oracle Linux. Oracle Linux is
Oracle_Linux
Form of binary recompilation
NES-to-x86 statically recompiled version of the videogame Super Mario Bros. which was generated under usage of LLVM in 2013. For instance, a successful x86-to-x64
Binary_translation
Computing term
instruction. Whether a red zone is present depends on the calling convention. x86-64 systems that use the System V AMD64 ABI (including Linux and macOS) use
Red_zone_(computing)
Flag bit in the CPU relating to interrupts
software interrupts generated by the INT instruction. In a system using x86 architecture, the instructions CLI (Clear Interrupt) and STI (Set Interrupt)
Interrupt_flag
Systems was a Silicon Valley start-up reportedly working on an asymmetrical, x86 capable processor similar to the Cell microprocessor. The processor was to
Montalvo_Systems
Application binary interface (ABI) of the Linux kernel
than the x86-64 version. On average, x32 is 5–8% faster on the SPEC CPU integer benchmarks compared to x86-64. There is no speed advantage over x86-64 in
X32_ABI
Chinese semiconductor chip manufacturer
and the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. The company manufactures x86-compatible desktop and laptop CPUs. The term Zhào xīn means million core
Zhaoxin
Computer operating system
Edition and Windows Server 2003 x64 editions to support x86-64 (or simply x64), the 64-bit version of x86 architecture. Windows Vista was the first client version
Microsoft_Windows
Operating system component
instruction set architectures (ISA): the Motorola 68000 series, PowerPC, Intel x86, and ARM64 in Apple silicon. Each ISA is incompatible, necessitating a transition
Rosetta_(software)
Type of computer fault
Alignment Checking on x86 */ __asm__("pushf\norl $0x40000,(%esp)\npopf"); # elif defined(__x86_64__) /* Enable Alignment Checking on x86_64 */ __asm__("pushf\norl
Bus_error
Unconditional jump instruction in x86 assembly language
In the x86 assembly language, the JMP instruction performs an unconditional jump. Such an instruction transfers the flow of execution by changing the
JMP_(x86_instruction)
Family of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernel
the largest free and open source project. While originally developed for x86-based personal computers, it has since been ported to more platforms than
Linux
Biblically-themed operating system
comparisons to similar outsider art. The system was characterized as a modern x86-64 Commodore 64, using an interface similar to a mixture of DOS and Turbo
TempleOS
The x86 instruction set has several times been extended with SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) instruction set extensions. These extensions, starting
List_of_x86_SIMD_instructions
Events in the history of 16-bit x86 DOS-family disk operating systems
timeline of events in the history of 16-bit x86 DOS-family disk operating systems from 1980 to present. Non-x86 operating systems named "DOS" are not part
Timeline of DOS operating systems
Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems
Open-source Git software package
Written in Ruby, Go and JavaScript Operating system Cross-platform Platform x86-64, aarch64 Available in English Type DevOps platform License Community Edition:
GitLab
General-purpose programming language
Python versions unofficially support VMS (mostly supporting) and OpenVMS x86-64 has Python 3.10 support. Platform portability was one of Python's earliest
Python_(programming_language)
Virtual reality headset
software, as well as additional compatibility layers for Android software and x86-64 code), or streamed wirelessly from a PC over a local network using Steam
Steam_Frame
Unofficial name used for Macintosh models that use Intel x86 processors
personal computers, developed and manufactured by Apple Inc., that use Intel x86 processors[not verified in body] rather than the PowerPC and Motorola 68000
Apple–Intel_architecture
1990s small battery-powered computer
IBM-compatible PC architecture, and BIOS as well as an Intel-compatible x86 processor. All such devices were DOS-based, with DOS stored in ROM. While
Palmtop_PC
Microarchitecture by AMD
The Excavator Family 15h is an x86-64 CPU microarchitecture developed by AMD for use in the company's CPU and APU CPUs, with commercial sales beginning
Excavator_(microarchitecture)
Computers derived from the IBM PC
successors. Like the original IBM PC, an IBM PC–compatible computer uses an x86-based central processing unit, sourced either from Intel or a second source
IBM_PC_compatible
Free virtualization and emulation software
one processor architecture on any other. QEMU supports the emulation of x86, ARM, PowerPC, RISC-V, and many others. QEMU is free software originally
QEMU
X86 assembler
Open Watcom Assembler (WASM) is an x86 assembler produced by Watcom, based on the Watcom Assembler found in Watcom C/C++ compiler and Watcom FORTRAN 77
Open_Watcom_Assembler
Processor design concept
making the x86 architecture easier to virtualize and to ensure better performance of virtual machines on x86 hardware. Normally, entries in the x86 TLBs are
Translation_lookaside_buffer
Reverse engineering software
native machine code. It decompiles Dalvik bytecode to Java source code, and x86, ARM, RISC-V, and other machine code to C source code. The assembly and source
JEB_decompiler
Processor flag indicating if the number of output bits is odd or even
other serial communication protocols, in lieu of a UART with parity support. x86 processors include a parity flag because they are descended (via the Intel
Parity_flag
Technical specification for firmware architecture
official documentation for the following processor architectures: x86 (IA-32, x86-64) Itanium (IA-64) ARM (AArch32, AArch64) RISC-V (32-bit, 64-bit,
UEFI
DOS compatibility layer for Linux
with real-mode applications in x86-64 long mode. DOSEMU is only available for x86 and x86-64 Linux systems (Linux 3.15 x86-64 systems cannot enter DPMI
DOSEMU
Programmable machine that processes data
Motorola 68000, ARM 64-bit microcomputer Alpha, MIPS, PA-RISC, PowerPC, SPARC, x86-64, ARMv8-A Embedded computer Intel 8048, Intel 8051 Personal computer Desktop
Computer
Concept in computer security
bit on 32-bit x86 kernels, which may run on both 32-bit x86 CPUs and 64-bit IA-32-compatible CPUs, is significant because a 32-bit x86 kernel would not
Executable-space_protection
American semiconductor company
F8680, a x86 compatible SoC.
Chips_and_Technologies
American semiconductor company
private semiconductor company based in Milpitas, California, that designed x86 microprocessors until it was purchased by AMD on January 16, 1996. NexGen
NexGen
Structure on x86-based computers that holds information about a task
The task state segment (TSS) is a structure on x86-based computers which holds information about a task. It is used by the operating system kernel for
Task_state_segment
Windows compatibility software
except on Apple silicon Mac computers, where Rosetta 2 is used to translate x86_64 code to ARM code. In a 2007 survey by desktoplinux.com of 38,500 Linux
Wine_(software)
American semiconductor design company
semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California. It developed low power x86 compatible microprocessors based on a VLIW core and a software layer called
Transmeta
Microsoft computer operating system
Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. Collectively, MS-DOS
MS-DOS
Operational mode of x86-compatible CPUs
mode, also called protected virtual address mode, is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs). It allows system software to
Protected_mode
Floating-point data type in C family languages
FLT_EVAL_METHOD. On the x86 architecture, most C compilers implement long double as the 80-bit extended precision type supported by x86 hardware (generally
Long_double
have at some point been present as documented instructions in one or more x86 processors, but where the processor series containing the instructions are
List of discontinued x86 instructions
List_of_discontinued_x86_instructions
Processor family
is a processor family encompassing a range of Intel's mainstream 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture
Intel_Core_2
Instruction set architecture
found in the VIA C3 series of x86-32 CPUs made by VIA Technologies. The hidden processor mode is accessed by executing the x86 instruction JMPAI (0F 3F).
Alternate_Instruction_Set
Free and open-source image manipulation software
ImageMagick, invoked from the command line as magick, is a free and open-source cross-platform software suite for displaying, creating, converting, modifying
ImageMagick
American computer engineer (born 1958/1959)
and Apple A4/A5 processors. He was coauthor of the specifications for the x86-64 instruction set and HyperTransport interconnect. From 2012 to 2015 he
Jim_Keller_(engineer)
Operating mode for x86 CPUs
In the x86-64 computer architecture, long mode is the mode where a 64-bit operating system can access 64-bit instructions and registers. 64-bit programs
Long_mode
Partition used by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
is unknown: Apple maintains a separate tool that should be used on Intel/x86-64 Macs, while other systems use FAT utilities just fine. The globally unique
EFI_system_partition
History of Apple's current Mac operating system
applications and services. On January 10, 2006, Apple released the first Intel x86-based Macs along with the 10.4.4 update to Tiger. This operating system functioned
MacOS_version_history
memory (shadow ROM), and the configuration of memory-mapped I/O. In early x86 architecture systems, especially where the cache was provided by separate
Memory_type_range_register
Standard directory in Microsoft Windows
ShellSpecialFolderConstants. These are all localization-independent methods. x86-64 and IA-64 versions of Windows have two folders for application files:
Program_Files
Edition of Windows XP for x86-64 computers, released in 2005
Edition is an edition of Windows XP that supports the x86-64 architecture, released alongside the x86-64 versions of Windows Server 2003 on April 25, 2005
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition
Standard file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps
chosen as the standard binary file format for Unix and Unix-like systems on x86 processors by the 86open project. By design, the ELF format is flexible,
Executable and Linkable Format
Executable_and_Linkable_Format
Computer machine code instruction
feature on a Motorola microprocessor. The Intel 8086 and all subsequent x86 processors have an HLT (halt) instruction, opcode F4, which stops instruction
Halt and Catch Fire (computing)
Halt_and_Catch_Fire_(computing)
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